Lesson 15-freehand-sketching-ii
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This document provides guidance on freehand sketching in isometric projections. It discusses how to sketch circles and objects in isometric views using guidelines. Sketching from orthographic views is also covered. Tips are provided such as using proportional dimensions, identifying visible and invisible edges through visualization, and completing sketches with dark lines. Reference books on engineering graphics and drawing are also listed.
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This document provides guidance on freehand sketching techniques for isometric projections and sketches. It discusses sketching lines, arcs, circles, curves, and objects from orthographic views. Key steps include locating centers and tangent points, using construction lines, and extruding 2D shapes to add the third dimension. Parallel lines should remain parallel in isometric views. Complex objects can be sketched by combining simple shapes or adding details gradually to the main form.
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Application of Drawing in Industries - Importance of graphics in engineering applications - Use of drafting instruments - Specifications - Size, layout and folding of drawing sheets - Lettering and dimensioning.
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Curves used in engineering practices, Visualization concepts and Free Hand sketching - Layout of views.
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The document discusses orthographic projection drawings which are a collection of 2D drawings that accurately represent an object. It describes the six principle views used in orthographic projection including front, right side, top, bottom, left side, and rear views. The document also explains rules for orthographic drawings including choosing a front view and common view combinations. Additionally, it outlines the glass box technique, different line types, steps for creating orthographic projection drawings, and guidelines for spacing views.
Isometric projections for engineering students
The document discusses isometric projections and isometric drawing. It begins by explaining the limitations of orthographic views and how isometric projections show all three dimensions of an object in a single view. It then defines the principles and types of projection, including orthographic, pictorial, axonometric, isometric, dimetric and trimetric. The remainder of the document focuses specifically on isometric projection, defining isometric axes, lines, planes and drawings. It provides examples of how to construct isometric views of various objects from their orthographic projections.
Lesson 11-isometric-projections-i
This document discusses isometric projection and how to draw isometric views of objects. It explains that isometric projection shows all three dimensions of an object using three intersecting axes at 120 degree angles. True dimensions are used for isometric views of single solids, while isometric projections of combinations of solids use compressed isometric dimensions. Common techniques for drawing isometric views, like the box method and 4-center method for circles, are described. Several step-by-step examples demonstrate how to apply these techniques to draw isometric views of prisms, cylinders, and cut pyramids. Tips are provided on what details to include or omit in isometric drawings.
Freehand drawing
This document provides an introduction to line sketching as part of a drafting lesson. It defines line sketching as drawing without drafting instruments using soft pencils and paper. The key aspects covered are that lines have length and direction, represent the edges of objects, and come in different weights and thicknesses. Specifically, it discusses three types of lines used in sketching: gestural lines that communicate feeling, contour lines that define form, and construction lines that use heavier lines to further define shapes.
Engineering Drawing
Download link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318852873_Engineering_Drawing_-_I
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22512.56328
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance size, etc.
Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
Orthographic Projection
Orthographic projections provide 2D views of an object that together accurately represent it. Common views are the front, top, and side. Objects are imagined inside a glass box and each face is projected onto a plane. Dimensions are drawn with thin continuous lines and indicate sizes. Drawings include title blocks with title, author, date, scale, and other information.
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Lesson 15 Freehand sketching - Orthographic projections - Part II
Orthographic projections of solid objects, Front view, top view and left or right side view. Sketching orthographic projections in freehand.
Class 10 presentation
This document provides an overview of a 2D Essentials class being taught from January 18th to May 16th. It covers topics like isometric drawings, axonometric projections, drawing curves and holes in isometric views, and section views. Reminders are provided about upcoming project deadlines. Examples are given for techniques like drawing oblique surfaces, angles, cylinders, and screw threads in isometric. Students will complete group projects applying these techniques and visualizing exercises are linked to reinforce learning. The next class will finish the chapter on section views and address any remaining questions. Homework includes exercises from chapters 3 and 7.
Isometric projection
The document discusses isometric projection, which is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical drawings. It defines key terms like isometric axes and lines. The steps for constructing an isometric projection are outlined, including defining the axes and adding details to blocks. Various types of objects that can be drawn using isometric projection are described, such as those with normal, oblique, or curved surfaces. Circles are approximated as ellipses, while curved lines use a series of offset points.
Presentation1 of eg
The document discusses isometric projection and how to create isometric drawings. Some key points:
- Isometric projection shows all three dimensions of an object simultaneously and at equal angles. Lines parallel to the three axes appear foreshortened to 3/4 of their true length.
- To create an isometric drawing, define three axes at 120 degree angles and draw construction lines. Then add object details starting from the front face, using techniques like box construction for non-isometric lines.
- Irregular surfaces, circles and curves require approximating techniques in isometric drawings since true sizes are not preserved. Four-point ellipses can approximate circles on angled planes.
Class 9 presentation
This document provides an overview and instructions for a 2D essentials class. It includes reminders about upcoming project deadlines, extra credit opportunities, and questions from prior chapters. It discusses concepts like runouts, plotting curves by hand, and isometric drawing. Students are instructed to break into groups to answer questions, sketch examples, and draw isometric shapes like cubes and boxes. The instructor emphasizes key pictorial drawing techniques including orthographic, oblique, perspective, and axonometric projections.
17e9fae40ba719b1d764783c5fee5a7534d6da3ffeb29cde64ee5b89d176d7f1_L6-Isometric...
This document provides information about engineering graphics and different types of technical drawings including isometric projections, oblique projections, and orthographic projections. It includes examples of how to draw boxes, circles, cylinders, and other objects in isometric and oblique views using techniques like the box method. Guidelines are provided for placement of objects, dimension lines, and treatment of curves and angles in different types of projections. Examples are given for drawing objects in cavalier and cabinet views.
Lesson 11 Isometric Projection - Part I
Isometric view and Isometric projection of solids, three dimensional representation of solids. Box method to draw isometric drawing.
WL 141 Unit 02
The document discusses sketching techniques for welders. It describes sketching as a quick way to express ideas using freehand drawings showing an object's shape and size. The document outlines how to sketch lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, and different types of sketches like orthographic, oblique, and isometric sketches. Guidelines are provided for sketching techniques and constructing different shapes.
CIVIL Engineering Drawing by haseeb muhammad
The document discusses the layout of a drawing sheet, including borders, filing margins, grid reference systems, and title boxes. It also covers starting a new drawing, including cleaning materials, fixing the drawing sheet, and completing administrative details in the title box. Guidelines are provided for keeping drawings clean while working.
Isometric drawings
This document provides information on isometric projections and isometric drawing techniques. It discusses how isometric projections allow three faces of an object to be viewed at once by pivoting the object 45 degrees. It also describes how isometric drawings are created using a "box construction" method where measurement lines are drawn at 30 degree angles to form an outline box for the object. The stages of isometric drawing are outlined as sketching the box, measuring details, and final layout. Methods for drawing non-isometric lines, circles, and rounded objects in isometric perspective are also summarized.
Isometric projection
it gives you the some usefull information of drawing of isometric projection and also about orthographic projection
Engineering Darwing (Isomeric Projection)
Isomeric projection has a proper role in Engineering drawing without this the engineering drawing is incomplete.
This Assignment slides are created by Alamdar Naqvi.
Student of BS Electrical Engineering of GC University Faisabad.
Lesson 14 Freehand sketching - Orthographic projections - Part I
The document discusses freehand sketching techniques that are important for engineers and designers. It explains that freehand sketching allows engineers to convey three-dimensional design ideas to others through drawings. Good practice in freehand sketching helps engineers think about designs rather than focusing on drawing methods. The document provides instructions for sketching basic elements like straight lines, circles, and orthographic views from pictorial drawings using only a pencil, eraser, and paper. It emphasizes observing object shapes carefully and proportionally sketching views without worrying about scale dimensions when practicing freehand sketching.
lecture engnering drawing
This document provides information on isometric projection and isometric drawing. It defines isometric projection as a type of axonometric projection where all three axes are equally scaled at 120 degrees. Isometric drawings can be created using the box method, which involves sketching an imaginary box around the object and then removing volumes to draw the details. Key steps include positioning isometric axes, sketching the enclosing box, adding details while measuring on the axes, and darkening visible lines. Non-isometric lines that do not run parallel to the axes must be drawn using coordinate points on isometric lines. Circles appear as ellipses in isometric drawings and can be drawn using the four-center method.
Isometric
The document discusses isometric projections, which show all three faces of an object simultaneously and equally foreshortened. It describes the process of creating isometric drawings, including defining isometric axes, drawing box constructions, and techniques for approximating circles and drawing non-circular curves. Key steps involve locating points through offset measurements from isometric and non-isometric lines.
Chapter 05 Pictorial sketching.ppt engineering drawing studies
1) The document discusses various techniques for freehand sketching including sketching lines, arcs, and circles. It provides guidance on tools, techniques, and recommendations for sketching different geometric shapes and features.
2) The document then covers different types of pictorial projections including axonometric, oblique, and isometric projections. It compares isometric projections to isometric sketches and provides methods for sketching ellipses, arcs, and irregular curves in isometric views.
3) The remainder of the document provides guidance and examples for sketching objects in isometric and oblique views including sketching from orthographic views, modifying objects, and combining simple shapes.
B Isometric Drawing.ppt
An isometric drawing is a type of pictorial drawing that makes a three-dimensional object easier to visualize. It is constructed using a 30x60 degree triangle with the height, width, and depth all on a single plane. To make an isometric drawing, construction lines are first drawn at 120 degrees, then the width, height, and depth are measured along these axes before drawing parallel lines and adding detail. Circles and arcs can also be approximated using this method by first drawing a square based on the diameter and connecting points.
ISOMETRIC PPT
i have created my own ppt on the topic name Isometric Projection.its a topic which is in engg. graphics book.
plzz download and give reviews abt that ppt.
First and third angle projection
The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in civil engineering. It describes third angle and first angle projections, which differ in how top, front and side views of an object are arranged relative to each other on a page. It also covers conventions for indicating hidden lines, center lines, and the order drawings should be made. Dimensioning techniques like transferring measurements between views are explained. The document concludes by briefly discussing freehand sketching and physical modeling.
Lesson 12-isometric-projections-ii
This document discusses isometric projection and provides examples of how to draw isometric projections of various objects. It explains that isometric projection uses an isometric scale of 0.82 times the true length. It then provides step-by-step instructions for drawing isometric projections of a frustum of a cone, hexagonal prism with a cone, square pyramid on a cylinder, and a sphere on a cube. It concludes by providing some tips for drawing isometric projections, such as using isometric dimensions and representing spheres as circles.
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Lesson 15 Freehand sketching - Orthographic projections - Part II
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Lesson 13-perspective-projection
This document discusses perspective projection and provides examples of how to draw perspective views of objects. Perspective projection involves drawing three-dimensional objects as they appear to the human eye using a station point and picture plane. It describes the key elements used, such as the ground plane, station point, picture plane, and visual rays. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to draw perspective views of basic shapes like pyramids, blocks, and cubes using either the visual ray method or vanishing point method. Tips are included on identifying visible and invisible edges and completing the perspective projection drawing.
Lesson 10-development-of-surfaces-ii
This document provides examples and instructions for developing the surfaces of various solids using the radial line method. It begins with an overview of developing a square pyramid by opening up the triangular faces and drawing them as separate triangles connected by the base square. Several examples are then given of developing specific solids like pyramids, cones, and funnels that have been cut by various planes. Guidance is provided on drawing the projections, marking new points where edges intersect the cutting plane, and using radial lines to accurately trace the remaining portions on development. Tips are also included to first sketch the development lightly and then project and darken remaining sections.
Lesson 9-development-of-surfaces-i
This document discusses the development of surfaces for prisms and cylinders. It defines surface development as opening out the faces and bases of an object onto a flat plane. For prisms and cylinders, the parallel line method is used, in which two lines equal to the base perimeter are drawn parallel at a distance equal to the axis length. Faces are then marked between the lines. Several examples demonstrate how to develop the surfaces of prisms and cylinders when cut by planes. Tips are provided for accurately marking new points and completing the development.
Lesson 9-development-of-surfaces-i
This document discusses the development of surfaces for prisms and cylinders. It defines surface development as opening out the faces and bases of an object onto a flat plane. For prisms and cylinders, the parallel line method is used, involving drawing parallel lines the length of the base perimeter and marking faces between them. It provides examples of developing various prisms and cylinders, describing the steps like drawing projections, marking new points, and completing the development. Tips are given like using a 2H pencil first and projecting points accurately. References for further reading are also included.
Lesson 8-sections-ii
This document discusses sections of cones and provides examples of drawing sections of cones cut by different planes. It begins by explaining that the true shape of a cone section can be a circle, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, or triangle depending on how the cutting plane intersects the cone. It then provides five examples of drawing front, top, and true shape views of cones cut by various planes, and explains how to determine the true shape in each case. The document concludes by providing tips for drawing cone sections, such as how the true shape is affected by the orientation of the cutting plane.
Lesson 7-sections-i
This document discusses sections of solids and how to draw them. It defines what a section is when a plane cuts through a solid. It provides instructions on how to draw sections, including marking new corners and projecting points to other views. It then gives 5 examples of drawing sections of different solids like prisms, pyramids, cylinders and cones in different orientations. It concludes by providing some tips on drawing sections and listing reference books.
Lesson 6-solids-iii
This document discusses the projection of solids with axes inclined to the vertical plane (VP) and parallel to the horizontal plane (HP). It describes the change of position method for drawing such projections in two steps: 1) assume the axis is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP and draw front and top views; 2) reproduce the top view at the required inclination and project the front view. It provides examples of applying this method to draw the projections of various solids, including prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones, oriented with different inclinations. Tips are also given for determining which edges are visible or hidden in the projections.
Lesson 5-solids-ii
This document discusses methods for projecting solids when the axis is inclined to the horizontal plane (HP) and parallel to the vertical plane (VP). It describes the change of position method, which involves first drawing the projections with the axis perpendicular to HP, then tilting the front view to the correct orientation. Several examples demonstrate applying this method to a pentagonal prism, square pyramid, cylinder, and cone. Tips are provided for determining which edges are visible or hidden in the projections. The document is intended to teach engineering graphics concepts related to multi-view projections of 3D objects.
Lesson 4-solids-i
This document discusses projections of solids in engineering drawing. It defines different types of solids like cubes, prisms, and pyramids. It explains the six positions a solid can be placed in for projections and how to visualize the projections. Examples are provided on drawing top, front, and side views of rectangular prisms, hexagonal prisms, and triangular prisms based on their position. Tips are given on drawing visible and hidden edges in different views. The document aims to help understand projections of solids.
Lesson 3-planes
The document discusses the projections of planes and their traces. It explains that a plane is a 2D object with length and breadth. The projections of a plane depend on its position relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. When a plane is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the vertical plane, its front view is its true shape and size, and its top view is a line. When a plane is perpendicular to the vertical plane and parallel to the horizontal plane, its top view is its true shape and size, and its front view is a line. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how to draw the projections of planes in different positions.
Lesson 3-planes
The document discusses the projections of planes and their traces. It defines a plane as a two-dimensional object with length and breadth. It explains how to determine the front, top, and side views of a plane based on its orientation relative to the horizontal and vertical planes. It provides examples of determining the projections of different shaped planes in different orientations, such as a square plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane, a triangular plane inclined to the vertical plane, and a hexagonal plane perpendicular to both planes. It concludes by providing tips for solving problems on plane projections and listing reference books.
Lesson 2-lines-ii
This document discusses methods for projecting straight lines that are inclined to both the horizontal and vertical planes. It describes the rotating line method, which involves 4 steps: 1) drawing the front view with the line parallel to the vertical plane, 2) drawing the top view with the line parallel to the horizontal plane, 3) drawing the locus of the other end of the line, and 4) rotating the views to the required position along the locus. The rotating trapezoidal plane method uses trapezoidal planes containing the line and its projections to determine the true length and inclinations. Special cases and tips for solving problems are also provided.
New lesson 1 points and lines - i
This document provides an overview of projections of points and lines in engineering drawings. It discusses the principles of projection and defines projection planes. It then demonstrates how to project and draw the top and front views of points and lines in different positions and orientations relative to the projection planes. Examples are given of drawing the projections of points and lines, including marking the traces. Tips are provided for solving problems involving projecting inclined lines. The document recommends reference books on engineering graphics and drawing.
Lesson 1-points-and-lines-i (1)
This document provides an overview of projections of points and lines in engineering drawings. It discusses the principles of projection and defines projection planes. It then demonstrates how to project and draw the top and front views of points and lines in different positions and orientations relative to the projection planes. Examples are given of drawing the projections of points and lines, including marking the traces. Tips are provided for solving problems involving projecting inclined lines. The document recommends reference books on engineering graphics and drawing.
Lesson 1-points-and-lines-i (1)
This document provides an overview of projections of points and lines in engineering drawings. It discusses the principles of projection and defines projection planes. It then demonstrates how to project and draw the top and front views of points and lines in different positions and orientations relative to the projection planes. Examples are given of drawing the projections of points and lines, including marking the traces. Tips are provided for solving problems involving projecting inclined lines. The document recommends reference books on engineering graphics and drawing.
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Lesson 15-freehand-sketching-ii
- 1. FREEHAND SKETCHING Part II Prof.T.JEYAPOOVAN Department of Mechanical Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai-603103, India www.EGlive.in
- 2. Isometric Sketching Practice • The idea of a new design is visualized by designer/engineer and sketched in isometric/perspective projections. • Isometric sketching is used for small objects but perspective sketching is used for large objects like buildings. • Isometric sketching can also be prepared from the orthographic drawings. • The three isometric axes are drawn with two axes at 30° to horizontal and another axis vertical as shown in figure. www.EGlive.in
- 3. Sketching a circle in isometric • Draw two isometric axes approx. at 30º to the horizontal. • Construct the rhombus with the sides approximately equal to the diameter of the circle. • Sketch lines through the midpoints of the opposite sides of rhombus. • Sketch short arcs tangent to the sides of the rhombus. • Sketch the ellipse by connecting the arcs in thin light lines and complete the ellipse by drawing dark lines. • Ellipses drawn in left and right isometric planes are shown in Fig. www.EGlive.in Top Plane Left Plane Right Plane
- 4. Sketching from Pictorial view from Orthographic views • Beginners to the isometric sketching practice can use the ruled papers with isometric lines. These lines are used as guidelines for the isometric sketching. www.EGlive.in
- 5. Sketching Isometric Drawing from Orthographic views • Sketch the rectangular box in isometric with proportional dimensions after carefully observing shape and size of the object. • Sketch the given orthographic views on the top, left and right planes in thin light lines. • Complete the isometric drawing by sketching the visible edges of the object in dark lines. www.EGlive.in
- 6. Sketching Isometric Drawing from Orthographic views www.EGlive.in
- 7. Sketching Isometric Drawing from Orthographic views www.EGlive.in
- 8. Tips to draw Freehand sketching • The visible and invisible edges are usually identified through visualization and understanding. • Note that the dimensions of the lines sketched in the views are taken in proportion to the dimensions of the object. • Sketches are not prepared to scale/actual dimensions. • The rectangle to enclose the views can be omitted after practicing many sketching exercises with an eye on taking the proportional dimensions of the object. • Complete the sketching of the object by drawing dark lines. www.EGlive.in
- 9. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Jeyapoovan T, “Lesson Plans for Engineering Graphics”, 2010, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. 2. Jeyapoovan T, “Engineering Drawing and Graphics”, 2011, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. www.EGlive.in
- 10. End of Lesson 15 Thank You www.EGlive.in