This document discusses linear perspective techniques used during the Renaissance to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. It explains that Renaissance artists developed mathematical and observational methods like establishing a horizon line and single or double vanishing points. Lines converging on the vanishing point make distant objects appear smaller to trick the eye into seeing depth. The document provides instructions for creating a basic two-point perspective drawing and encourages practicing the technique to build fantasy cityscapes using boxes, buildings, and other forms.

1. Perspective Drawing
Two-Point Perspective

2. Perspective
 During the Renaissance artists became
interested in making two-dimensional
artwork look three-dimensional.
 Renaissance- (1450-1600): The Renaissance
began in Italy and spread through Northern
Europe. Art, Science, and Literature grew
during this time.

3. Perspective
 Many of the earlier
works artists created
showed little depth.
 Does this picture reflect
depth? Why or why
not?
 How could this picture
be changed to increase
its’ depth?
Kaufmann Haggadah. Spain, late 14th C.

4. Perspective
 Artists used
mathematics and close
observation to invent
linear perspective.
 Linear perspective
allows artists to trick
the eye into seeing
depth on a flat surface.

5. Perspective
Influential People during the Renaissance
 Art:
 Michelangelo
 Leonardo da Vinci
 Science
 Galileo
 Literature
 Shakespeare
Raphael, School of Athens,
One-point linear perspective

6. Perspective
 Many artists have used a variety of different
techniques to show depth. However it was
not until the Renaissance that artists
developed a system to show depth logically
and consistently.

7. Perspective
 Linear Perspective:
 Based on the way the human eye sees the world.
 Objects that are closer appear larger, more
distant objects appear smaller.
 To create the illusion of space the artists creates
a vanishing point on the horizon line.
 Objects are drawn using orthogonal lines, which
lead to the vanishing points.

8. Perspective
 Vanishing Point
 The single point on the horizon where all the
lines on the ground level seem to come together
 Horizon Line
 The place where the land and the sky meet.
 Orthogonal Line
 Lines that connect to the vanishing point

9. Perspective
 Can you locate the
Horizon Line?
 How did you
determine this?
 Can you find the
vanishing point in this
picture?

10. Perspective
The red line is the Horizon Line.

11. Perspective
Can you locate the vanishing point?

12. Perspective

13. Perspective
Objects seen at an angle would be drawn with two-point
perspective using two vanishing points. Artwork with
two-point perspective often has vanishing points "off the page".

14. Perspective
Lines leading to the vanishing points are called
orthogonals.

15. Perspective
In two-point perspective the front edge of the form is
seen as the closest point.

16. Perspective
Draw a horizon line towards the top of your paper.

17. Perspective
Make sure the end of the ruler (or side of the triangle) flush
with the edge of the paper. If lines are not exactly vertical your
drawing will be crooked.

18. Perspective
Draw two vanishing points on the horizon line near
the page edges.

19. Perspective
Now draw a vertical line this is your front edge. Draw
it in near the bottom middle of the page, so you have
plenty of room to add more forms to your building.

20. Perspective
Now connect the both ends of the front edge to both
vanishing points. These are orthogonals. Draw lightly
so you can erase!

21. Perspective
Draw two vertical lines between the orthogonals where
you want the back edges of your form to appear.

22. Perspective
Now join the back and top corners to the opposite
vanishing point to complete the top of the form.

23. Perspective
Erase the extra orthogonals. Now you have a form
drawn in two-point perspective!

24. Perspective

25. Perspective
Your First Assignment:
 Create a drawing of
boxes in 2-point
perspective.
 Stack Forms on top
of each other
 Add Design or
Texture to your box
forms.

26. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Add detail to your drawing to make it into a row of shops.
Remember for height draw vertical lines and for depth draw lines

27. Perspective
Your Final Assignment:
Create a fantasy city using
two-point perspective!
Sketch out in pencil first.
Add forms and details to
create your city.
Outline with black sharpie
marker.
Paint with watercolor to finish
your city.

29. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Place two vanishing points onto your pages close to the sides.

30. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Introduce the vertical leading edge to your drawing.

31. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Draw lines pointing to the vanishing points.

32. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Add further vertical lines. As they get closer to the vanishing point,
make sure that you draw them closer together. Rub out unnecessary

33. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Add detail to your drawing to make it into a row of shops.
Remember for height draw vertical lines and for depth draw lines

34. Perspective drawing
Two point Perspective
Homework: Complete your drawing in colour. Try to add more
complex aspects such as pavements and flats above the shops.