Lesson 10 Types of stress (word stress)_141121192556.ppt
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This document provides information about word stress in English. It explains that English words can have one, two, three or more syllables and defines a syllable as containing at least one vowel sound. Examples are given of common words broken down by number of syllables. The document then discusses word stress, which refers to emphasizing one syllable in a word more than the others. Rules of word stress placement are outlined, such as stressing the first syllable of two-syllable nouns and the last syllable of two-syllable verbs. Exceptions to the rules are noted. The purpose of word stress and how to indicate stressed syllables in dictionaries is also covered.
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Stress
Stress refers to the emphasis or prominence given to certain syllables in a word. In English, stressed syllables are louder, higher-pitched, and longer than unstressed syllables. The location and degree of stress can influence the meaning of words and is an important part of pronunciation. Rules for determining stress are complex and often irregular, so it is best learned through listening practice.
affixation
This document defines and provides examples of different types of affixes:
1) Prefixes and suffixes are affixes that are added to the beginning or end of root words, such as "re-" and "-ed".
2) Infixes are affixes added within root words, but these do not exist in standard English.
3) Circumfixes are affixes divided into two parts placed around the root word, such as "en-" and "-en" in "enlighten".
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Why do we need Intonation?
Stress
Stress in linguistics refers to giving extra force to certain syllables when speaking. In English, some syllables are pronounced with greater force and are considered stressed. The level of stress can be primary, secondary, or unstressed. Primary stress is given to the most prominent syllable, while secondary stress is weaker. Some words have variable stress that changes depending on whether the word is by itself or in a sentence. The placement of stress helps determine meaning and the structure of sentences.
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Intonation
This document discusses English phonetics and phonology, specifically intonation. It defines intonation as the variation in pitch when speaking. Intonation serves four main functions: attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discoursal. The attitudinal function uses intonation to express emotions. The accentual function uses stress to emphasize important syllables. The grammatical function uses intonation to recognize syntax and sentence type. The discoursal function uses intonation to signal new vs. given information and indicate expectations. Examples are provided for each function to illustrate how intonation conveys meaning.
REGISTER AND STYLE
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Stress
Stress refers to the emphasis or prominence given to certain syllables in a word. In English, stressed syllables are louder, higher-pitched, and longer than unstressed syllables. The location and degree of stress can influence the meaning of words and is an important part of pronunciation. Rules for determining stress are complex and often irregular, so it is best learned through listening practice.
affixation
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1) Prefixes and suffixes are affixes that are added to the beginning or end of root words, such as "re-" and "-ed".
2) Infixes are affixes added within root words, but these do not exist in standard English.
3) Circumfixes are affixes divided into two parts placed around the root word, such as "en-" and "-en" in "enlighten".
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This document discusses English phonetics and phonology, specifically intonation. It defines intonation as the variation in pitch when speaking. Intonation serves four main functions: attitudinal, accentual, grammatical, and discoursal. The attitudinal function uses intonation to express emotions. The accentual function uses stress to emphasize important syllables. The grammatical function uses intonation to recognize syntax and sentence type. The discoursal function uses intonation to signal new vs. given information and indicate expectations. Examples are provided for each function to illustrate how intonation conveys meaning.
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This document provides information about stress and intonation in English linguistics. It discusses syllables, prominence, the realization of stress through loudness, length and pitch. It describes different types of stress like primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary stress. It also discusses word stress, stress in two-word expressions, stress notation, rules of word stress, and stress placement. The document then covers intonation contours in English including falls, rises, fall-rises. It describes tones like falling tone, low-rise tone, and high-rise tone. Finally, it discusses the use of intonation in statements, questions, exclamations and requests.
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This document provides an overview of stress and intonation in English linguistics. It discusses key concepts like syllables, prominence, stress realization, types of stress including emphatic, contrastive, tonic and new information stress. It also covers topics like stress placement, degrees of stress, timing and notation of stress patterns. The document aims to explain stress as it relates to syllables, prominence, acoustic properties, meaning differences and common stress patterns in English.
Suprasegmental or prosodic properties
Suprasegmental properties refer to aspects of sound that are not properties of individual segments like vowels and consonants, and include pitch, loudness, length, tone, intonation, and stress. Tone and intonation involve controlled pitch movement, with tone distinguishing word meanings in tonal languages and intonation conveying information without changing meaning. Stress involves combining pitch, loudness, and length to emphasize certain syllables in words for purposes like marking boundaries and adding contrast.
Phonetics & phonology
Phonetics and phonology are both linguistic fields that are interested in the role of sound in language. The importance of learning phonetics and phonology for someone whose first language is not English is paramount.
Learning phonetics will help a foreign speaker sound more like a native speaker by making them aware of the different sounds that English makes use of.
A presentation prepared in this regards is being shared herewith for the records and general sharing. :)
03 word stress
The document discusses stress and pronunciation in English words. It explains that English words typically only have one stressed syllable, with unstressed syllables pronounced shorter and quieter. Unstressed vowels are often reduced to the schwa sound. There are some guidelines provided for determining stress patterns in words with different numbers of syllables, compound words, and words with certain suffixes. The document emphasizes the importance of stress for distinguishing word meanings and fluent speech.
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Stress refers to emphasis placed on certain syllables or words. Word stress emphasizes syllables within words, usually the first or last. Sentence stress emphasizes content words over structure words to create rhythm. Content words carry meaning while structure words are grammatical. The time between stressed words is always the same to create English's rhythmic "beat". Understanding stress helps comprehend spoken English, especially fast speech.
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This document provides information about stress and intonation in English discourse. It discusses topics like word stress patterns, stressed vs. unstressed syllables, content vs. function words, different types of stress (primary, secondary, etc.), stress shifts between verbs and nouns, stress in multi-word expressions, and intonation patterns in statements, questions, exclamations. It also provides examples of different intonation tones like fall, rise, fall-rise and links to additional online resources about English pronunciation.word stress.pptx
Word stress refers to emphasizing certain syllables within words for proper pronunciation in English. Most words with more than one syllable have one syllable that is longer, louder, and higher in pitch than the others. The placement of stress can change the meaning of words or make them difficult to understand. Rules for word stress include stressing the first syllable of two-syllable nouns and adjectives and the second syllable of two-syllable verbs and prepositions. Exceptions exist, and prefixes, suffixes, and compound words follow specific patterns. Identifying word stress correctly is important for clear communication in English.
Study Of English Stress And Intonation
The document discusses various linguistic concepts related to stress and intonation in English, including:
1) Stress refers to relative emphasis on certain syllables in a word through loudness, length, or pitch. In English, stressed syllables are louder, longer, and higher pitched.
2) Words have primary, secondary, and tertiary stresses. Primary stress is on the most prominent syllable.
3) Stress placement and degree varies between content and function words. Content words receive more stress.
4) Stress indicates new information in responses and contrasts in dialogue.
Word stress and vowel reduction part 1
This document discusses stress in English pronunciation. It explains that in English, stressed vowels are both longer and louder than unstressed vowels. It provides examples of words with different stress patterns on vowels, such as "cabbage" and "sentence." The document also discusses major and minor stress and compares stress patterns in English and Spanish vowels. It analyzes the stress patterns in three-syllable words with major stress on the first syllable and minor stress on the third.
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portal.guldu.uz-STUDY OF ENGLISH STRESS AND INTONATION.ppt
portal.guldu.uz-STUDY OF ENGLISH STRESS AND INTONATION.ppt
portal.guldu.uz-STUDY OF ENGLISH STRESS AND INTONATION (1).ppt
portal.guldu.uz-STUDY OF ENGLISH STRESS AND INTONATION (1).ppt
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- 1. WORD STRESS UZSWLU English Faculty №3 English Language Department of Applied Disciplines №3 2021
- 2. Understanding Syllables Every word is made from syllables. Each word has one, two, three or more syllables.
- 3. Find the numbers of the syllables in the following words •dog •green •quite •quiet •orange •table •expensive •interesting •realistic •unexceptional
- 4. .word number of syllables dog [ dɒɡ ] 1 green [ ɡriːn ] 1 quite [ kwaɪt ] 1 quiet [ˈkwaɪət] 1 orange [ˈɒrɪndʒ ] 2 table [teibl] 2 expensive [ ɪkˈspensɪv ] 3 interesting [ ˈɪntrəstɪŋ ] 3 realistic [ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk ] 4 unexceptional [ ˌʌn.ɪkˈsep.ʃən.əl ] 5 Notice that (with a few rare exceptions) every syllable contains at least one vowel (a, e, i, o or u) or vowel sound.
- 5. What isWord Stress? In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable • Higher • Stronger • Louder and all the other syllables very quietly. Let's take 3 words: Photograph photographer photographic.
- 6. shape total syllables stressed syllable PHO TO GRAPH 3 #1 PHO TO GRAPH ER 4 #2 PHO TO GRAPH IC 4 #3
- 7. Why isWord Stress Important? English speakers use word stress to communicate rapidly accurately even in difficult conditions.
- 8. This is where they show which syllable is stressed, usually with an apostrophe (') just before the stressed syllable. Look at this example for the word plastic. There are 2 syllables. Syllable #1 is stressed. example Phonetic spelling of stress in the dictionary PLAS TIC Oo /'plæs tIk/
- 9. Rules of Word Stress in English There are two very simple rules about word stress: One word has only one stress We can only stress vowels, not consonants.
- 10. Here are some more, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally. 1 Stress on first syllable rule example Most 2-syllable nouns PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble Most 2-syllable adjectives PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy 2 Stress on last syllable rule example Most 2-syllable verbs to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN
- 11. 3 Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end) rule example Words ending in -ic GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic Words ending in -sion and -tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.
- 12. 4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end) rule example Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy deMOcracy, dependaBility, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Words ending in -al CRItical, geoLOGical 5 Compound words (words with two parts) rule example For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part BLACKbird, GREENhouse For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part bad-TEMpered, old- FASHioned For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part to underSTAND, to overFLOW
- 13. Word Stress Quiz 1 Can you pass me a plas/tic knife? 2 I want to take a pho/to/graphy class. 3 Chi/na is the place where I was born. 4 I can't de/cide which book to borrow. 5 Do you un/der/stand this lesson? 6 Sparky is a very hap/py puppy. 7 It is cri/ti/cal that you finish your essay. 8 My Grandfather wears an old/-fash/ioned coat. 9 There is a lot of traf/fic on the highway today. plas to chi cide stand hap cri fash traf