Lesson 1
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1. The earliest humanlike creatures appeared in Africa 3 to 5 million years ago, and Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago. 2. Early humans started using tools around 1-2 million years ago in Africa, Europe, and Asia, and the earliest remains of modern humans emerged around 100,000 years ago. 3. Around 5,000 years ago, a more complex way of life developed in some parts of the world, as humans learned to cultivate plants, herd animals, build pottery for storage, increase harvests, and establish irrigation. They began building towns, cities, industries, and developed writing systems - marking the birth of civilization.
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This document provides an overview of early human societies from prehistory to around 2500 BCE. It discusses the evolution of early hominids in Africa like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens developed language and bigger brains, allowing them to migrate throughout Africa and Eurasia. The document then covers the Paleolithic period, where humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and the Neolithic period, where the agricultural revolution occurred and led to more permanent settlements and the rise of social hierarchies.
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2. During the Paleolithic period from 250,000 to 9,000 BCE, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies and were dependent on their environment for survival.
3. Around 9,000 BCE, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans in the Fertile Crescent developed practices like planting seeds and domesticating animals, allowing for more settled lifestyles and population growth.
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The document discusses the origins of modern humans. It describes two main models - the multiregional model which suggests simultaneous evolution in different parts of the world, and the Out of Africa model which explains a common origin from a small population in Africa around 200,000 years ago that then spread to other continents. Genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome support the Out of Africa model with a recent African origin for all humans between 100,000-200,000 years ago.
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This document provides an overview of world history from prehistory to the Neolithic Revolution. It describes how prehistory is defined as before writing began 5000 years ago. During the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age, 2.5 million to 8000 BC), the earliest tools date back to this era. The Great Leap Forward around 50000 BC saw innovations like fish hooks, arrows, and art emerge. The New Stone Age (Neolithic Age, 8000 to 3000 BC) saw developments like polished tools, pottery, crop growing, and animal domestication. The Neolithic Revolution around 10000 years ago involved the domestication of plants and animals, leading to urbanization, social hierarchies, and population growth.
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This document discusses theories about human origins, including creationism, evolution, and anthropology. It describes the emergence of two groups - polygenists who believed scientific inquiry should prevail over the Bible, and monogenists who defended the Bible's validity. The document outlines evolutionary theories including Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It describes early hominids like Australopithecus and Homo species, and identifies Homo sapiens as the only surviving human species with two main types, Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. Other origin theories like theistic evolution and Raelism are also mentioned.
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- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
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1.0 Introduction
2.0 Evolutionary Theory
3.0 Process of Evolution
4.0 History of Human Evolution
5.0 Paleoanthropology
6.0 Evidence of Evolution
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6.2 Evidence from comparative anatomy
6.3 Evidence from comparative embryology
6.4 Evidence from comparative morphology
6.5 Evidence from vestigial organs
6.6 Genetics
6.7 Evidence from Molecular Biology
6.8 Evidence from the Fossil Record
7.0 Divergence of the Human Clade from other Great Apes
8.0 Anatomical changes
8.1 Anatomy of bipedalism
8.2 Encephalization
8.3 Sexual dimorphism
8.4 Other changes
9.0 Genus Homo
10.0 Homo Sapiens Taxonomy
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Chapter 1 GS9
Early humans like Homo habilis and Homo erectus developed tools and migrated throughout Africa and Eurasia. As humans like Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago, they began controlling fire, domesticating animals, and developing language and art. Around 12,000 years ago, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans transitioned to farming and created permanent settlements, leading to population growth and the rise of early civilizations with advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and technology.
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This document provides an overview of world history from prehistory to the Neolithic Revolution. It describes how prehistory is defined as before writing began 5000 years ago. During the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age, 2.5 million to 8000 BC), the earliest tools date back to this era. The Great Leap Forward around 50000 BC saw innovations like fish hooks, arrows, and art emerge. The New Stone Age (Neolithic Age, 8000 to 3000 BC) saw developments like polished tools, pottery, crop growing, and animal domestication. The Neolithic Revolution around 10000 years ago involved the domestication of plants and animals, leading to urbanization, social hierarchies, and population growth.
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Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
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1. The document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and traces the development of early human species from 3.75 million years ago to present day according to the fossil evidence. It describes several early hominin species including Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Neanderthals, Homo sapiens, and Cro-Magnon.
2. Key developments in early humans included increasing brain size, bipedalism, tool use, control of fire, burial of the dead, and the spread of Homo sapiens out of Africa to Europe, Asia, and Australia.
3. The document divides current human populations
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Neanderthals were the first human species identified by scientists in 1856. They evolved to be adapted to cold environments with short, stocky bodies. Neanderthals cared for sick and injured members of their group, and evidence suggests they had basic medical knowledge and engaged in cultural practices like painting. Cro-Magnons, found in France in 1868, were early modern humans who made burial art, fire-based hunting techniques, and ceremonial practices. Homo sapiens, emerging around 300,000 years ago, had larger brains and more sophisticated culture and technology, including advanced stone tools, musical instruments, shelters, and burial rituals, representing more complex cognition and symbolism.
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The document summarizes research on human evolution from early hominids like Australopithecus to modern Homo sapiens. It discusses topics like the incomplete fossil record, disagreements around hominid species numbers and timelines, and key species like Australopithecus afarensis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. Comparisons are made between skeletal structures, brain sizes, and pelvises of different hominids to illustrate anatomical changes over time.
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Human evolution is the evolutionary process leading up to the appearance of modern humans. It is the process by which human beings developed on Earth from now-extinct primates. It involves the lengthy process of change by which people originated from apelike ancestors. The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, ethology, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics. Scientific evidence shows that the physical and behavioural traits shared by all people originated from apelike ancestors and evolved over a period of approximately six million years.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Evolutionary Theory
3.0 Process of Evolution
4.0 History of Human Evolution
5.0 Paleoanthropology
6.0 Evidence of Evolution
6.1 Evidence from comparative physiology
6.2 Evidence from comparative anatomy
6.3 Evidence from comparative embryology
6.4 Evidence from comparative morphology
6.5 Evidence from vestigial organs
6.6 Genetics
6.7 Evidence from Molecular Biology
6.8 Evidence from the Fossil Record
7.0 Divergence of the Human Clade from other Great Apes
8.0 Anatomical changes
8.1 Anatomy of bipedalism
8.2 Encephalization
8.3 Sexual dimorphism
8.4 Other changes
9.0 Genus Homo
10.0 Homo Sapiens Taxonomy
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The document provides a brief history of humankind, noting key events like the evolution of Homo genus 2.5 million years ago, daily fire use 300,000 years ago, the cognitive revolution 70,000 years ago, and the agricultural revolution 10,000 years ago which led to permanent settlements. It notes that for over 2.5 million years, humans lived as hunter-gatherers in small bands, but that the last 10,000 years since the agricultural revolution represents only 0.004% of that time, not enough to fully evolve for modern civilization, so we need new tools to adapt. It concludes by calling the reader to be an entrepreneur and have fun.
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The document discusses biocultural evolution and early hominids. It describes Darwin's theory of natural selection and how early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism. It then outlines some of the main hominid species, including Homo habilis which used tools for scavenging, Homo erectus which existed around 1.8 million years ago and moved from Africa to Asia, and Homo sapiens which evolved from Homo erectus around 500,000-200,000 years ago.
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Evolution of human settlement - 01 : Understanding the History!
Evolution of human settlement - 01 : Understanding the History!
Similar to Lesson 1
Chapter 1 GS9
Early humans like Homo habilis and Homo erectus developed tools and migrated throughout Africa and Eurasia. As humans like Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago, they began controlling fire, domesticating animals, and developing language and art. Around 12,000 years ago, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans transitioned to farming and created permanent settlements, leading to population growth and the rise of early civilizations with advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and technology.
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This document discusses the origins of human history, beginning with early hominins in Africa millions of years ago. Key developments that laid the foundations for modern humans included increased brain size, language, tool use, and gender roles. Around 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and later migrated worldwide. Evidence suggests religion and culture predate recorded history. The Neolithic Revolution around 12,000 years ago marked the transition to agriculture and settlement, allowing larger human populations to form. Domestication of plants and animals in locations worldwide was a major part of this transition.
1 earliest human societies
1. Early humans evolved in Africa and migrated throughout the world over millions of years, developing larger brains and culture.
2. During the Paleolithic period from 250,000 to 9,000 BCE, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies and developed art, music, tools, and spiritual beliefs.
3. Around 9,000 BCE, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans in the Fertile Crescent domesticated plants and animals, leading to permanent settlements and specialized labor, as well as growing social hierarchies and complexity.
Paleolithic Era vs Neolithic Revolution
Early humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers during the Paleolithic Era. They traveled in groups of 20-30 people and constantly moved to find new sources of food. The discovery of fire allowed early humans to cook food for the first time and migrate to colder areas. Nomadic groups built temporary dwellings near water sources and migrated when food supplies ran low in an area.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics - Biological Evolution
This is a powerpoint presentation of one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. For this powerpoint, this serves as a presentation about the topic of the definition and timeline of human biological evolution.
Introduction & The Ancient World
This document provides an overview of early human history and civilization. It discusses the differences between prehistory and history, and defines key terms like culture, civilization, archaeology, and artifacts. The Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages are summarized. During the Paleolithic, humans were hunter-gatherers who developed tools and fire. The Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons inhabited Europe and developed art. In the Neolithic, humans transitioned to farming and settled into early villages which led to specialization of skills and development of governance and religion.
West asia
The document discusses the development of early human civilizations in the Ancient Near East. It notes:
- Jericho (c. 8000 BCE) and Çatal Hüyük (c. 6700-5700 BCE) were among the earliest Neolithic settlements, practicing agriculture.
- The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flooded regularly, depositing rich soil and requiring irrigation systems. Uruk emerged as one of the earliest cities.
- The Sumerians arrived c. 4000 BCE and established independent city-states like Ur and Uruk. They were later conquered by the Akkadians and Amorites.
- The Hittites also established an empire in
Ap world history – strayer unit 1 overview
This document provides an overview of early world history from the emergence of humankind to the development of civilizations. It discusses how hominids evolved in Africa around 5-6 million years ago and began migrating from Africa around 2 million years ago. Around 11,000 years ago, the agricultural revolution began as some hominid groups started domesticating plants and animals, allowing for population growth and division of labor. Some of the first complex civilizations emerged around 3500 BCE in river valleys and dominated the globe until the post-1000 CE era. Civilizations laid the foundations for modern empires, religions, technologies, and social inequalities.
Early Man to First Civilizations
The Paleolithic and Neolithic periods saw major changes in human societies and the development of agriculture. During the Paleolithic, humans migrated worldwide and used fire and an increasing variety of tools as hunter-gatherers. In the Neolithic, settled agriculture emerged in many regions in response to warming climates. This Neolithic Revolution led to transformed societies with increased populations, more complex economies, social hierarchies, and specialized roles. River valley civilizations subsequently developed with defining elements like cities, centralized governments, writing systems, organized religions, and specialized jobs.
Ch. 1 beginnings of civilizations
1. Early humans began developing agriculture and domesticating animals around 10,000 years ago, leading to more reliable food sources and the growth of larger, permanent settlements.
2. The first civilizations arose near fertile river valleys and had characteristics like cities, organized government, formalized religion, social classes, record keeping, and architecture. They were centered around places like Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China.
3. Civilizations changed over time due to factors such as environmental influences, trade and cultural diffusion, and conflicts over scarce resources, which led to expansion, migration, and conquest.
History of Stone Age
The Mesolithic Age occurred between 10,000-8,000 BCE. During this time, humans moved out of caves and began building huts. They invented new stone tools like bows and arrows for hunting and boats for fishing. Humans also began domesticating wolves, which eventually became dogs. Societies grew larger and people started making pottery and jewelry. However, humans still maintained a nomadic lifestyle, hunting and gathering food and then migrating to new areas once resources were depleted.
First Man to First Civilizations
The document summarizes the transition from early hunter-gatherer societies in the Paleolithic period to the first civilizations in the Neolithic period. In response to warming climates around 10,000 years ago, settled agriculture began developing in several regions, marking the Neolithic Revolution. This transition led to increased population, more complex social hierarchies and economies, specialized labor, and the emergence of the first civilizations with cities, centralized governments, writing systems, and organized religions.
Sapiens
The book reviews the history of humankind from the evolution of Homo sapiens in East Africa to modern times. Key points include:
1) Homo sapiens evolved in East Africa but also encountered other human species like Neanderthals. The cognitive revolution led to language development and cooperation that allowed sapiens to dominate the food chain.
2) The agricultural revolution saw the independent development of farming in different regions and led to population growth and settlement as people no longer had to hunt.
3) As societies grew, imagined concepts like religion, money, and political power helped large numbers of humans cooperate and unified cultures into empires.
2Part 1 ▪ First Things FirstChapter 1 • First Peoples7.docx
2
Part 1 ▪ First Things First
Chapter 1 • First Peoples
7
Part One
First Things First
Beginnings in History, to 500 b.c.e.
Chapter 1—First Peoples: Populating the Planet, to 10,000 b.c.e.
Chapter 2—First Farmers: The Revolutions of Agriculture, 10,000 b.c.e.–3000 b.c.e.
Chapter 3—First Civilizations: Cities, States, and Unequal Societies, 3500 b.c.e.–500 b.c.e.
Outline: The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History
I.
The Emergence of Humankind
A.
Most scholars in the post-Darwinian world regard human beginnings in the context of biological change.
1.
archeologists and anthropologists believe that the lines of descent leading to Homo sapiens and chimpanzees diverged around 5 million–6 million years ago
2.
hominid family emerged in eastern and southern Africa, with 20–30 different related species
a.
they were bipedal (walked on two legs)
B.
The hominids developed over time.
1.
brain size increased
2.
around 2.3 million years ago, Homo habilis began to use stone tools
3.
by 1 million years ago, some hominid species, especially Homo erectus, began to migrate from Africa
a.
knew how to use fire
C.
Of the hominid species, only Homo sapiens still survives.
1.
emerged in Africa around 250,000 years ago; around 100,000 years ago began to migrate beyond Africa
II.
The Globalization of Humankind
A.
Initial migrations from Africa took place in the Paleolithic Era.
1.
gatherers and hunters
2.
Paleolithic era continued until around 11,000 years ago
a.
the Paleolithic era accounts for over 90 percent of human time on earth
b.
accounts for about 12 percent of the total number of people who have lived
B.
No other large species created homes in every environmental niche as Homo sapiens did.
1.
slowly developed technology
2.
slowly imposed meaning through art, ritual, and religion
III.
The Revolution of Farming and Herding
A.
6.2 billion people in the world today; almost all live from domesticated plants and animals.
B.
Domestication first occurred in several regions about 11,000 years ago.
1.
it was the most significant and enduring transformation of humankind
2.
provided the foundation for almost all subsequent change
3.
the period from 11,000 years ago to around 1750 c.e. can be regarded as a single age—the age of agriculture
4.
allowed for a large increase in the human population
C.
Food production laid the foundation for enduring divisions within human communities.
1.
some regions were luckier in terms of climate and plants/animals available for domestication
2.
the Americas were disadvantaged by the lack of large animals to be domesticated
3.
in the Afro-Eurasian world, conflicts between agriculturalists and pastoralists became an enduring pattern
IV.
The Turning Point of Civilization
A.
The most prominent human communities that emerged were “civilizations”: societies based in cities and governed by powerful states.
B.
Almost everyone in the world now lives in a state wit.
prehistory-160107201447 (1).pptx
The document summarizes prehistory from the emergence of early human ancestors around 5 million years ago until the development of writing around 5,000 years ago. It is divided into three periods: the Paleolithic Age (hunting and gathering), Neolithic Age (beginning of agriculture and settlements), and Metal Ages (use of metals). Early humans progressed from Australopithecus and Homo habilis, who made tools, to Homo erectus, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens. During the Paleolithic people lived nomadically in caves and huts, made stone tools, controlled fire, and created cave art. In the Neolithic people transitioned to farming, raising livestock, and
Early Man Notes
Early humans lived in nomadic hunter-gatherer clans, using stone tools and living in caves. Around 10,000 years ago, some groups transitioned to agriculture and settled in permanent villages along river valleys, where they could farm crops and domesticate animals. This led to population growth and specialization of labor, with some people becoming artisans, priests, or traders. River valleys like Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley became early centers of civilization.
Paleolitic and Neolitic
The document summarizes prehistoric human development from the earliest human ancestors around 5 million years ago until the development of writing around 5,000 years ago. It describes the major periods of the Palaeolithic Age (stone age), Neolithic Age (new stone age), and Metal Ages. During the Palaeolithic, early humans like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens lived as hunter-gatherers. In the Neolithic, humans transitioned to agriculture and settled into villages. The Metal Ages saw the development of tools and objects from copper, bronze, and iron.
June 27 live lesson content
1) Early river valley civilizations emerged around 3500 BC along major rivers such as the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, and Huang He where irrigation and flood control made agriculture productive.
2) These early civilizations, including Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China, established social patterns like hereditary rulers and rigid class systems as well as political structures like city-states, kingdoms, and empires.
3) They developed economic specialization, trade networks, and some of the world's first cities, as well as early forms of writing like pictograms, hieroglyphics, and cuneiform.
STRAND 1 PEOPLE POPULATION AND RELATIONSHIPS.pptx
The document summarizes the scientific theory of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It describes 7 main stages of evolution:
1) Early hominids like Australopithecus that lived 4-2 million years ago
2) Homo habilis that made tools 2 million years ago
3) Homo erectus that invented fire and made advanced tools 1 million years ago
4) Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens that developed culture and art 50,000 years ago
5) The development of modern Homo sapiens sapiens in the last 15,000 years
The document outlines key physical and cultural changes at each stage, such as biped
UCS&P: Paleolithic vs Neolithic
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. signifies more advanced problem-solving skills.
- Social hierarchy and organization. Roles like leaders, craftspeople, traders indicate division of labor and more intricate social structures.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems demonstrate surplus production and leisure time for non
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Lesson 1
- 1. Chapter 1 The Birth Of Civilization
- 2. Introduction to Subject • Overview about civilization. • Scientists estimated that the earth may be 6billion years old. • First humanlike creatures appeared in Africa Perhaps 3 to 5 million year ago. • About 1 to 2 million years ago human started to us tool mostly in Africa, Europe and Asia. • Homo sapiens, probably emerged 200,000 years ago. • Earliest remains of Modern humans emerged about 100,000 years ago. • Earliest humans lived by hunting, fishing, and collecting wild plants. • Early humans learned to cultivate plants, herd animals and make airtight pottery for storage. • Around 5,000 years ago more complex way of life appeared in some parts of the world. Humans learned to increase harvest, populations and irrigation. • They built towns, cities and introduced industries, commerce, social division, religion and writing systems. These changes marked birth of civilization.
- 3. 1:First humanlike creatures appeared in Africa Perhaps 3 to 5 million year ago.
- 4. 2: About 1 to 2 million years ago human started to use tool mostly in Africa, Europe and Asia. Task: List some modern tools.
- 5. 3:Homo sapiens, probably emerged 200,000 years ago. • Homo sapiens is the latin word “ man” or scientific name (Homo is the Human genus sapiens (Wise) is the only surviving species.
- 6. 4. Earliest remains of Modern humans emerged about 100,000 years ago. • Earliest modern human learned different activities like hunting, fishing and collecting wild plants. • Why? • Write some recent modern humans activities. (21st century).
- 7. 5. Earliest humans lived by hunting, fishing, and collecting wild plants.
- 8. 6. Early humans learned to cultivate plants, herd animals and make airtight pottery for storage. Task: Write some airtight pottery for modern times:
- 9. 7. Around 5,000 years ago more complex way of life appeared in some parts of the world. Humans learned to increase harvest, populations and irrigation.
- 10. 8. They built towns, cities and introduced industries, commerce, social division, religion and writing systems. These changes marked birth of civilization.
- 11. What is civilization? • The civilization is the latin word which comes from “townsman” or citizen, civis. (To be civilized “ townsman governed by set of rules(laws). • Definition: A human society that exists in a particular time and place, with a complex organization which includes political, social and cultural elements.
- 12. Group Discussion 5Minutes Discuss: what is the civilization?