Concept of teaching

1. Chapter No. 01
The Concept and Principles of Teaching
1.1 Concept of Teaching

2. Concept Of Teaching
• In previously, teaching meant nothing more than
mere “giving information and imparting
knowledge.
• Teaching was regarded as bipolar process
“teaching and the subject.”
• Child was ignored. No attention was given to his
needs and desires.
• Modern education has brought the child into
limelight. He stands at the focus of the educative
process.
2Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

3. Definition of Teaching
• Yoakam and Simpson
“ Teaching is the means where by the experienced
members of the group guide the immature and infant
members in their adjustment of life”.
• B.O.Smith
“Teaching is a system of actions intended to
produce learning.”
• H.C. Morrison
“Teaching is an intimate contact between a more
mature personality and a less mature one, which is
designed for the education of the later.”
3Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

4. Definition of Teaching
• Clarke
“ Teaching refers to activities that are designed and
performed to produce change in behavior.”
• Edmund Amidon
“As interactive process, primarily class room talk
which takes place between teacher and pupil and
occurs during certain definable activities”
• Burton
“Teaching is the stimulation, guidance, direction
and encouragement of learning”
4Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

5. Definition of Teaching
• T.F. Green
“Teaching is the task of teacher which is performed
for the development of a child”
• N.L. Gage
“Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence
aimed at changing the behavior potential of another
person”
• Brubacher
“An arrangement and manipulation of a situation
in which there are gaps and obstruction which an
individual will seek to overcome and from which he will
learn in the cause of doing so”
5Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

6. Definition of Teaching
• Hyman
“ Teaching involves a traid of elements ( the
teacher, the pupil, the subject matter) and this
traid is dynamic in quality”
• Hugh and Duncan
“Teaching is an activity- a unique,
professional, rational human activity in which one
creatively and imaginatively uses himself and his
knowledge to promote the learning and welfare
of others”
6Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

7. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
• Having considered a number of definitions of
teaching we are in a position to discuss the
various aspects of the true nature of teaching.
(1) Teaching- a Triangular Process
• The modern concept of the nature of teaching is
that it is triangular or tripolar process.
• The three focal points of this process are the
teacher, the child and the subject matter.
• There is a close relationship among the three; in
fact, teaching is the uniting force.
7Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

8. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(2) A Chain of Activities
• Teaching, in general, is not confined to a single act or
activity.
• It involves a chain of activities.
• The activities that comprise teaching are linked to one
another in a systematic manner.
• One activity leads to another till the goal is achieved.
(3) Causes Change in Behaviour
• The goal of all teaching is desirable change in behavior.
• This change in behavior is the result of various activities
performed during the course of teaching.
8Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

9. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(4) Intimate Contact
• According to Morrison, teaching is an intimate
contact between a mature person and an
immature one.
• Once this contact or link is established, the
resultant gain is in favour of the less mature
person, that is, the pupil.
• The positive change in behavior of the learners
will result from cordial relations between the
teacher and the taught.
9Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

10. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(5) Interactive Process
• Edmond Emidon calls teaching an Interactive
process while N.L. Gage calls it inter—personal
process. This is true.
• This means teaching is not a one—way traffic.
It is an interactive or interpersonal process.
• The teacher acts upon the pupils and is, in
turn, acted upon by them. Teaching is
modified in the light of pupil's reactions.
10Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

11. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(6) Teaching is giving Information
• There are so many things which the child does
not know or cannot know.
• It is, therefore, essential to provide some useful
knowledge to the child, keeping in view his needs
and capacities.
• It should be presented in a systematic and
interesting way. However, we cannot impart
knowledge to the child against his will. This
throws light on another aspect of teaching.
11Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

12. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(7) Teaching is Causing to Learn
• The child cannot be treated like an empty vessel
into which any type of information can be poured
down.
• We cannot force the child to learn. He will learn
only when he is willing tolearn.
• So the teacher is to make the child willing worker.
He is to help the child to learn for himself.
• He is a mere instrument in facilitating learning on
the part of the child.
12Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

13. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(8) Direction
• Teaching is direction. The learners are directed
towards the right ends.
• They are directed to do the right things so that
desirable changes occur in them.
(9) Encouragement
• Teaching is encouragement.
• Encouragement brings in confidence and
confidence leads to success in learning.
13Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

14. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(10) Teaching is Stimulating Learning
• The child will not automatically become willing to
learn.
• The teacher must think of ways and means of
stimulating and encouraging learning on the part
of children.
• He should arouse their interests and motivate
them to learn.
• He should create conditions in which they feel
the need to learn.
14Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

15. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(11) Teaching is Giving Guidance
• Simply arousing his interest and leaving the child to his
own efforts is not sufficient.
• The child may make random movements, resulting in
the sheer wastage of time.
• So he should be guided to do the right things in the
right manner and the right time.
(12) Leads to the Child Development
• Teaching which involves a large number of activities
leads to the child's all round development.
15Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

16. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(13) Arrangement and Manipulation of Situation
• Teaching causes learning. During the process, the teacher
is likely to face a number of obstructions which he must
overcome.
• For this purpose he requires to arrange and manipulate
situations in such a manner as to overcome the
obstructions. This is the view of Brubacher also.
(14) Professional Test
• Teaching is a profession and the act of teaching is a
professional activity.
• The purpose of this activity is the teacher's growth and
development.
16Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching

17. THE NATURE OF TEACHING
(15) Art as well as Science
• Teaching is an art as well as a science.
• The art of teaching brings into play the teachers'
inborn talents.
• It also calls for a human touch. The science of
teaching brings into play all that the teacher has
acquired during his training.
• This requires the display of teaching skill,
methods and techniques and procedures
required for introduction, development and
evaluation of lessons.
17Lecture No. 1 General Method of Teaching