This presentation describes the views of great thinkers and philosophers on teaching and nature of teachers.

1. VIEWS OF GREAT THINKERS
AND PHILOSOPHERS ON
TEACHING

2. MEANING OF TEACHING
• system of actions intended to induce learning
• function : impart knowledge, develop understanding and skill
• is a complex, goal oriented, multi-faceted activity
• events that are designed to bring about behavioural changes in
learners
• teaching is an internal process of learning

3. MEANING OF TEACHING
• is a formal process through which the teacher interacts with
the students to give what he/she wants the learners to learn
according to the learning needs
• is systematic way to attain some pre-determined objectives
• is an art based on the growing science

4. DEFINITIONS ON TEACHING
• “Teaching is a relationship which keeps the child to develop all his
powers.” – Ryburn
• “Teaching is a system of actions intended to produce learning.” - B.
O. Smith
• “Teaching is the task of teacher which is performed for the
development of the child.” - Thomas F. Green

5. DEFINITIONS ON TEACHING
• Teaching is the process of attending to people’s needs, experiences and
feelings, and making specific interventions to help them learn particular
things.
• Interventions - questioning, listening, giving information, explaining some
phenomenon, demonstrating a skill or process, testing understanding and
capacity, and facilitating learning activities (such as note taking, discussion,
assignment writing, simulations and practice).

6. VIEWS OF GREAT THINKERS AND PHILOSOPHERS
ON TEACHING

7. JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU’S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• childhood was sorrowful, as instruction was heartlessly
severe. Grammar was beaten into their memory.
• The only form of learning that teachers knew was learning
by rote.
• teaching - not in inculcating ideas, but providing
opportunities for the functioning of those activities that are
natural for each stage.
• Nature would teach the child. Nature has to be used by the
teacher as the main instrument in teaching the child.

8. VIEWS OF PLATO ON TEACHING
• the duty of the teachers to search for truth and
virtue.
• The teacher must know his or her subject.
• ‘knowledge will not come from teaching but from
questioning’.
• is in favor of education in a free atmosphere
without any compulsion or check.
• there should be no compulsion in teaching;
rather, it should be a sort of amusement.

9. JOHN DEWEY'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• Human beings learn through a 'hands-on' approach.
• Children should be allowed to explore their environment.
• deliver the content information, but simultaneously the students
work in groups exploring differing concepts within the content.
• may be written tests, but also there are student projects,
presentations, or other differentiated techniques of evaluation.
• children should not be allowed to do whatever they wish, but
the teacher should use his professional judgment to shape the
learning process.

10. MADAM MARIA MONTESSORI'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• Early years, from birth to six, are the most
formative but wasted not realizing the true
potential.
• Montessori environment must be structured,
prepared, aesthetically pleasing and child sized.
• The role of teacher - through observation the
teacher is able to push the student to higher levels
of thinking.
• She called teacher as directress.

11. MADAM MARIA MONTESSORI'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• Teacher: attractive, pleasing in appearance,
tidy and clean, calm and dignified. The
teacher’s appearance is the first step in gaining
the child’s confidence and respect.
• Teacher takes the role of the observer.
• Student’s gain knowledge through work and
play - teacher facilitate that process.
• Directress watches the children manipulate the
materials and only interjects when necessary.

12. FROEBEL'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• Founder of kindergarten.
• Education is growth from within. Education is to unfold the
child’s innate powers and awaken his spiritual nature.
• Teacher = gardener, whose function is to see that young
plants (small children) under her care grow according to
their own natural course of development.
• teacher is instructed not to distort the natural endowments,
powers and tendencies of children by undue and willful
interference in their activities.
• redirect the child’s growth to natural direction when the child
is going astray

13. VIEWS OF MAHATMA GANDHI ON TEACHING
• teacher backbone of education system. success or failure of
this system depends to a large extent on the community of
teachers.
• if a teacher works with sincerity, honesty and a sense of duty,
can bring about all-round development on the one hand and
contribute to harmony and peace in society and the nation
on the other.
• lay an example by leading a life with high standards of
morality and strong character.
• remember that wasting time is a sin; therefore, aware of his
duties towards students and society.

14. RABINDRANATH TAGORE’S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• freedom - basic guiding force for inculcating interest.
• teaching should be practical and real.
• teacher - continuous learner and dynamic in his efforts
to know the unknown and to let it be known to others.
• condemns a teacher who has lost the desire to know and
learn and only mechanically repeats his lessons.
• A mechanical teacher can never teach anything and can
never inspire, and without proper inspiration,
independent creative faculties of mind can never develop

15. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• present-day education has no definite goal to
pursue. a teacher, - has no clear idea about the goal
of his teaching.
• Vedanta: the essence of man lies in his soul.
• Education: ‘the manifestation of the divine perfection
that is already existent in man.’
• A child teaches itself. Knowledge comes out of its
own nature the duty of a teacher is to take away the
obstacles and loosen the soil a little, so that it may
come out easily. Put a hedge round it; see that it is
not killed by anything, and there the work of a
teacher stops.

16. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA’S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• No one can teach anybody. The teacher spoils
everything by thinking that he is teaching.
Vedanta says that within man is all knowledge
and it requires only an awakening, and that
much is the work of a teacher.

17. J.KRISHNAMOORTHY'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• human mind is deeply conditioned by thought.
• the existing systems of education all over the world
are faulty for they have not been aiming at creating
a free and holistic human being, but they are busy
in deeply conditioning the students in accordance
with the sick and rotten social structure of totally
materialistic values like possession of power, wealth,
position and prestige.
• The teachers are moulding the student’s mind
according to their own wish and will. Teachers
should transform themselves before transforming
the students.

18. J.KRISHNAMOORTHY'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• It is not enough if the teachers impart knowledge to the
students, they should understand the truth and help the
students understand it.
• Teachers should live as human beings without images
and labels.
• If a teacher has not been rightly educated what can he
teach except the same mechanical knowledge on which
he himself has been brought up?
• Unless teachers are philosophers, education cannot
accomplish the task of changing man and society.

19. SRI AUROBINDO'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• real education should provide a free and creative
environment to the child and develop his interest, creativity,
mental, moral and aesthetic senses fully and finally leads to
the development of his spiritual powers.
• Aurobindo stated three principles of teaching they are:
1. Nothing can be taught, but everything can be learned.
2. Mind has to be consulted in its growth.
3. Work from near to far, from the known to unknown.
• The teacher should be a philosopher and a guide to the
students and make them explore the unknown.
• real teacher is within the learner.

20. DR. RADHAKRISHNAN'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• Education as the instrument for social, economic and cultural
change.
• Duty of education is not only to impart knowledge and skill,
but also should help us to live with others.”
• “Teacher is the corner stone of the arch of education”.
• Without quality and effective teachers the educational
institution, curriculum, teaching aids, Educational planning
etc. are meaningless.
• He warned against idolizing teachers as gurus and becoming
a congregation of faith without openness of mind. He
encouraged the students to question and criticize their
teachers.

21. DR. RADHAKRISHNAN'S VIEWS ON TEACHING
• According to Radhakrishnan a true
teacher always helps the students to think
and should widen their knowledge.
• A good teacher must know how to arouse
the interest of the pupil in the field of study
for which he is responsible.
• He must himself be a master in the field of
study and be in touch with the latest
developments in the subjects, he must
himself be a fellow traveller in the pursuit
of knowledge.