Lecture 23 Bordetella
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This document discusses the genus Bordetella, which includes three pathogenic species - B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. B. pertussis causes whooping cough in humans. It is a small, Gram-negative coccobacillus that is an aerobic pathogen. It produces virulence factors like pertussis toxin and tracheal cytotoxin that allow it to bind to and destroy ciliated epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. Diagnosis involves bacterial culture or detecting antigens in samples. Treatment is usually erythromycin antibiotics. Vaccination provides effective control of over 90% through adsorbed vaccines containing the three major agglutinogens.
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Bordetella
- Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis). It is highly contagious and affects mostly children.
- B. pertussis has various virulence factors like pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin that allow it to attach to and damage respiratory epithelial cells.
- Whooping cough presents as a catarrhal stage with maximum infectivity followed by paroxysmal stage with violent coughing spells and characteristic whooping sound when inhaling.
- Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture on Bordet-Gengou medium, and immunofluorescence or slide ag
Bordetella,
Bordetella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes three human pathogens: B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. B. pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough) in humans. The bacteria are small, aerobic, non-fermentative, and fastidious. They produce several virulence factors like pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin that contribute to pathogenesis. Pertussis has an incubation period of 1-2 weeks and presents as a catarrhal stage followed by paroxysmal coughing spells characterized by a "whoop". It is highly contagious and vaccine-preventable
Bordetella mine
The document discusses the bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica, which was discovered in 1906 and causes respiratory disease in various animal species. It describes the characteristics, species, virulence factors, cell structure, ecology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis and treatment of B. bronchiseptica infections. Key points include that it is a gram-negative bacterium that infects the respiratory tract of animals like dogs, pigs, and rabbits, causing diseases like kennel cough. Its virulence is regulated by temperature-sensitive gene expression and it uses adhesins and toxins to infect hosts. Diagnosis involves culturing samples and PCR techniques, while treatment involves antibiotics and vaccines.
Bordetella spp.
Bordetella pertussis was first observed in 1900 by Bordet and Gengou in the sputum of an infant with whooping cough. It took them six years to develop Bordet-Gengou medium to successfully isolate and culture the bacterium. B. pertussis causes the highly contagious respiratory disease pertussis (whooping cough), especially in infants. It produces several virulence factors like pertussis toxin and tracheal cytotoxin that damage the respiratory epithelium and cause symptoms. Diagnosis involves culturing on Bordet-Gengou medium or PCR. Azithromycin treatment reduces symptoms but not the course of disease. Pertussis vaccination with acellular DTaP
Bordetella
Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is highly communicable through respiratory droplets. It causes a prolonged cough illness in three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Vaccination has reduced cases but it remains a threat, especially in infants. Treatment involves antibiotics and prevention involves vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines. Good hygiene is important to prevent spread between individuals.
Bordetella pertussis depa
Bordetella pertussis is a small, gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough. It colonizes the cilia of the respiratory epithelium and produces several toxins that damage cilia and cause symptoms. Pertussis has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. It is diagnosed through culture or PCR of nasopharyngeal secretions. Treatment involves erythromycin, though it may only impact the catarrhal stage. Immunization with whole-cell or acellular pertussis vaccines can prevent the disease.
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This document provides information on the Bordetella genus of bacteria, including B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. avium. It describes their morphology, culture characteristics, virulence factors, mechanisms of infection, clinical manifestations of whooping cough caused by B. pertussis, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Key points include that B. pertussis causes the most common form of whooping cough in humans and produces virulence factors like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin that contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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This document discusses Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. It describes B. pertussis as an aerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus in the Alcaligenaceae family that is specific to humans and colonizes the respiratory tract, causing whooping cough. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. The document outlines the virulence factors of B. pertussis including adhesins, toxins, and discusses pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin in more detail. Laboratory culture, prevention via vaccination, and antibiotic treatment of B. pertussis are also summarized.
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- Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis). It is highly contagious and affects mostly children.
- B. pertussis has various virulence factors like pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin that allow it to attach to and damage respiratory epithelial cells.
- Whooping cough presents as a catarrhal stage with maximum infectivity followed by paroxysmal stage with violent coughing spells and characteristic whooping sound when inhaling.
- Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture on Bordet-Gengou medium, and immunofluorescence or slide ag
Bordetella,
Bordetella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes three human pathogens: B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. B. pertussis causes pertussis (whooping cough) in humans. The bacteria are small, aerobic, non-fermentative, and fastidious. They produce several virulence factors like pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin that contribute to pathogenesis. Pertussis has an incubation period of 1-2 weeks and presents as a catarrhal stage followed by paroxysmal coughing spells characterized by a "whoop". It is highly contagious and vaccine-preventable
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Bordetella spp.
Bordetella pertussis was first observed in 1900 by Bordet and Gengou in the sputum of an infant with whooping cough. It took them six years to develop Bordet-Gengou medium to successfully isolate and culture the bacterium. B. pertussis causes the highly contagious respiratory disease pertussis (whooping cough), especially in infants. It produces several virulence factors like pertussis toxin and tracheal cytotoxin that damage the respiratory epithelium and cause symptoms. Diagnosis involves culturing on Bordet-Gengou medium or PCR. Azithromycin treatment reduces symptoms but not the course of disease. Pertussis vaccination with acellular DTaP
Bordetella
Whooping cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. It is highly communicable through respiratory droplets. It causes a prolonged cough illness in three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Vaccination has reduced cases but it remains a threat, especially in infants. Treatment involves antibiotics and prevention involves vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines. Good hygiene is important to prevent spread between individuals.
Bordetella pertussis depa
Bordetella pertussis is a small, gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough. It colonizes the cilia of the respiratory epithelium and produces several toxins that damage cilia and cause symptoms. Pertussis has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. It is diagnosed through culture or PCR of nasopharyngeal secretions. Treatment involves erythromycin, though it may only impact the catarrhal stage. Immunization with whole-cell or acellular pertussis vaccines can prevent the disease.
Bordetella
This document provides information on the Bordetella genus of bacteria, including B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. avium. It describes their morphology, culture characteristics, virulence factors, mechanisms of infection, clinical manifestations of whooping cough caused by B. pertussis, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Key points include that B. pertussis causes the most common form of whooping cough in humans and produces virulence factors like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin that contribute to disease pathogenesis.
Bordetella and vibrio
This document discusses Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. It describes B. pertussis as an aerobic, Gram-negative coccobacillus in the Alcaligenaceae family that is specific to humans and colonizes the respiratory tract, causing whooping cough. Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets. The document outlines the virulence factors of B. pertussis including adhesins, toxins, and discusses pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin in more detail. Laboratory culture, prevention via vaccination, and antibiotic treatment of B. pertussis are also summarized.
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This document discusses Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the bacteria that causes diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) caused by Bordetella pertussis. It covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria and pertussis. It also discusses the diphtheria and pertussis vaccines, including vaccine formulations, efficacy, recommendations for use in adolescents and adults, and potential adverse reactions.
Bordetella class notes
The document discusses three bacterial pathogens: Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularensis, and Brucella species. B. pertussis causes whooping cough or pertussis in humans. F. tularensis causes tularemia and is transmitted by ticks or contact with infected animals. Brucella species cause brucellosis, a disease transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact or consumption of contaminated dairy products. All three bacteria are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens.
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Bordetella pertussis is an aerobic, non-spore forming, Gram negative coccobacillus (Shumilla et al., 2004). It has no known reservoir other than humans and is thought to be unable to survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time (Merkel, 1998). The Bordetella genus of the Alcaligenaceae family is comprised of seven different species, four of which cause upper respiratory tract infections in different host organisms (Babu et al., 2001). Bordetella parapertussis is the most closely related to Bordetella pertussis . It can cause a milder pertussis-like disease in humans, but Bordetella pertussis is the most serious human pathogen in this genus (Babu et al., 2001). B. pertussis invades its human host through entry into the respiratory tract where it colonizes to cause whooping cough, also known as pertussis, which was at one time a very common and potentially life threatening infection for children (Steele, 2004). Today, whooping cough still effects 20-40 million people worldwide each year and causes between 200,000-400,000 fatalities (Shumilla et al., 2004). The image on this slide shows the B. pertussis after Gram staining.
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Pertussis is an infectious disease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium, which was first isolated in 1906. The bacteria attaches to respiratory cilia and produces toxins that paralyze the cilia, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract and difficulty expelling pulmonary secretions. It is a highly contagious disease transmitted through coughing or sneezing within close contact, and has an incubation period of 7-10 days followed by three illness stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal cough, and convalescence.
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Pertussis also known as “whooping cough” is a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.
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This document provides information about Bordetella pertussis and whooping cough. It discusses how B. pertussis was identified in 1900 by Jules Bordet and Gengou as the bacteria that causes whooping cough. It describes the symptoms and stages of whooping cough including the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages. It also discusses how whooping cough can be diagnosed through culture, PCR, or serological testing and treated through vaccination with the DTaP vaccine.
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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. The disease was a major cause of childhood deaths before vaccination. While vaccination programs reduced cases, pertussis is reemerging, especially in adolescents and adults. This is likely due to waning vaccine-induced immunity and adaptation of B. pertussis strains to vaccines. Improved vaccines that protect for longer are needed to better control whooping cough.
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This document summarizes information about Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria that causes whooping cough. It describes the characteristics of B. pertussis, including its gram-negative coccobacillary morphology, capsule presence, culture characteristics as an obligate aerobe that grows on Bordet-Gengou agar. It also discusses the bvg locus that controls virulence factors, antigenic structures like pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, and the pathogenesis of whooping cough. Clinical findings include catarrhal and paroxysmal cough stages. Diagnostic tests and treatment with erythromycin are also summarized.
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis, or whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious and can cause serious illness, especially in infants. The disease progresses through catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages. Symptoms include intense coughing fits that can end in a "whooping" sound. Treatment focuses on hydration and rest. Universal childhood vaccination against pertussis significantly reduced cases, though neither natural infection nor vaccines provide lifelong immunity. Booster shots are recommended to maintain protection against this respiratory illness.
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This document discusses diphtheria, an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It produces an exotoxin that can cause local infection in the throat and airways and lead to complications affecting the heart, kidneys and nerves if the toxin spreads systemically. Clinical manifestations depend on the site of infection and may include pseudomembrane formation. Diagnosis involves culture, microscopy and toxin testing. Treatment is with antitoxin to neutralize the toxin as well as antibiotics. Active immunization with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DwPT or TdaP) provides protection.
Bordetella pertusis
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough. It is a highly contagious Gram-negative bacterium that infects the respiratory tract. The infection progresses through three stages including a catarrhal stage with cold-like symptoms, a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits, and a convalescent stage with decreasing symptoms. The bacteria adhere to host cells using adhesins like filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin. It produces pertussis toxin and other virulence factors that damage tissues and disrupt immune function. Vaccination is effective for prevention, while antibiotics can treat the infection. Complications can be serious, especially in young infants.
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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Its virulence factors include adhesins and toxins like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin. Expression of virulence factors is controlled by the bvg locus. Whooping cough was a major cause of childhood death before vaccination. While vaccination decreased cases, pertussis is reemerging as vaccine-induced immunity wanes and the bacteria adapts to vaccines through antigenic divergence. Improved vaccines are needed to address ongoing problems with pertussis vaccination and control.
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1) Diphtheria and pertussis are acute infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis respectively. Both diseases are vaccine preventable and capable of outbreaks.
2) Diphtheria presents as membranous sore throat and can affect other sites. Pertussis has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal coughing, and convalescence. Complications can be serious.
3) Control relies on early detection, isolation, treatment, and immunization. Cases and carriers of diphtheria require treatment and surveillance. Contacts of both diseases may need prophylactic antibiotics or immunization depending on vaccination status
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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits that end in a "whooping" sound as the person inhales. The disease progresses through three stages - a catarrhal stage with mild symptoms lasting 1-2 weeks, followed by a paroxysmal stage of severe coughing fits for 2-4 weeks, and finally a convalescent stage of recovery over 1-2 weeks. Pertussis is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Treatment involves antibiotics and isolation of infected individuals. Vaccination provides effective protection.
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Bordetella pertussis is a small, Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium that causes whooping cough (pertussis). It produces several toxins, including pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin, which increase intracellular cAMP levels and disrupt cell signaling. Pertussis toxin also inhibits the immune response. B. pertussis colonizes the respiratory tract and causes a severe cough that often ends in a "whooping" sound. Whooping cough is highly contagious and prevents by vaccination.
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The document discusses three bacterial pathogens: Bordetella pertussis, Francisella tularensis, and Brucella species. B. pertussis causes whooping cough or pertussis in humans. F. tularensis causes tularemia and is transmitted by ticks or contact with infected animals. Brucella species cause brucellosis, a disease transmitted from infected animals to humans through contact or consumption of contaminated dairy products. All three bacteria are Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens.
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Bordetella pertussis is an aerobic, non-spore forming, Gram negative coccobacillus (Shumilla et al., 2004). It has no known reservoir other than humans and is thought to be unable to survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time (Merkel, 1998). The Bordetella genus of the Alcaligenaceae family is comprised of seven different species, four of which cause upper respiratory tract infections in different host organisms (Babu et al., 2001). Bordetella parapertussis is the most closely related to Bordetella pertussis . It can cause a milder pertussis-like disease in humans, but Bordetella pertussis is the most serious human pathogen in this genus (Babu et al., 2001). B. pertussis invades its human host through entry into the respiratory tract where it colonizes to cause whooping cough, also known as pertussis, which was at one time a very common and potentially life threatening infection for children (Steele, 2004). Today, whooping cough still effects 20-40 million people worldwide each year and causes between 200,000-400,000 fatalities (Shumilla et al., 2004). The image on this slide shows the B. pertussis after Gram staining.
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Pertussis is an infectious disease caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacterium, which was first isolated in 1906. The bacteria attaches to respiratory cilia and produces toxins that paralyze the cilia, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract and difficulty expelling pulmonary secretions. It is a highly contagious disease transmitted through coughing or sneezing within close contact, and has an incubation period of 7-10 days followed by three illness stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal cough, and convalescence.
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This document provides information about Bordetella pertussis and whooping cough. It discusses how B. pertussis was identified in 1900 by Jules Bordet and Gengou as the bacteria that causes whooping cough. It describes the symptoms and stages of whooping cough including the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages. It also discusses how whooping cough can be diagnosed through culture, PCR, or serological testing and treated through vaccination with the DTaP vaccine.
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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. The disease was a major cause of childhood deaths before vaccination. While vaccination programs reduced cases, pertussis is reemerging, especially in adolescents and adults. This is likely due to waning vaccine-induced immunity and adaptation of B. pertussis strains to vaccines. Improved vaccines that protect for longer are needed to better control whooping cough.
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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is highly contagious and can cause serious illness, especially in infants. The disease progresses through catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages. Symptoms include intense coughing fits that can end in a "whooping" sound. Treatment focuses on hydration and rest. Universal childhood vaccination against pertussis significantly reduced cases, though neither natural infection nor vaccines provide lifelong immunity. Booster shots are recommended to maintain protection against this respiratory illness.
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This document discusses diphtheria, an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It produces an exotoxin that can cause local infection in the throat and airways and lead to complications affecting the heart, kidneys and nerves if the toxin spreads systemically. Clinical manifestations depend on the site of infection and may include pseudomembrane formation. Diagnosis involves culture, microscopy and toxin testing. Treatment is with antitoxin to neutralize the toxin as well as antibiotics. Active immunization with diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine (DwPT or TdaP) provides protection.
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Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough. It is a highly contagious Gram-negative bacterium that infects the respiratory tract. The infection progresses through three stages including a catarrhal stage with cold-like symptoms, a paroxysmal stage with severe coughing fits, and a convalescent stage with decreasing symptoms. The bacteria adhere to host cells using adhesins like filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin. It produces pertussis toxin and other virulence factors that damage tissues and disrupt immune function. Vaccination is effective for prevention, while antibiotics can treat the infection. Complications can be serious, especially in young infants.
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Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that causes whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. It colonizes the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Its virulence factors include adhesins and toxins like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin. Expression of virulence factors is controlled by the bvg locus. Whooping cough was a major cause of childhood death before vaccination. While vaccination decreased cases, pertussis is reemerging as vaccine-induced immunity wanes and the bacteria adapts to vaccines through antigenic divergence. Improved vaccines are needed to address ongoing problems with pertussis vaccination and control.
Diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough)
1) Diphtheria and pertussis are acute infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis respectively. Both diseases are vaccine preventable and capable of outbreaks.
2) Diphtheria presents as membranous sore throat and can affect other sites. Pertussis has three stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal coughing, and convalescence. Complications can be serious.
3) Control relies on early detection, isolation, treatment, and immunization. Cases and carriers of diphtheria require treatment and surveillance. Contacts of both diseases may need prophylactic antibiotics or immunization depending on vaccination status
20 s2. tuberculosis, diptheria
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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by severe coughing fits that end in a "whooping" sound as the person inhales. The disease progresses through three stages - a catarrhal stage with mild symptoms lasting 1-2 weeks, followed by a paroxysmal stage of severe coughing fits for 2-4 weeks, and finally a convalescent stage of recovery over 1-2 weeks. Pertussis is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Treatment involves antibiotics and isolation of infected individuals. Vaccination provides effective protection.
Pertussis
Bordetella pertussis is a small, Gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium that causes whooping cough (pertussis). It produces several toxins, including pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin, which increase intracellular cAMP levels and disrupt cell signaling. Pertussis toxin also inhibits the immune response. B. pertussis colonizes the respiratory tract and causes a severe cough that often ends in a "whooping" sound. Whooping cough is highly contagious and prevents by vaccination.
power point
This document discusses different vaccines such as the polio, DPT, and MMR vaccines. It explains that vaccines contain weak versions of viruses or bacteria to help the body build immunity against diseases without causing illness. The polio vaccine was invented by Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin to prevent polio, while the DPT vaccine protects against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The MMR vaccine provides immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella. Vaccines are given through injections or orally to safely help the body prevent infectious diseases.
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Pertussis, or whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is spread through direct contact or droplets from coughing. The disease has an incubation period of 6-20 days and is classically divided into 3 stages - catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Infants under 1 year old make up 50-70% of diagnosed cases and can develop severe complications like apnea, pneumonia, seizures or death. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. The pertussis vaccine is effective for at least 5 years in preventing the disease.
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- Brucella is a genus of Gram-negative, intracellular coccobacilli that are the cause of brucellosis, a zoonotic disease affecting various animals and transmissible to humans.
- It is characterized by non-specific flu-like symptoms like fever, sweats, fatigue and joint pain. If left untreated it can lead to complications affecting the osteoarticular, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
- Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or ingestion of contaminated animal products like unpasteurized milk. Laboratory workers are also at risk of acquiring brucellosis. Diagnosis involves culture, serology and PCR testing of blood or tissues. Treatment consists of
Bordetella
Bordetella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that includes several species that cause respiratory illnesses. B. pertussis is the primary cause of whooping cough in humans, characterized by severe coughing fits ending in a high-pitched inhale. It produces several virulence factors like pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin that allow it to attach to and damage respiratory cells. Whooping cough is most common in children and spreads through respiratory droplets. It is diagnosed through culture or PCR and treated with macrolides. Vaccines containing pertussis antigens have greatly reduced cases. Other Bordetella species mainly affect animals but can occasionally infect humans.
Gram positive and gram negitive bacteria
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Management of multi drug resistant tuberculosis
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Whooping cough | pertussis ( medical information ) - a detailed study
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. In many people, it's marked by a severe hacking cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like "whoop." Before the vaccine was developed, whooping cough was considered a childhood disease.
this chart comprises all the major aspects of whooping cough / pertussis
please comment
thank u
Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium tetani is the causative organism of tetanus. It is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus found in soil and the intestines of humans and animals.
- The organism produces a powerful neurotoxin called tetanospasmin which causes the symptoms of tetanus by blocking inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord, resulting in muscular rigidity and spasms.
- Tetanus is diagnosed clinically and confirmed by culturing C. tetani from a wound. Treatment involves controlling spasms, maintaining airway, administering human tetanus immunoglobulin and antibiotics while actively immunizing to prevent future illness.
Zoonotic diseases by dr abhishek jain
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Tuberclasis
The document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including:
- TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through airborne droplets.
- Risk factors include substance abuse, HIV infection, and being a child under 5 years old.
- Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing and sputum culture. Treatment consists of a multi-drug regimen over 6-9 months.
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Brucella antigen &
Brucella are gram-negative bacteria that were first isolated in 1887. Major species include B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis. Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans from infected animals that causes undulant fever and abortion in livestock. Diagnosis relies on serological tests that detect antibodies to Brucella antigens, including the Rose Bengal test, Standard Agglutination Test, and Indirect Coombs test. Lipopolysaccharide is a major virulence factor and different Brucella species contain different amounts of A and M antigens, affecting their pathogenicity.
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (Brucella spp.)
This document provides information about Brucella species, which are gram-negative coccobacilli that cause the zoonotic disease brucellosis. It discusses the taxonomy and clinically relevant species of Brucella, which are B. melitensis, B. suis, B. abortus, and B. canis. The document also summarizes the transmission, clinical manifestations, laboratory identification and serological testing of Brucella, including microscopic appearance, culture characteristics, biochemical tests and the Rose Bengal test.
Bacterial diseases 2011
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, commonly known as pneumococcus, is a gram-positive bacterium that is a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. It was first observed in 1881 and its relationship to pneumonia was established in 1886. It is a lancet-shaped diplococcus that appears in pairs and is encapsulated. Pneumococcus can be identified through its morphology, culture characteristics, and reactions like optochin sensitivity and bile solubility. It is a human pathogen that can cause diseases like pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. Vaccines like PCV7 for children and PPV23 for adults help prevent pneumococcal infections.
Similar to Lecture 23 Bordetella (20)
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bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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Whooping cough | pertussis ( medical information ) - a detailed study
Whooping cough | pertussis ( medical information ) - a detailed study
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Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Patients-Libya
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PCR detection of virulence factors in Escherichia coli-Tripoli-Libya
This study analyzed virulence factors and phylogenetic grouping of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infections in Tripoli, Libya. Using PCR, the study found that E. coli from diabetics contained fewer virulence genes and were more commonly in phylogenetic group A, while E. coli from non-diabetics contained more virulence genes and were more commonly in group D. E. coli resistant to ciprofloxacin also more commonly fell into group A. The study concludes that E. coli causing UTIs in diabetics are generally less virulent than in non-diabetics, and that virulence factors differ between the two host populations.
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Foodborne illnesses in developing countries
This document summarizes pathogens associated with foodborne illnesses in developing countries. It notes that national surveillance programs are generally lacking in developing nations. The main pathogens discussed are bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli), viruses (Hepatitis A, Norovirus, Rotavirus) and parasites (Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium). Specific Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter serotypes found in different developing countries are also outlined. The document concludes by discussing sources and resistance of these pathogens.
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This document summarizes a study on enteric pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Tripoli, Libya. The study found that in addition to classical pathogens like Salmonella and rotavirus, emerging pathogens like norovirus, adenovirus, and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) are also important causes of childhood diarrhea in Tripoli. Cryptosporidium, Campylobacter, and Aeromonas appear to play a minor role. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella was detected, which is a serious public health concern. More nationwide studies are needed to better understand the roles and prevalence of different enteric pathogens causing pediatric diarrhea in Libya.
Diarrhea in Libyan children presentation
The document summarizes research on childhood diarrhea in Libya. It finds that viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens are important causes, with rotavirus, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium as major agents. Misuse of antibiotics in Libya has led to increased drug resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from diarrhea cases. Recommendations include educational programs to promote oral rehydration and breastfeeding, as well as considering introduction of a rotavirus vaccine.
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Urinary Tract Infection in Diabetic Patients-Libya
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Lecture 23 Bordetella
- 1. ‫بسم ا الرŘمن الرŘيم‬ GENUS: BORDETELLA Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh
- 2. Small, Gram-negative coccobacilli Strict aerobes. X and V factors not required for growth Three species: –B. pertussis, –B. parapertussis –B. bronchiseptica
- 5. Scanning electron micrograph of Bordetella bronchiseptica
- 6. Bordetella pertussis Whooping Cough – Paroxysmal coughing Require blood, or starch or charcoal for growth – Bordet-Gengou medium (BGM) Strict aerobe Optimal temp. > 35-36oC
- 7. ANTIGENICITY 3 Major Agglutinogens >1, 2 and 3 Detected by using adsorbed, single-agglutinin sera 3 serotypes pathogenic to man – Type 1,2 – Type 1,3 – Type 1,2,3 All 3 have a role in immunity
- 8. Virulence Factors Pertussis toxin (PT): an exotoxin which enters target cells and activates their production of cAMP, a molecule that acts as a second messenger in cell protein synthesis regulation Tracheal cytotoxin: causes ciliated epithelial cell destruction Hemoagglutinin: a cell surface protein which helps the bacterium bind to the host cell surface
- 9. PATHOGENESIS highly contagious bacterium Non-invasive disease Man > only natural host Incubation period >> 1-2 weeks Enters respiratory tract via inhalation > binds to and destroys the ciliated epithelial cells of the trachea and bronchi. Symptoms last for many weeks
- 10. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 1. Bacterial Culture: Specimen: – Pernasal swab on flexible wire – Specimens on several successive days> higher isolation rates. – Transport media should not be used Culture: – Immediately on BGM – Incubate for at least 1 week Identification: – Serological
- 11. 2. Detection of Bacterial Antigens Bordetella antigens in serum and urine using specific antiserum Immunofluorescence Technique: – Bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions labelled with fluoresceinconjugated antiserum > examined with ultraviolet microscopy. 3. Detection of Bordetella Antibody: Sera and nasopharyngeal secretions examined for Ab > Agglutination Tests, ELISA
- 14. TREATMENT Erythromycin –For 2 weeks –May reduce the severity of illness if given before paroxysmal stage. –No clinical effect when the infection is established –May be given to protect nonvaccinated infants
- 15. CONTROL Vaccination: – Safe and >90% effective. – Adsorbed vaccine (i.e. with adjuvant). - Contains all 3 agglutinogens. - Minimum 3 doses. - Minor adverse reactions: - Erythema and local swelling, slight feverishness - Possible neurological sequelae - Acellular pertussis vaccine
- 16. Bordetella parapertussis –a respiratory pathogen that can cause mild pharyngitis. Bordetella bronchiseptica –a cause of pneumonia, otitis media, and other respiratory infections in animals.