Bangalore Call Girls Marathahalli 📞 9907093804 High Profile Service 100% Safe
New Emerging Enteric Pathogens-Aeromonas as a Model
1. New Emerging Enteric Pathogens in
Developing Countries:
Aeromonas in Libya as a Model
Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh1, Amal Rahouma1,
and Ezzedin Franka2
Departments of Microbiology and Immunlogy1 and
Family and Community Health2,
Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University,
Tripoli-Libya
2. Introduction
• Diarrheal diseases are major cause of
morbidity and mortality in children under 5
years old.
• According to the World Health Organization
(WHO) nearly 5 million children die due to
diarrheal disease annually, with most deaths
occur in developing countries.
3. Enteric agents associated with
children diarrhea
Agents
Classic
New emerging
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bacteria:
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Enteropathogenic E. coli
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Aeromonas
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Enteroadherent E. coli
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Viral:
Rotavirus
Norwalk virus
Adenovirus
Astrovirus
Norovirus
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Parasitic:
Entamoeba histolytca
Cryptosporidium
Giardia lamblia
4. Aeromonas spp.
• Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria.
• Associated with gastroenteritis in children less
than five years of age.
• Associated with food-borne and water-borne
outbreaks as well as nosocomial outbreaks.
5. Aeromonas spp.
• Taxonomy:
– Family Aeromonadeceae.
– At least 14 phenospecies and genospecies
(hybdridization groups [HG]).
– A. hydrophila, A. caviae and A. veronii bv sobria
(A. sobria) predominates in clinical, food and
water samples.
8. Prevalence of Aeromonas in Libyan children
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patients
No.
tested
No. (%)
Positive
157
157
24(15)
28(18)
Children (Benghazi, 1996-1997):
- with diarrhea
356
- without diarrhea
100
0(0.0)
0(0.0)
Children (Zliten, 2000-2001)
-with diarrhea
169
9(5.0)
Children (Tripoli, 2008):
- with diarrhea
122
3(2.5)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Children (Tripoli, 1992-1993):
- with diarrhea
- without diarrhea
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Distribution of Aeromonas species among
patients and controls
No. (%) belonging to the following Aeromonas species:
Subjects
No.
hydrophila veronii
tested
caviae
schubertii
Total
bv sobria
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Patients
157
5(3.2)
8(5.1)
13(8.3)
1(0.6)
27(17.2)
Controls
157
9(5.7)
7(4.5)
17(10.8)
2(1.2)
35(22.3)
________________________________________________________
10. Haemolytic and haemagglutination activities of Aeromonas species
isolated from children with diarrhea (cases) and controls.
______________________________________________________________________
Subjects
No. strains
tested
Number of strains (%) positive for:
Haemolysin Haemagglutination
MS*
MR
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cases
27
11(41)
15(56)
7(26)#
Controls
35
11(31)
15(43)
1(3)
______________________________________________________________________
*MS= mannose sensitive; MR= mannose resistant.
#(P<0.01; Fisher's exact test).
17. New Emerging Enteric Pathogens in
Developing Countries
• The Future:
– Newer agents will continue to emerge.
– The morbidity and mortality associated
with children diarrhea will continue and
may get worst in many developing
countries due to new emerging enteric
pathogens.
• AIDS
18. New Emerging Enteric Pathogens
in Libya
• New emerging enteric pathogens are not uncommon in
Libya.
• Surveillance studies on such pathogens are needed in
the future to determine their prevalence in different
population groups particularly in the young, the old and
the immunocompromised.
• Also, surveillance studies are needed to determine the
prevalence of the new emerging enteric pathogens in
domestic animals, foods and waters.
• Joint surveillance programs with neighboring countries.
• Such surveillance studies will assist in determining their
mode of transmission, control, prevention and
treatment.
