The document discusses the role and types of operating systems. It states that an operating system acts as an interface between hardware and users, managing resources and coordinating activities. Operating systems handle hardware details, relieving applications from this task. Examples of operating systems include Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. The document outlines different types of operating systems including multiuser, multiprocessing, multitasking, and real-time operating systems. It also discusses traditional, web-based, and embedded computing environments that use operating systems.

1. Operating System
General
DIT Part 1
Lecture 2

2. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• An operating system is an interface between
hardware and user.
• An OS is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the
resources of the computer.
• The operating system acts as a host for
computing applications run on the machine.
• As a host, one of the purposes of an operating
system is to handle the details of the operation of
the hardware.
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3. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• This relieves application programs from having
to manage these details and makes it easier to
write applications.
• Almost all computers including handheld
computers, desktop computers,
supercomputers, video game consoles as well
as some robots, domestic appliances, and
portable media players use an operating
system of some type.
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4. Role of OS In Computing Environment
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5. Role of OS In Computing Environment
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6. Cloud Computing & OS
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7. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• The operating system of a large computer
system has even more work to do.
• Such operating systems monitor different
programs and users, making sure everything
runs smoothly, without interference, despite
the fact that numerous devices and programs
are used simultaneously.
• An operating system also has a vital role to
play in security.
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8. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• Its job includes preventing unauthorized users
from accessing the computer system.
• There are multiuser, multiprocessing,
multitasking, multithreading, and real-time
operating systems.
• A multiuser operating system enables multiple
users to run programs simultaneously. This
type of operating system may be used for just
a few people or hundreds of them.
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9. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• In fact, there are some operating systems that
are used to allow thousands of people to run
programs at the same time.
• A multiprocessing operating system allows a
program to run on more than one central
processing unit (CPU) at a time.
• This can come in very handy in some work
environments, at schools, and even for some
home-computing situations.
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10. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• Multitasking operating systems work a little
differently; they make it possible to run more
than one program at a time.
• Multithreading operating systems are even
more different, allowing varied parts of one
program to be used simultaneously.
• Real-time operating systems are designed to
allow computers to process and respond to
input instantly.
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11. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• Usually, general-purpose operating systems,
such as disk operating system(DOS), are not
considered real time, as they may require
seconds or minutes to respond to input.
• Real-time operating systems are typically used
when computers must react to the consistent
input of information without delay.
• For example, real-time operating systems may
be used in navigation.
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12. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• Today’s operating systems tend to have
graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that employ
pointing devices for input.
• A mouse is an example of such a pointing
device, as is a stylus.
• Commonly used operating systems for IBM-
compatible personal computers include
Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Unix
variations.
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13. Role of OS In Computing Environment
• For Macintosh computers, Mac OS X, Linux,
BSD, and some Windows variants are
commonly used.
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14. Computing Environments
• Traditional computing.
• Web-Based Computing.
• Embedded Computing.
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15. Traditional Computing
• Advancing technologies and falling prices
rapidly re changing what used to be
“traditional computing”.
• Not only are “enterprise” level functions being
pushed down to the PC level, but new
functions are being directly implemented in
the PC/micro-computers
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16. Traditional Computing
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17. Web-Based Computing
• Applications reside on Web servers, rather
than on end-users' workstations.
• These workstations, or appliances are
connected to secure servers in order to use
applications via web browsers.
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18. Web-Based Computing
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19. Embedded Computing
• Most prevalent form of computers in
existence: In automobiles, VCR’s, microwave
ovens.
• They do specific tasks, and associated systems
are primitive.
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20. Embedded Computing
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21. Assignment
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