Lecture 9
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This document discusses conditional operators in C programming. It defines conditional operators as ternary operators that take three arguments: an expression to evaluate, an expression to execute if the condition is true, and an expression to execute if the condition is false. It provides the syntax for conditional operators and explains that the first expression must evaluate to true or false, with true being a non-zero result and false being a zero result. An example is given to check if a number is odd or even using conditional operators. The document concludes by assigning students to create a flow chart for conditional operators.
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This document discusses security policies, which define how a company plans to protect its physical and IT assets. A security policy is a living document that is continuously updated. It may include an acceptable use policy, employee education plans, enforcement procedures, and effectiveness evaluations. The policy defines what it means to be secure for a system and ensures strong enforcement mechanisms. Access control, network security, user account, and other policies are discussed in detail across multiple pages.
Lecture 11 active directory
Active Directory is a directory service that provides centralized management of users, groups, computers, and other network resources. A server running Active Directory Domain Services is called a domain controller and authenticates users, enforces security policies, and manages software updates. Active Directory consists of multiple directory services including Domain Services, Lightweight Directory Services, Certificate Services, Federation Services, and Rights Management Services that provide functions like single sign-on, certificate issuance, and rights management.
Lecture 10 i pv4 & ipv6
The document discusses Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, including IPv4 and IPv6. It states that IP addresses are assigned to devices connected to a TCP/IP network and are used to locate and identify nodes. It provides examples of IP addresses in both IPv4 and IPv6 format. It describes that IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main Internet Protocol types, and that IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 due to the impending exhaustion of IPv4 addresses.
Lecture 9 file system
The document discusses key aspects of file systems in Microsoft Windows, including NTFS, file permissions, quotas, Volume Snapshot Service (VSS), and offline files. NTFS is the standard file system for Windows operating systems. It supports metadata and advanced data structures. File permissions in NTFS control user access to files through assigning read, write, delete, and other permissions to users and groups. Quotas limit disk space usage. VSS allows taking backups of files even when in use through shadow copies. Offline Files syncs files to allow access when offline.
Lecture 6 internet services in network
This document discusses various internet services in a network including firewalls, network registration, wireless connectivity, wired internet, virtual private networks, and IP address and hostname management. A firewall establishes a barrier between an internal trusted network and an external untrusted network like the internet to control incoming and outgoing traffic. Network registration involves domain registration through an authorized registrar and provides security, disk space, IP allocation, and other services. A virtual private network creates an encrypted tunnel between a remote user and a company's private network to securely transmit data.
Lecture 5 software to control network
Software defined networking is an approach that allows network administrators to programmatically control and manage network behavior dynamically through open interfaces. It provides an abstraction of lower-level network functionality. While OpenFlow was commonly used, many companies have adopted different techniques. The document also lists several free software tools that can be used to monitor and analyze networks, including GFI LanGuard, Microsoft Network Monitor, Nagios, and OpenNMS.
Lecture 4 sharing of resources on network
Shared resources refer to computer data, information, or hardware devices that can be accessed remotely through a local area network. Common shared resources include files, data, printers, scanners, and multimedia. Sharing allows for collaboration on projects by enabling easy modification and updating of documents and files without emailing large attachments. However, security mechanisms must be implemented to prevent unauthorized access, and clients must have compatible operating systems or applications to access shared resources across different networks.
Lecture 3 transmission media
This document discusses different types of transmission media used to transmit data in networks. It describes transmission media as the physical pathways that connect devices and transmit information through cables or electromagnetic signals. It outlines common wired media like twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optics, and wireless media like radio waves. For each type, it provides details on their composition, usage and advantages and disadvantages compared to other media. The document also discusses common network cable connectors like RJ45, RJ11 and BNC.
Lecture 2 protocol details
The document discusses network protocols and their layered structure. It describes the seven layers of the OSI reference model and four layers of the TCP/IP model. Each layer is responsible for different aspects of network communication. The physical layer deals with physical connections. The data link layer handles data transfer between devices. The network layer performs routing and logical/physical address translation. The transport layer ensures reliable delivery of packets. The session layer allows for communication sessions. The presentation layer handles data formatting. The application layer directly supports user applications. Protocols must be configured correctly for computers to communicate over a network.
Lecture 1 networking types roles
The document discusses different types of computer network topologies. It describes bus, star, ring, and mesh topologies, and provides details on how each is structured. It also lists advantages and disadvantages of each topology type. Bus topology connects all computers to a main cable. Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. Ring topology connects all devices in a circular loop. Mesh topology connects all devices to each other so there are multiple redundant connections between devices.
Lecture 12
The document discusses different types of standard library functions in C/C++ including arithmetic functions, trigonometric functions, and string functions. It provides details on common trigonometric functions like sin, cos, and tan as well as arithmetic functions such as abs, log, floor, pow, and sqrt. It also covers string functions strcat and strcmp. Examples are given for many of the functions and their usage and required header files are stated. The document is copyrighted by Tanveer Malik.
Lecture 11
This document discusses looping statements in C programming like break, continue, and preprocessor directives. It explains that break terminates loops immediately, continue skips statements, and preprocessor directives beginning with # instruct the compiler on pre-processing like text substitution before compilation. Preprocessor directives must start in the first column with # and include commands like #include, #define, #ifdef, and more.
Lecture 7
This document discusses various input statement functions in C programming. It covers the scanf(), gets(), getchar(), getch() and getc() functions. Scanf() is used to read numeric and string data from keyboard. Gets() reads a line from stdin and stores it in a string. Getchar() and getc() read a single character from stdin, with getchar() being equivalent to getc(stdin). Getch() is a non-standard function that reads a character without echoing it. The document provides the syntax and usage of each function.
Lecture 6
This document discusses various output statements in C programming including printf(), cout, clrscr(), putch(), putchar(), and puts(). It explains that output statements are used to send information to output devices. Specific functions covered include printf() for formatted output, cout for C++ output, clrscr() to clear the screen, putch() and putchar() for single character output, and puts() for string output. Format specifiers and escape sequences that can be used with these functions are also defined.
Lecture 5
The document discusses the sizeof operator in C/C++. It explains that sizeof returns the size of a data type or variable in integer format. It provides examples showing sizeof can be used with basic data types like char, int, float, and double to return their memory allocation sizes. The document also briefly mentions declaring variables, constants, and strings in C/C++.
Lecture 4
Here are the key data types in C/C++:
int - Stores integer values. Default size is usually 32 bits.
char - Stores a single character like 'a' or '5'. Size is usually 8 bits.
float - Stores fractional values. Size is usually 32 bits as per IEEE-754 standard.
double - Stores fractional values with higher precision than float. Size is usually 64 bits as per IEEE-754 standard.
void - Indicates no data type. Usually used for functions that don't return values.
bool - Stores true or false values. Size is usually 8 bits. Defined in <stdbool.h>.
Additional types include long, long long for larger integers.
Lecture 3
This document discusses different types of operators in C/C++ programming including arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It explains that operators are symbols that tell the compiler to perform mathematical or logical manipulations on data and variables. Tables are provided showing the different arithmetic, relational, and logical operators supported in C/C++ along with examples of how they would evaluate using sample variable values.
Lecture 2
The document discusses the basic elements of C/C++ programs including character sets, constants, variables, and data types. It notes that the character set includes alphabets, digits, special symbols, and white spaces. There are four main categories of characters: alphabets, digits, special symbols, and white spaces. Constants refer to fixed values and include integer, floating point, octal, hexadecimal, character, string, and backslash character constants. Variables are named locations in memory used to store and manipulate data, and each variable has a specific type like int or float.
Lecture 1
Computer programming involves analyzing problems, designing algorithms, and implementing solutions as programs in a programming language. C is a widely used programming language that was originally developed for writing operating systems. C++ builds on C by adding object-oriented programming features like classes, inheritance, and templates. Both C and C++ are commonly used to develop systems software like operating systems and drivers due to their high performance.
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Lecture 9
- 1. Computer Programming Decision Making DIT Part 1 Lecture 9
- 2. Transfer of Control Process Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 3. Transfer of Control Process Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 4. C Conditional Operators • They are also called as Ternary Operator . • They also called as ( ?: ) operator • Ternary Operators takes on 3 Arguments Syntax: expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3 Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 5. C Conditional Operators where • expression1 is Condition • expression2 is Statement Followed if Condition is True • expression2 is Statement Followed if Condition is False Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 6. C Conditional Operators Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 7. Meaning of Syntax • Expression1 is nothing but Boolean Condition i.e it results into either TRUE or FALSE. • If result of expression1 is TRUE then expression2 is Executed. • Expression1 is said to be TRUE if its result is NON-ZERO. • If result of expression1 is FALSE then expression3 is Executed. • Expression1 is said to be FALSE if its result is ZERO. Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 8. Live Example Check whether Number is Odd or Even Copyrights By Tanveer Malik
- 9. Assignment – Create flow chart for Conditional Operators