2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the class the student should be
able to:
1. Identify fundamentals of Operating Systems
2. Determine the different types of operating
systems
3. An Operating System (OS)
• is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and
provide common services for application software.
• The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a
computer system.
• Application programs require an operating system which are usually
separate programs but can be combined in simple systems.
• Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a
computer from cellular phones and video game consoles to
supercomputers and web servers.
5. Multi-user
• A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to
access a computer system concurrently.
• Single-user operating systems, as opposed to a multi-user
operating system, are usable by a single user at a time.
• Being able to use multiple accounts on a Windows
operating system does not make it a multi-user system.
Rather, only the network administrator is the real user.
6. Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking
• when only a single program is allowed to run at a
time, the system is grouped under a single-
tasking system.
• However, when the operating system allows the
execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is
classified as a multi-tasking operating system.
7. Distributed
• A distributed operating system manages a group of independent
computers and makes them appear to be a single computer.
• The development of networked computers that could be linked
and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
• Distributed computations are carried out on more than one
machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation, they
make a distributed system.
8. Embedded
• Embedded operating systems are designed to be used
in embedded computer systems.
• They are designed to operate on small machines like
PDAs with less autonomy.
• They are able to operate with a limited number of
resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient
by design.
10. DOS (Disk Operating System)
• was the first widely- installed operating system for
personal computers. It is a master control program
that is automatically run when you start your PC.
• DOS stays in the computer all the time letting you
run a program and manage files. It is a single-user
operating system from Microsoft for the PC.
• It was the first OS for the PC and is the underlying
control program for Windows 3.1, 95, 98 and ME.
Windows NT, 2000 and XP emulate DOS in order to
support existing DOS applications.
11. UNIX
• UNIX operating systems are used in widely-sold workstation
products from Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, IBM, and a
number of other companies.
• The UNIX environment and the client/server program model
were important elements in the development of the Internet
and the reshaping of computing as centered in networks
rather than in individual computers.
• Linux, a UNIX derivative available in both "free software" and
commercial versions, is increasing in popularity as an
alternative to proprietary operating systems.
12. Mac OS X
• The Macintosh (often called "the Mac"), introduced in 1984 by
Apple Computer, was the first widely-sold personal computer
with a graphical user interface (GUI).
• The Mac was designed to provide users with a natural,
intuitively understandable, and, in general, "userfriendly"
computer interface.
• This includes the mouse, the use of icons or small visual
images to represent objects or actions, the point-and-click and
click-and-drag actions, and a number of window operation
ideas.
13. • Microsoft was successful in adapting user interface concepts first
made popular by the Mac in its first Windows operating system.
• The primary disadvantage of the Mac is that there are fewer Mac
applications on the market than for Windows. However, all the
fundamental Commons.wikimedia.org Commons.
• wikimedia.org Commons.wikimedia.org 18 applications are available,
and the Macintosh is a perfectly useful machine for almost
everybody.
• Data compatibility between Windows and Mac is an issue, although
it is often overblown and readily solved.
14. LINUX
• Linux (or GNU/Linux) is a Unix-like operating system that
was developed without any actual Unix code, unlike BSD
and its variants. Linux can be used on a wide range of
devices from supercomputers to wristwatches.
• The Linux kernel is released under an open source
license, so anyone can read and modify its code. It has
been modified to run on a large variety of electronics.
15. • Although estimates suggest that Linux is used on 1.82%
of all personal computers, it has been widely adopted for
use in servers and embedded systems (such as cell
phones).
• Linux has superseded Unix in most places, and is used on
the 10 most powerful supercomputers in the world. The
Linux kernel is used in some popular distributions, such
as Red Hat, Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Google's
Android
16. Microsoft Windows
• Windows is a personal computer operating system from
Microsoft that, together with some commonly used
business applications such as Microsoft Word and Excel,
has become a de facto "standard" for individual users in
most corporations as well as in most homes.
• Windows contains built-in networking, which allows
users to share files and applications with each other if
their PCs are connected to a network.
17. • In large enterprises, Windows clients are often
connected to a network of UNIX and NetWare servers.
• The server versions of Windows NT and 2000> are
gaining market share, providing a Windows-only solution
for both the client and server.
• Windows is supported by Microsoft, the largest software
company in the world, as well as the Windows industry
at large, which includes tens of thousands of software
developers.
