Lecture 11

1. The document discusses thermodynamics of biological systems, including the phase rule, volume expansivity, isothermal compressibility, and the residual Gibbs energy. 2. It also covers Maxwell's equations relating changes in temperature, pressure, volume and entropy. 3. Equations are presented for the case of steady-state adiabatic flow in a horizontal pipe, relating changes in pressure, velocity, temperature and entropy to distance along the pipe.