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MATH 108
Sections 4.1-4.2
Exponential Functions
The term 27
is called a power. If a number is in exponential form, the
exponent represents how many times the base is to be used as a factor.
7
Exponent
Base
2
3
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
RULES OF EXPONENTS
Let a, b, x, and y be real numbers with a > 0
and b > 0. Then
,x y x y
a a a +
× =
,
x
x y
y
a
a
a
−
=
( ) ,
x x x
ab a b=
( ) ,
yx xy
a a=
0
1,a =
1 1
.
x
x
x
a
a a
−  
= =  ÷
 
10
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
EXAMPLE 6 Sketching Graphs
Use transformations to sketch the graph of each
function.
( ) 3 4x
f x = −a.
State the domain and range of each function and
the horizontal asymptote of its graph.
( ) 1
3x
f x +
=b.
( ) 3x
f x = −c. ( ) 3 2x
f x = − +d.
Note that the graph of ex
is between 2x
and 3x
,
because 2<e<3. In the first quadrant, 2x
<ex
<3x
;
in the second quadrant, 3x
<ex
<2x
.
All 3 graphs pass through (0,1).
( )
4
3 -1 2 1
3
Solve each exponential equation.
1
(a) 2 32 (b)x x x
x
e e
e
− −
= = ×
Solve:
17
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
EXAMPLE 8 Bacterial Growth
A technician to the French microbiologist Louis
Pasteur noticed that a certain culture of bacteria
in milk doubles every hour. If the bacteria count
B(t) is modeled by the equation
B t( ) = 2000 ×2t
,
a. the initial number of bacteria,
b. the number of bacteria after 10 hours; and
c. the time when the number of bacteria will be
32,000.
with t in hours, find
Find the amount A that results from investing a principal P of
$2000 at an annual rate r of 12% compounded continuously for
a time t of 3 years.

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Lecture 02
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Lecture 01 - Section 1.1 & 1.2 Row Operations & Row Reduction
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Lecture 20 fundamental theorem of calc - section 5.3
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Lecture 17 optimization - section 4.6
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Lecture 16 graphing - section 4.3
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Lecture 15 max min - section 4.2
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Lecture 13 applications - section 3.8
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Lecture 10 section 4.1 and 4.2 exponential functions

  • 2. The term 27 is called a power. If a number is in exponential form, the exponent represents how many times the base is to be used as a factor. 7 Exponent Base 2
  • 3. 3 © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved RULES OF EXPONENTS Let a, b, x, and y be real numbers with a > 0 and b > 0. Then ,x y x y a a a + × = , x x y y a a a − = ( ) , x x x ab a b= ( ) , yx xy a a= 0 1,a = 1 1 . x x x a a a −   = =  ÷  
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. 10 © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved EXAMPLE 6 Sketching Graphs Use transformations to sketch the graph of each function. ( ) 3 4x f x = −a. State the domain and range of each function and the horizontal asymptote of its graph. ( ) 1 3x f x + =b. ( ) 3x f x = −c. ( ) 3 2x f x = − +d.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Note that the graph of ex is between 2x and 3x , because 2<e<3. In the first quadrant, 2x <ex <3x ; in the second quadrant, 3x <ex <2x . All 3 graphs pass through (0,1).
  • 14.
  • 15. ( ) 4 3 -1 2 1 3 Solve each exponential equation. 1 (a) 2 32 (b)x x x x e e e − − = = ×
  • 17. 17 © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved EXAMPLE 8 Bacterial Growth A technician to the French microbiologist Louis Pasteur noticed that a certain culture of bacteria in milk doubles every hour. If the bacteria count B(t) is modeled by the equation B t( ) = 2000 ×2t , a. the initial number of bacteria, b. the number of bacteria after 10 hours; and c. the time when the number of bacteria will be 32,000. with t in hours, find
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Find the amount A that results from investing a principal P of $2000 at an annual rate r of 12% compounded continuously for a time t of 3 years.