This document contains slides from a lecture on research concepts. It defines what a researcher is, as well as different types of researchers like social scientists and clinical scientists. It also defines key terms like demography, census, indexes, and disciplines involved in research like psychology, philosophy, and records. Different fields of research are explored such as social sciences, management sciences, environmental sciences, and clinical research. Indexes for measuring economic indicators are also outlined such as the stock market index and consumer price index.

1. Slide # 1
Dr. Akhlas Ahmed
Nov 23rd, 2016
Lecture # 1
NILAT

2. Slide # 2
 What do you know about research?
 What are the basic research concepts?
 How you define the term research?
 What is a social research?
 What is a management research?
 What is an environmental research?
 What is a clinical research?
 What is a laboratory research?
 Psychological perspective in research.
 Philosophical perspective of research.
 Concept of demography in research.
 Concept of census in research.

3. Slide # 3
What do you say?
 The route to select a girl for marriage.
 The course to choice a dress for marriage.
 The method to assort a place for marriage
event.
What is your opinion about?
 Consumer Price Index (CPI)
 Retail Price index (RPI)
 Stock Market Index (SPI)
 Election Performance Index (EPI)

4. Slide # 4
Limelight to your intelligence!
 Who is a researcher?
 Who is a social scientist?
 Who is a clinical scientist?
 Who is an innovator?
 Who is an inventor?
Use your mental power!
 Psychology
 Philosophy
 Records

5. Slide # 5
A researcher is someone who conducts research. An
organized and systematic investigation into something
Scientists are often described as researchers.
Social scientist is someone who conducts research
in community. The study of how groups of people
behave, often in an effort to predict how they will
behave in the future.
The social sciences include history, anthropology,
political science, economics, sociology and aspects of
psychology.
Clinical scientist used R&D techniques through
equipment to help prevent, diagnose and treat
illness.
Innovator is a person who introduces new idea, new
methods, or improves on or makes a significant
contribution to an existing product, process or services.
Inventor is a person who creates a product or
introduces a process for the first time through
invention.

6. Slide # 6
Psychology is the scientific study of human
thought, feelings and behavior.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental
problems concerning matters such as existence,
knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
A research philosophy is a belief about the way in
which data about a phenomenon should be
gathered, analyzed and used.
Ancient Greco-Roman philosophy is a period of
Western philosophy, starting in the 6th century [c.
585] BC to the 6th century AD.
 It is divided into three periods
 Pre-Socratic period
 Ancient Classical Greek period of Plato and
Aristotle
 Post-Aristotelian (or Hellenistic) period
Record is an item or collection of data. E.g. are
births, marriages, immigrations, deaths etc. It is
available in bureau of statistics department.

7. Slide # 7
Social sciences are the scientific study of human
society and social relationships.
Management sciences are an interdisciplinary
study of problem solving and decision making in
human organizations, with strong links
to economics, business, engineering sciences.
Environmental sciences are interdisciplinary
academic field that integrates physical, biological
and informational sciences (including ecology,
biology, physics, chemistry, zoology, mineralogy,
oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology,
atmospheric science, and geodesy) to the study of
the environment, and the solution of environmental
problems.
Scientific research is a systematic way of gathering data,
a harnessing of curiosity. This research provides
scientific information and theories for the explanation of
the nature and the properties of the world. It makes
practical applications possible. It is methodical study in
order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question.
Finding a definitive answer is the central goal of any
experimental process. Research must be systematic and
follow a series of steps and a rigid standard protocol.

8. Slide # 8
Demography is the statistical study of populations,
especially human beings. It encompasses the study
of the size, structure and distribution of populations,
and spatial or temporal changes in them in response
to birth, migration, ageing, and death.
Demographic analysis can cover whole societies, or
groups defined by criteria such as education,
nationality, religion, and ethnicity.
Census is the direct method of collecting
demographic data. A census is usually conducted by
a national government and attempts to enumerate
every person in a country. (Census are poll through
survey)
Developing world countries used indirect methods
for data collection where full data are not available,
such as child birth rate, infant mortality rate etc.

9. Slide # 9
Stock Market Index is a measurement of the value
of a section of the stock market. It is computed from
the prices of selected stocks (typically a weighted
average). It is a tool used by investors and financial
managers to describe the market, and to compare
the return on specific investments.
Bullion Market Index is a gold or silver investment
where investor gets information before investing in
future businesses.
Consumer price index measures changes in
the price level of a market basket of consumer goods
and services purchased by households.
Producer Price Index measures the average change
over time in the selling prices received by domestic
producers for their output. The prices included in the PPI
are from the first commercial transaction for many
products and some services.
The International Price Program produces Import/
export price indexes (MXP) containing data on
changes in the prices of nonmilitary goods and
services traded between the U.S. and the rest of the
world.

10. Slide # 10
Employment Cost Index (ECI)
Economy Rankings Index (ERI)
Election performance index (EPI)
Academic Ranking of World University
The Good Country Ranking
Guinness book of records
Consumer Expenditure Survey and Personal
Consumption Expenditure (PCE) data
Q/A Session