The document provides details on lung anatomy: - Each lung is cone-shaped with an apex, base, and surfaces. The right lung is larger and has 3 lobes, while the left lung has 2 lobes. - The lungs are surrounded by pleura and situated in the thoracic cavity. They have fissures that divide them into lobes supplied by bronchial segments. - The root contains the bronchus, vessels, and nerves. Lymph drains through plexuses and nodes, and the lungs receive blood supply and innervation.

1. Lungs
Anatomy I (MSAT 213)
For PT & RC
Lecture (9)
Prepared by:
Dr. Kamal Motawei

2. Lungs
The lung is a soft and
spongy organ
It is very elastic; so if the
pleural cavity is opened, it shrinks
to 1/3 in volume.
The rt. lung is larger, broader &
shorter than the left lung.
Color: pink (in children) to
dark and mottled (in adults)
Position: the lungs lie on
either side of the mediastinum,
surrounded by the pleura

3. Lungs
Shape: each lung is
conical in shape, having:
Apex
Base
2 surfaces:
Mediastinal
surface
Costal surface
3 borders:
Anterior border
Posterior border
Inferior border

4. Lungs: shape
Apex of the lung:
It is blunt
It projects in the neck; about
one inch above the clavicle
It is covered with the
cervical pleura and the
suprapleural membrane.
Base of the lung:
It is concave and rests on the
corresponding dome of the
diaphragm.

5. Borders of the lungs:
Anterior border of the lung:
– It is Sharpe
– It lies in the costomediastinal
recess of the pleura.
– In the left lung: it shows
cardiac notch and lingula.
Posterior border of the lung:
– It is blunt and huge (it may be
called posterior surface)
– It occupies the paravertebral
gutter.
Inferior border of the lung:
– Sharpe and occupies the
costodiaphragmatic recess
during inspiration.

6. Surfaces of the lungs:
1) Costal surface of the lung:
– It is convex
– It faces the costal wall (ribs, costal cartilages intercostal spaces).

7. Surfaces of the lungs:
2) Mediastinal surface of the lung:
– It is concave
– It is molded to the mediastinal structures.
– At its middle, it shows the hilum of the lung through which the main
bronchus and neurovascular bundle pass to the lung representing the
root of the lung.

8. Lung: Hilum
Hilum of the lung:
It is the site where structures pass
to and from the lung.
It is situated on the middle of the
mediastinal surface of the lung
The hilum is the site where the
parietal pleura is reflected on the
root of the lung as a cuff to be
continuous with the visceral pleura.
This cuff of pleura is redundant
inferiorly, in the form of double
layers of pleura called pulmonary
ligament.

9. Lung: Root
Root of the lung:
It is the structures connecting the
lung to the mediastinum.
Contents of the root of lung:
– Main bronchus (usually the
right one divides before
entering the rt. lung)
– Bronchial vessels
– Pulmonary artery
– 2 Pulmonary veins
– Pulmonary nerve plexuses
– Bronchopulmonary lymph
nodes and lymphatics

10. Fissures of the Lungs:
Oblique fissure: it runs from
the inferior border upward and backward
across the medial and costal surfaces until it
cuts the posterior border 2 ½ inches below
the apex.
The horizontal fissure:
It follows the fourth intercostal space from
the sternum until it meets the oblique fissure
as it crosses rib V.
It is present in the rt. lung only.

11. Lobes of the lungs:
The right lung is
divided by the
oblique and
transverse fissures
into:
– Upper lobe
– Middle lobe
–– Lower lobe
The left lung is
divided by the
oblique fissure
into:
– Upper lobe
– Lower lobe
Each lobe has a secondary
bronchus.

12. Bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs:
A bronchopulmonary segment is
a functionally and structurally
independent unit .
It is pyramidal in shape with the
apex towards the root of the lung
and base towards the lung
surface.
Each bronchopulmonary segment
has: tertiary (segmental)
bronchus, branch of the pul. art,
pul. veins, lymphatics and
autonomic nerves.
Each bronchopulmonary segment
is surrounded by connective
tissue.

13. Bronchopulmonary segments of the lungs:
Bronchopulmonary segment of
the right lung:
– Superior lobe:
1) Apical, 2) posterior, 3) anterior
– Middle lobe:
4) lateral, 5) medial
–– Inferior lobe:
6) superior, 7) medial basal, 8) anterior basal
9) lateral basal, 10) posterior basal
Bronchopulmonary segment of
the left lung:
– Superior lobe:
1) Apical, 2) posterior, 3) anterior
4) Superior lingular, 5) inferior lingular
– Inferior lobe:
6) superior, 7) medial basal, 8) anterior basal
9) lateral basal, 10) posterior basal

14. Blood supply of the Lungs:
Bronchial arteries:
They are branches of the descending aorta.
They supply:
1)The bronchial tree, 2) the connective tissue
stroma , 3) visceral pleura
Bronchial veins:
They drain into the azygos and
hemiazygos veins
Pulmonary arteries:
Each lung receives one pulmonary artery.
Its terminal branches supply the aveoli
with deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins:
After oxygenation of the blood in the
alveolar capillaries, oxygenated blood
leaves the lungs via two pulmonary
veins.
The tributaries of the pulmonary veins
pass through the intersegmental septa.

15. Lymph drainage of the lungs
Deep lymph plexus (around the
bronchi pul. vessels) drains into
the pulmonary L.N. close to the
hilum, then to the
bronchopulmonary L.N. in the
hilum, then bronchomediastinal
lymph trunk, then right lymph
trunk or thoracic duct.
Superficial lymph plexus
(under the visceral pleura) drains
into the bronchopulmonary L.N.

16. Nerve supply of the lungs
Pulmonary plexus: in
the root of the lung
receives branches
from the sympathetic
trunk and the vagus
nerve.

17. Pleura lung
Surface marking

18. Lungs: surface anatomy