Introduction to Analog and Digital Systems - Basic definition, Representation, Examples and applications of Analog and Digital Systems - Advantages of Digital system over Analog system - Process of conversion from Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog signal - Digitization Examples - Signal representation of voltage and current in terms of Binary values - Representations of Binary quantities using different terminologies - IC Complexity classification - IC Layout - Development of ICs in terms of size
Classification of signals and systems as well as their properties are given in the PPT .Examples related to types of signals and systems are also given .
Classification of signals and systems as well as their properties are given in the PPT .Examples related to types of signals and systems are also given .
Signals and Systems: Energy and Power Signalsnishtha97
This is a presentation which covers the basic information and knowledge about the types of signals: Energy and power signals. Hope you find it useful. :)
Presentation on various logic families like RTL, DTL, TTL, IIL etc with diagram, advantages and limitations plus some basic concepts like fan out, noise margin, propagation delay.
Number Systems - Arithmetic Operations - Binary Codes- Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates - Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra - Boolean Functions - Canonical and Standard Forms - Simplification of Boolean Functions using Karnaugh Map - Logic Gates – NAND and NOR Implementations.
The content is related to Analog electronics. The prEsentation contains ADC process, Sampling and holding, Quantizing and encoding, Flash ADC, Pipeline ADC etc.
Two port network parameters, Z, Y, ABCD, h and g parameters, Characteristic impedance,
Image transfer constant, image and iterative impedance, network function, driving point and
transfer functions – using transformed (S) variables, Poles and Zeros.
Logic Gates
This information sheet purposes to explain details on logic gates. The emphasis is on the operation, application and troubleshooting of logic gates. The relationship of input and output waveforms of a gate using timing diagram and truth table are thoroughly covered.
Signals and Systems: Energy and Power Signalsnishtha97
This is a presentation which covers the basic information and knowledge about the types of signals: Energy and power signals. Hope you find it useful. :)
Presentation on various logic families like RTL, DTL, TTL, IIL etc with diagram, advantages and limitations plus some basic concepts like fan out, noise margin, propagation delay.
Number Systems - Arithmetic Operations - Binary Codes- Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates - Theorems and Properties of Boolean Algebra - Boolean Functions - Canonical and Standard Forms - Simplification of Boolean Functions using Karnaugh Map - Logic Gates – NAND and NOR Implementations.
The content is related to Analog electronics. The prEsentation contains ADC process, Sampling and holding, Quantizing and encoding, Flash ADC, Pipeline ADC etc.
Two port network parameters, Z, Y, ABCD, h and g parameters, Characteristic impedance,
Image transfer constant, image and iterative impedance, network function, driving point and
transfer functions – using transformed (S) variables, Poles and Zeros.
Logic Gates
This information sheet purposes to explain details on logic gates. The emphasis is on the operation, application and troubleshooting of logic gates. The relationship of input and output waveforms of a gate using timing diagram and truth table are thoroughly covered.
Clock gating is an effective method of reducing the dynamic power consumption in synchronous circuits.
One of the ways to achieve this is by masking the clock that goes to the idle portion of the circuit. In This paper
we will present a comparative analysis of existing clock gating techniques on some synchronous digital design
like ALU (Arithmetic logical unit) etc. Also a new clock gating technique that provides more immunity to the
existing problem in available technique. In new proposed clock gating the Gated Clock Generation Circuit is using
tri state buffer and Gated logic is used which is created by the combination of double gated (AND, OR, AND
logic gate) with bubbled input respectively. This circuit saves power even when Target device's clock is ON. All
experiments are done on Xilinx14.1 EDA tool. Mentor Graphics Model SIM. For power calculation we are using
XPOWER. Sparten-3 (90nm) FPGA platform is used for result and analysis. The proposed design will reduce the
hardware complexity with approximately 10-20%. Similar clock power complexity will reduce with 5-10%.
Keywords — Tri state buffer; VLSI; Xilinx; glitches; hazards;Sparten.
One of the leading branches of engineering, Instrumentation engineering deals in mechanics and operation of measuring instruments. This type of engineering has a major role in the industries which have automated processes. For example, chemical and manufacturing industries. The role of engineers in this field is to ensure stability, reliability, safety, and enhanced productivity.
Instrumentation engineering covers various topics and subjects from other branches of engineering, which makes it a different course in the field of engineering. Students who prefer to study diverse subjects should opt for this branch of engineering. Ekeeda offers Online Instrumentation Engineering Courses for all the Subjects as per the Syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. IntroductiontoAnalogandDigitalSystems
FacultyofEngineering-UCP
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Basic Definition of Analog System
An Analog System or quantity is one having continuous values.
A nominal continuous electrical signal that varies in amplitude or
frequency in response to changes in sound, light, heat, position or pressure
is called analog signal and the system based on this type of signal is called
Analog System.
OR
An Analogue quantity is one having a continuous set of values.
OR
In an analog system, the quantities can vary over a continuous range
of values. Most things that can be measured quantitatively appear in
nature in analog form.
3. IntroductiontoAnalogandDigitalSystems
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We live in an analog world (continuous)
Analog signals are continuous in nature
• Smooth transition over a period of time
• Represent a physical quantity or phenomenon
• e.g. temperature of a cup of tea being boiled
Basic Definition of Analog System (Cont.)
6. IntroductiontoAnalogandDigitalSystems
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Basic Definition of Digital System
A circuit designed to respond at input voltages at one of a finite number of
levels and, similarly to produce output of a finite number of levels is
called digital system. And a digital quantity is one having a discrete set of
values.
OR
A digital quantity is one having a discrete set of values. In these systems
the values are not defined at every point rather on discrete points.
OR
A Digital quantity is one having a discrete set of values. A Digital
quantity is often a sampled analogue quantity.
Examples of Digital Systems are Digital Computers; Digital Telephone
switching exchanges, Digital voltmeter, Frequency counter,
Calculators etc.
9. IntroductiontoAnalogandDigitalSystems
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Advantages of Digital System
An increasing majority of applications in electronics as well as in most
other technologies use digital techniques to perform operations that
were once preformed using analog methods. The main reasons to use
the digital technology are:
Digital system is generally easier to design.
Information storage is easier in Digital Systems.
Accuracy and precision are greater.
Operation can be easily programmed.
Digital circuits are less affected by noise.
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Disadvantage of Digital System
There is really only one major drawback when using
Digital System techniques:
The real world is mainly Analog.
Most physical quantities are Analog in nature, and it is
these quantities that are often the inputs and outputs that
are being monitored, operated on, and controlled by a
system.
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Process of Conversion from a Analog-to-Digital
(ADC) and Digital to Analog (DAC) Signal
To take advantage of digital techniques when dealing with analog
inputs and outputs, three steps must be followed:
1. Convert the real-world analog inputs to digital form. (ADC)
2. Process (operate on) the digital information.
3. Convert the digital outputs back to real-world analog form. (DAC)
The following diagram shows a temperature control system that requires
analog/digital conversions in order to allow the use of digital processing
techniques.
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Process of Conversion from a Analog-to-Digital
(ADC) and Digital to Analog (DAC) Signal
Digitization (Why?)
Process of conversion from analog to digital is called digitization
Analog to digital (ADC) converters perform digitization
Digital to analog (DAC) converters regenerate the analog signals
from their digitized form
The world around us is analog
Digital systems are simple to understand & comprehend
Thus common practice is to convert analog signals into digital signals
form for efficient processing of signals
Inevitable to avoid loss of some accuracy (information) due to this
conversion
Reason: digital systems can only represent fixed (finite or discrete) set
of values
14. IntroductiontoAnalogandDigitalSystems
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Signal representation (Voltage)
Computers use low power supply voltage, typically from
0V to 5V
In decimal numbering system, the voltage levels are
divided into 10 equal parts. Therefore:
• 0 represents 0 – 0.5V
• 1 represents 0.5 – 1.0V
• 2 represents 1.0-1.5V and so forth.
Only 0.5V separate two consecutive voltage ranges if
decimal digits are used.
Binary 1: Any voltage between 2V to 5V
Binary 0: Any voltage between 0V to 0.8V
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Representing Binary Quantities
A binary number, at its most basic level, is called a BIT
(BIT being short for Binary-digIT). A BIT is a value which can
hold two possible states. These states can be many different things.
They can be...
»TRUE or FALSE
»ON or OFF
»YES or NO
»UP or DOWN
»ACTIVE or INACTIVE
Numerically they are expressed as ONE (1) or ZERO (0).
Every piece of information stored in a computer system
ultimately breaks down to one of these two BITS.
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ICs are classified by the complexity of the silicon chip that they contain.
The classification is decided by determining the number of gate circuits
contained in the chip.
SSI – Small-Scale Integration : 1 → 10 gates.
For example, basic gates and flip-flops.
MSI – Medium-Scale Integration : 10 → 100 gates.
For example, encoders, decoders, counters, registers,
multiplexers, arithmetic circuits, small memories and others.
LSI – Large-Scale Integration : 100 → 10,000 gates.
For example, memories and simple microprocessors.
VLSI – Very Large-Scale Integration : 10,000 → 99,999
gates. For example, microprocessors.
ULSI – Ultra Large-Scale Integration : 100,000 + gates.
For example, PC 3D graphics cards microprocessor controllers
and microprocessors.
Integrated Circuit Complexity Classifications