Smaller lot sizes, shorter times to market, and lower manufacturing costs are typical requirements of a modern manufacturing facility. Under such constraints, agile manufacturing systems are desirable. Agile manufacturing uses technology, organizational approaches, systems and people in a manufacturing concept which truly belongs to the 21st century and which transcends existing methodology to facilitate ability of the organization to react to rapid change and respond to an increasingly unpredictable marketplace. Agile manufacturing can produce what customers want, when and exactly how they want it, at a cost-effective price. The main aim of this paper is to presents the various possible research domains in the development of agile manufacturing era. The objective of this paper is to brief an overall idea and research needs of agile manufacturing with the focus of current fluctuations in the market scenario
Implementation of Lean Manufacturing System for Successful Production System ...IJERA Editor
In manufacturing industries lean manufacturing is a broadly accepted philosophy. There are more requirements of research and studies. To investigate the needs, techniques, benefits of lean manufacturing and approaches for implementation Lean manufacturing is a leading manufacturing paradigm has applied in many economy sectors, where we have to reduce manufacturing cost, improving product quality, reducing cost of poor quality, and quick to respond and “first to market to customer needs are critical to competitiveness and success. Lean methods and principle focus on the continuous improvement and engages employees reducing the intensity of materials, time, and capital necessary for meeting a customer’s needs. Successful implementation of lean manufacturing is very important to increase quality and waste reduction. By implementation of lean manufacturing there are various benefits such as waste elimination, reduction in reworking, financial benefits, lead time reduction and lower inventory levels.
Role of IT in Lean Manufacturing: A brief ScenarioIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Agile manufacturing is a term applied to an organization that has created the processes, tools, and training to enable it to respond quickly to customer needs and market changes while still controlling costs and quality.
Keys to Succeed in Implementing Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) and Lean S...IJMTST Journal
Competition is global and it continues to get more intense, with changes in technology, introduction of new and differentiated products and techniques. These changes are faster than what can be implemented. Profits are no longer driven by prices but with costs.[1] Customers have access to just about anything at their finger tips. The expectation like quick response, lower prices, flexible orders and quality products, is increasing every day from the customers. Our OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are searching for new methods of doing business and they expect their suppliers, like us to do the same. The challenge in front of us is how we respond effectively to these changing trends in the industry for our survival & growth. Change is the only certainty and the above is very much applicable to any business to achieve and sustain competitive edge. It is evident that organizations, which are innovative and visionary, have successfully implemented the change, realizing its business strategies would lead to their long term survival
Smaller lot sizes, shorter times to market, and lower manufacturing costs are typical requirements of a modern manufacturing facility. Under such constraints, agile manufacturing systems are desirable. Agile manufacturing uses technology, organizational approaches, systems and people in a manufacturing concept which truly belongs to the 21st century and which transcends existing methodology to facilitate ability of the organization to react to rapid change and respond to an increasingly unpredictable marketplace. Agile manufacturing can produce what customers want, when and exactly how they want it, at a cost-effective price. The main aim of this paper is to presents the various possible research domains in the development of agile manufacturing era. The objective of this paper is to brief an overall idea and research needs of agile manufacturing with the focus of current fluctuations in the market scenario
Implementation of Lean Manufacturing System for Successful Production System ...IJERA Editor
In manufacturing industries lean manufacturing is a broadly accepted philosophy. There are more requirements of research and studies. To investigate the needs, techniques, benefits of lean manufacturing and approaches for implementation Lean manufacturing is a leading manufacturing paradigm has applied in many economy sectors, where we have to reduce manufacturing cost, improving product quality, reducing cost of poor quality, and quick to respond and “first to market to customer needs are critical to competitiveness and success. Lean methods and principle focus on the continuous improvement and engages employees reducing the intensity of materials, time, and capital necessary for meeting a customer’s needs. Successful implementation of lean manufacturing is very important to increase quality and waste reduction. By implementation of lean manufacturing there are various benefits such as waste elimination, reduction in reworking, financial benefits, lead time reduction and lower inventory levels.
Role of IT in Lean Manufacturing: A brief ScenarioIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Agile manufacturing is a term applied to an organization that has created the processes, tools, and training to enable it to respond quickly to customer needs and market changes while still controlling costs and quality.
Keys to Succeed in Implementing Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM) and Lean S...IJMTST Journal
Competition is global and it continues to get more intense, with changes in technology, introduction of new and differentiated products and techniques. These changes are faster than what can be implemented. Profits are no longer driven by prices but with costs.[1] Customers have access to just about anything at their finger tips. The expectation like quick response, lower prices, flexible orders and quality products, is increasing every day from the customers. Our OEM’s (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are searching for new methods of doing business and they expect their suppliers, like us to do the same. The challenge in front of us is how we respond effectively to these changing trends in the industry for our survival & growth. Change is the only certainty and the above is very much applicable to any business to achieve and sustain competitive edge. It is evident that organizations, which are innovative and visionary, have successfully implemented the change, realizing its business strategies would lead to their long term survival
Lately, the application of lean has been applied in service companies with the
same objectives, namely the elimination of waste and increased efficiency of all
resources. As the global economy grows and develops, they are committed to
achieving improvements like that. The current economic indications are marked by
budget cuts and cost reduction but are still able to produce a good business
performance. This paper, we will explore waste that occurs along the value stream;
especially in the public sector, more specifically in industrial sports
Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing ...ijtsrd
In competitive environment lean manufacturing is necessary in every industry. Lean production is a standard manufacturing mode of the 21st century All the manufacturing industries have put a continuous efforts for its survival in these current world. In order to handle the critical situations manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process. Later on lean was formulated and developed as the solution to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Due to rapid change in business environment the manufacturing organization are forced to face challenges and complexities in the competition. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximize the resource utilization and minimize the wastes. The main focus of the lean manufacturing is to satisfy customer demands for high quality and low cost. The technique not only identifies the reasons for waste but also helps in its removal through marked principles and guidelines. Lean Manufacturing is an efficient and fast growing approach in the world of competition. Lean manufacturing utilizes a wide range of tools and techniques the choice of tools is based on the requirement. Many parameters contribute success of lean. Organizations which implemented lean manufacturing have higher level of flexibility and competitiveness. However, lean manufacturing provides an environment that is highly conducive to waste minimization. The majority of the study focuses on single aspect of lean element, only very few focuses on more than one aspect of lean elements, but for the successful implementation of lean the organization had to focuses on all the aspects such as Value Stream Mapping VSM , Cellular Manufacturing CM , U line system, Line Balancing, Inventory control, Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED , Pull System, Kanban, Production Leveling etc., G. K. Kiran Kumar ""Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing Industries: A Review "" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23194.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23194/understanding-the-need-of-implementation-of-lean-techniques-in-manufacturing-industries-a-review-/g-k-kiran-kumar
Lean systems in services industry miba-ahmed m adelAhmed Adel
Lean Systems is described as a managerial philosophy which enhances the value perceived by the customers, by adding product and/or service features and by continuously removing non value added activities (i.e. wastes), which are concealed in any kind of process.
To reduce waste, the lean manufacturing is capitalizing on various tools at its disposal including regular process review.
In particular the five Lean principles proposed , these 5 principles are Define Value, Value stream, Flow, Pull and perfection.
Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practi...IJERA Editor
The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining
profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is
an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel
success factors or practices that are responsible for the decisive role to overture the process are identified.
These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different
strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for
three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any
sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated
over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score
for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from
different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line
to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized
productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of
committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal
outcomes.
A Literature Review on Lean Implementations – A comprehensive summaryIJERA Editor
The available research papers in area of Lean are studied to know the implementation level of different lean
tools, barrier and benefits of implementation are also considered in the review .The commonly used lean tools in
the various organization, most common barriers and benefits have been identified and listed in this paper. Most
common barrier are also components of quality of work life.
The Performance Analysis of a Fettling Shop Using SimulationIOSR Journals
Fettling shop is the product finishing shop of casting products.After the knockout, the casting is taken
to the fettling shop for doing the fettling work. The fettling process includes cutting, shot blasting, grinding and
painting. In all these process the sand and extra metal on the castings are removed. The project titled „The
performance analysis of a fettling shop using simulation‟ is based on a fettling shop of a casting industry. The
main aim of the project is the performance analysis of the fettling shop. This project is a simulation based
project and is done using a simulation tool called arena. The main concepts related with the performance
analysis are Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System improvement analysis.
Lately, the application of lean has been applied in service companies with the
same objectives, namely the elimination of waste and increased efficiency of all
resources. As the global economy grows and develops, they are committed to
achieving improvements like that. The current economic indications are marked by
budget cuts and cost reduction but are still able to produce a good business
performance. This paper, we will explore waste that occurs along the value stream;
especially in the public sector, more specifically in industrial sports
Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing ...ijtsrd
In competitive environment lean manufacturing is necessary in every industry. Lean production is a standard manufacturing mode of the 21st century All the manufacturing industries have put a continuous efforts for its survival in these current world. In order to handle the critical situations manufacturers are trying to implement new and innovative techniques in their manufacturing process. Later on lean was formulated and developed as the solution to the fluctuating and competitive business environment. Due to rapid change in business environment the manufacturing organization are forced to face challenges and complexities in the competition. The concept of lean manufacturing was developed for maximize the resource utilization and minimize the wastes. The main focus of the lean manufacturing is to satisfy customer demands for high quality and low cost. The technique not only identifies the reasons for waste but also helps in its removal through marked principles and guidelines. Lean Manufacturing is an efficient and fast growing approach in the world of competition. Lean manufacturing utilizes a wide range of tools and techniques the choice of tools is based on the requirement. Many parameters contribute success of lean. Organizations which implemented lean manufacturing have higher level of flexibility and competitiveness. However, lean manufacturing provides an environment that is highly conducive to waste minimization. The majority of the study focuses on single aspect of lean element, only very few focuses on more than one aspect of lean elements, but for the successful implementation of lean the organization had to focuses on all the aspects such as Value Stream Mapping VSM , Cellular Manufacturing CM , U line system, Line Balancing, Inventory control, Single Minute Exchange of Dies SMED , Pull System, Kanban, Production Leveling etc., G. K. Kiran Kumar ""Understanding the Need of Implementation of Lean Techniques in Manufacturing Industries: A Review "" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23194.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23194/understanding-the-need-of-implementation-of-lean-techniques-in-manufacturing-industries-a-review-/g-k-kiran-kumar
Lean systems in services industry miba-ahmed m adelAhmed Adel
Lean Systems is described as a managerial philosophy which enhances the value perceived by the customers, by adding product and/or service features and by continuously removing non value added activities (i.e. wastes), which are concealed in any kind of process.
To reduce waste, the lean manufacturing is capitalizing on various tools at its disposal including regular process review.
In particular the five Lean principles proposed , these 5 principles are Define Value, Value stream, Flow, Pull and perfection.
Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practi...IJERA Editor
The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining
profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is
an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel
success factors or practices that are responsible for the decisive role to overture the process are identified.
These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different
strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for
three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any
sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated
over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score
for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from
different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line
to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized
productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of
committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal
outcomes.
A Literature Review on Lean Implementations – A comprehensive summaryIJERA Editor
The available research papers in area of Lean are studied to know the implementation level of different lean
tools, barrier and benefits of implementation are also considered in the review .The commonly used lean tools in
the various organization, most common barriers and benefits have been identified and listed in this paper. Most
common barrier are also components of quality of work life.
The Performance Analysis of a Fettling Shop Using SimulationIOSR Journals
Fettling shop is the product finishing shop of casting products.After the knockout, the casting is taken
to the fettling shop for doing the fettling work. The fettling process includes cutting, shot blasting, grinding and
painting. In all these process the sand and extra metal on the castings are removed. The project titled „The
performance analysis of a fettling shop using simulation‟ is based on a fettling shop of a casting industry. The
main aim of the project is the performance analysis of the fettling shop. This project is a simulation based
project and is done using a simulation tool called arena. The main concepts related with the performance
analysis are Bottleneck analysis, Productivity analysis and System improvement analysis.
Stable endemic malaria in a rainforest community of Southeastern NigeriaIOSR Journals
Malaria infections in a stable endemic malaria community of Abagana, a rainforest community in
southeastern Nigeria was studied between April and August 2012. Advocacy visits to the traditional ruler and
opinion leaders of the community and proper explanations of the project were used to obtain permission to
carry out the study. The community was mobilized through public announcements in the churches, schools,
markets and group meetings. Thick and thin blood films were used to concentrate, and identify malaria
parasites using oil immersion lense of bright field light microscope. Estimates of parasite intensity per person
was made on each positive slide by parasite count in the microscope fields. Participants were grouped into
sexes, age, education and occupation. A total of 141 participants made up of 59(41.84%) males and 82(58.16%)
females were involved in the study. Of the 141 participants, 76(53.90%) were positive with malaria parasites,
among whom 32(42.11%) were males and 44(57.89%) were females. Of the positive malaria cases, malaria
intensity among the participants were light 32(42.11%), moderate 35(46.05%) and heavy 9(11.84%) and was
spread across all the groups and villages. These results revealed holoendemicity of malaria in the community.
Intervention efforts including massive educational campaigns were suggested
Chebyshev Collocation Approach for a Continuous Formulation of Implicit Hybri...IOSR Journals
In this paper, an implicit one-step method for numerical solution of second order Initial Value
Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations has been developed by collocation and interpolation technique.
The one-step method was developed using Chebyshev polynomial as basis function and, the method was
augmented by the introduction of offstep points in order to bring about zero stability and upgrade the order of
consistency of the new method. An advantage of the derived continuous scheme is that it can produce several
outputs of solution at the off-grid points without requiring additional interpolation. Numerical examples are
presented to portray the applicability and the efficiency of the method.
Effect of Regular Exercise on Prolactin Secretion: A Pilot StudyIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Introduction: Evidence suggested that exercise may affects release of prolactin hormone. Participation in
exercise may increase secretion of prolactin hormone and may give sharp decrease in secretion of prolactin and
not only that published work demanded that there is no effect of exercise on secretion of prolactin. In this
context the researcher intend to know whether exercise affects positively or negatively or not on the release of
prolactin hormone. Aim: Determine whether participation in exercise may increase the level of secretion of
prolactine hormone or not. Method: Only two female students 29 years aged were participated in this study.
They were regularly practiced yogic asana and pranayam for 1 hour per day in the evening, 6 days per week,
for 8 weeks. The level of prolactin hormone was assessed by CLI method. In the present study all the
measurements were done at the baseline and 8 weeks of exercise training. Simple percentage calculated from
the mean value to see the quantitative changes in secretion of prolactin due to participation in the exercise
training. Result: Pre test mean was 5.80 and post test mean was 17.63 which imply that 203.96% increase in
secretion of prolactin significantly. Discussion and Conclusion: Level of secretion increased may be due to
multiple neural pathways that influence PRL secretion converges on the hypothalamus from other parts of the
brain; the effect of exercise on the secretion of PRL may also reflect the action of different neural inputs on the
activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis.
Key word: Exercise; Prolactin.
To Study the Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback Training on Dynamic Eq...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by static lesion to a developing nervous system that primarily affects
motor function. Spastic motor involvement is characteristic of most of these individual.Dynamicequinus is a
common deformity that worsens the ambulatory ability of both diplegic and hemiplegic conditions. The use of
electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback has been suggested as a training tool to improve the ability to increase
activation of weak and partially paralyzed muscles and to decrease the activation of muscles affected by spasm
or spasticity without regard to specific diagnosis. However, very few studies have reported the effects of EMG
biofeedback on ankle function among children with spastic cerebral palsy .Objectives of the study was to
increase the activation of tibialis anterior and to improve the functional ambulation.40 subjects were made part
of the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria divided into two groups group A and B.Group A
received traditional physical therapy exercises and electromypgraphic biofeedback and group B received only
exercise program.The treatment duration was for 4weeks 3 sessions a week.The results were analysed using
statistical tests that were paired and unpaired t-test and mannwhitneytest.The results showed significant
improvement in the pre and post treatment.The conclusion of the study lended a favourable outlook to use
biofeedback training in treatment of CP children, to improve functional ambulation and gait. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, dynamic equinus deformity, gait, electromyography, biofeedback.
A Study on the Relationship between Nutrition Status and Physical Fitness of ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Nutritional status during school age is a major determinant of nutritional and health status in adult
life. Many studies showed that under nutrition and anaemia had an adverse impact on performance and
consequently led to reduction in wages for persons employed in manual labour.
The past three decades have witnessed the emergence of over nutrition as a problem in school-age children in
developed countries and in affluent urban segments in developing countries. The main determinants of
performance are physical fitness and skill. Longitudinal studies have shown that the lifestyle and physical
fitness during childhood and adolescence were major determinants of lifestyle, physical fitness and freedom
from non-communicable diseases in adult life.
Optimized Traffic Signal Control System at Traffic Intersections Using VanetIOSR Journals
Abstract: Traditional Automated traffic signal control systems normally schedule the vehicles at intersection in
a pre timed slot manner. This pre-timed controller approach fails to minimize the waiting time of vehicles at the
traffic intersection as it doesn’t consider the arrival time of vehicles. To overcome this problem an adaptive and
intelligent traffic control system is proposed in such a way that a traffic signal controller with wireless radio
installed at the intersection and it is considered as an infrastructure. All the vehicles are equipped with onboard
location, speed sensors and a wireless radio to communicate with the infrastructure thereby VANET is formed.
Once the vehicles enter into the boundary of traffic area, they broadcast their positional information as data
packet with their encapsulated ID in it. The controller at the intersection receives the transmitted packets from
all the legs of intersection and then stores it in a temporary log file. Now the controller runs Platooning
algorithm to group the vehicles approximately in equal size of platoons. The platoons are formed on the basis of
data disseminated by the vehicles. Then the controller runs Oldest Job First algorithm which treats platoons as
jobs. The algorithm schedules jobs in conflict free manner and ensures all the jobs utilize equal processing time
i.e the vehicles of each platoons cross the intersection at equal delays. The proposed approach is evaluated
under various traffic volumes and the performance is analyzed.
Keywords Conflict graphs, online job scheduling, traffic signal control, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)
simulation, vehicle-actuated traffic signal control, Webster’s algorithm.
Cutting Strategies for Casting Die Manufacturing on CNC Milling MachineIOSR Journals
Manufacturing of dies has been presenting greater requirements of geometrical accuracy,
dimensional precision and surface quality as well as decrease in costs and manufacturing times. Although
proper cutting parameter values are utilized to obtain high geometrical accuracy and surface quality, there may
exist geometrical discrepancy between the designed and the manufactured surface profile of the die cavities. In
milling process; cutting speed, step over and feed are the main cutting parameters and these parameters affect
geometrical accuracy and surface quality of the casting die cavities. In this paper, effects of the cutting
parameters on geometrical error have been examined on a representative die cavity profile. To remove
undesired volume in the die cavities, available cutting strategies are investigated. Finish option for roughing
and finish option for finishing are optimized to reduce the Machining time of the cutting process thereby
decreasing the cost of cutting process. The cutting parameters considered are Cut Feed, Step Depth, Spindle
Speed for both roughing and finishing, scan type for roughing and lace type for finishing.3D model and
manufacturing process is done in parametric modeling software Pro/Engineer wildfire5.0.
This power point slide is all about the contemporary trends in quality engineering and management.every one should have a knowledge about the quality engineering in a 21st century.quality gives you more success in life.i had been giving you some techniques use in quality engineering program for a business purpose.
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
PROJECT SUBJECT IMPLEMENTATING LEAN MANUFACTURING CONCEPTS WITH EMP.docxbfingarjcmc
PROJECT SUBJECT: IMPLEMENTATING LEAN MANUFACTURING CONCEPTS WITH EMPHASIS ON VALUE STREAM MAPPING IN JOB SHOP ENVIRONMENT
(MILLWORK/CABINETRY INDUSTRY)
ALL submissions are to be compliant to APA 6.0.
Here is a link to "What's new in 6.0:"
The APA style format must be used. See below
http://www.apastyle.org/manual/whats-new.aspx
and the best APA reference I have found online is the Purdue OWL at:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
It must be written in Standard English, be plagiarism free, be error free and meet all standards of graduate level writing.
Don’t use any copyright material without permission from the original writer / organization. Use 12 size font.
Margins:
All
pages of the project, including all preliminary pages, the body of the text and pages of the appendices, must conform to the following margin requirements:
·
Left margin, 1½ inches;
·
Right margin, 1 inch;
·
Bottom margin, 1¼ inches;
·
Top margin, 1¼
inches;
Conduct industry specific research into this project.
It must include
i) Introduction
ii) Abstract
iii) Review of Related Literature
iv) Methodology
v)
Results and Discussion
vi)
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
vii) Appendices
References or Works Cited
: References or Works Cited are compiled according to the designated style manual (APA 6.0) and must include every source cited in the study, including material which has been adapted for use in tables and figures
.
It should be about 70 pages long and approximately 60000 to 70000 words including my work which is written below.
1) Introduction
A) Background:
During the last decades
t
he U.S. wood products and furniture manufacturing
industries have been greatly affected by
changing business environment ,
economic cycles, rising production and
transportation costs, changing buyer habits, and increasing global
competition.
In order to survive small businesses have to improve their productionperformance. A commonly applied philosophy to improve production performance is calledlean manufacturing. This method, derived from the Toyota Production System, eliminates waste, increase efficiency and effectiveness of processes while increasing the competitive strength and responsiveness of a company.
Lean management, allows companies to become more competitive and enhance the likelihood
of survival.
However, findings show that Lean awareness and its use in Wood product and Millwork industry is very limited
(Pirraglia et al., 2009)
. The group of
industry segments with the highest Lean awareness and Lean implementation status are
“engineered wood products”, “manufactured homes”, and “household furniture
manufacturing," as opposed to industry sub-segments such as “sawmill” and “Commercial Millwork and Cabinetry," which had lower Lean awareness and Lean implementation status
(Pirraglia et al., 2009)
because m
ost small manufactures have minute-by-minute changes to respond to customer change orders, ma.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
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Lean and Agile Manufacturing as productivity enhancement techniques - a comparative study
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 12, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Jan- Feb. 2015), PP 52-56
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12145256 www.iosrjournals.org 52 | Page
Lean and Agile Manufacturing as productivity enhancement
techniques - a comparative study
Javed G. Khan 1
and Dr. R.S Dalu2
1Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, SSGM College of Engineering, Shegaon
2Professor and Head, Mechanical Engineering, Govt.College of Engineering, Amravati.
Abstract: With the beginning of globalization of the market in 21st century, the manufacturing organization felt
strongly challenges from their competitors. These challenges lead the organizations for the changes such as
reduced product life cycle, minimum production cost and responding to diverse needs of customers. To respond
the customer requirement and increasing customer satisfaction many organization adopted process improving
techniques such as Lean or agile manufacturing. This paper briefly explores to the concept lean manufacturing
and agile manufacturing with their similarities and differences including limitation of the concepts. The paper
proposes an approach which emphasizes to response customer requirement and increase customer satisfaction.
The paper also focuses on methods to detect, analyze and improve the problems and dysfunctions in process
through process interaction, including maintaining the result efforts.
Key words: Lean Manufacturing, Agile Manufacturing, Waste Minimization
I. Need of Lean manufacturing or agile manufacturing.
Today industries severe the challenges and competitive market pressures, including globalization,
Competition and cooperation, diversity of customer requirements, due to the globalization of the
market industries are restructuring and reengineering themselves to overcome the challenge of customers,
seeking high quality, low-cost products and be responsive to their specific unique and rapidly changing needs.
To respond customer requirement and to minimize overall cost two new systems of doing business in
manufacturing have evolved in the recent decade’s lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing.
Lean focuses on elimination source of wastes (muda) that arise in processes. Lean principles are
adopted in many enterprises, including Japanese enterprises for controlling the resources in accordance with the
customers’ needs and to reduce cost through unnecessary waste (including the waste of time) [1]. Agility
addresses new ways of running companies to meet these challenges and is based not only on responsiveness and
flexibility but also on cost and quality of goods and services that the customers are prepared to accept.
According to Gupta and Mittal Agile Manufacturing is “a business concept that integrates organization, people
and technology into a meaningful unit by deploying advanced information technologies and flexible and nimble
organizational structures to support highly skilled, knowledgeable and motivated people” [2]. There is no
standard framework for implementation of Lean and Agility , some company have adopted Lean tools to be part
of Agility programs, while some lean consultants have started agile manufacturing to be part of the Lean. This
approach helps to improve process and reduce the waste that arises in process.
II. Basic Concept of Lean Manufacturing
Lean Manufacturing is a systematic approach for identifying and eliminating waste in operations
through continues improvement for doing everything more efficiently, reducing the cost of operating system and
fulfilling the costumer desire for maximum value at the lowest price [3]. Within a lean manufacturing
production system such as the “Toyota production System” (TPS) there is a base operating methodology,
utilized by manufacturers in Japan under the heading of Genba Kanri [4]. These basic operating rules have been
developed over many years in several Japanese companies to the point where they are now implicit in
manufacturing operations.
Toyota Production System (TPS) which was relabeled as Lean manufacturing by Womack, Jones, and
Roos [5] in their book “The Machine That Changed the World” has influenced the manufacturing practices
around the world. The fundamental of TPS is to eliminate wastes and produce only the items that needed at the
required time and in the required quantities. Principles of lean are universal as they are broadly accepted by
many manufacturing operations and have been applied successfully across many disciplines [6]. It has become
an integrated system composed of highly inter-related elements and a wide variety of management practices,
including Just-in-time, quality system, work teams, cellular manufacturing, etc. The main purpose of
implementing lean manufacturing is to increase productivity, reduce lead time and cost, and improve quality,
thus providing the upmost value to customers. [7]. Seven important wastes in lean are as follows:
2. Lean and Agile Manufacturing as productivity enhancement techniques - a comparative study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12145256 www.iosrjournals.org 53 | Page
Overproduction, Waiting, Unnecessary transport, Over processing or incorrect processing, Excess inventory,
Unnecessary movement, and Defects or rework [7].
III. Basic Concept of Agile Manufacturing.
Agile manufacturing is a term applied to an organization that has created the processes, tools, and
training to enable it to respond quickly to customer needs and market changes while still controlling costs and
quality. Agile manufacturing is seen as the next step after Lean manufacturing in the evolution of production
methodology.
In the beginning of globalization of the market in 21st century the agile manufacturing paradigm was
formulated in response to the constantly changing `new economy’ and as a basis for returning to global
competitiveness. Agile manufacturing (AM) has emerged after lean production the word agile is used means the
ability fast thinking with a clever method and in fact it is concept of maximum flexibility and an agile
organization should be able to respond to possible changes that may occur in the organization. A lot definitions
provided abut agility, but in general we can say agility is responding to available challenges in business
environment that this challenge is via change and uncertainty to the business environment. A key feature of
agility organization is flexibility [8].
Agile manufacturing is an approach to manufacturing which is focused on meeting the needs of
customers while maintaining high standards of quality and controlling the overall costs involved in the
production of a particular product. This approach is geared towards companies working in a highly competitive
environment, where small variations in performance and product delivery can make a huge difference in the
long term to a company's survival and reputation among consumers.
In fact the main origin of "agility" as a concept in business and work is rooted in flexible
manufacturing systems. At first was thought the path toward flexibility in production and manufacturing is
move from automation towards create ability for rapid changes such as reducing the startup time and thus faster
reaction to changes in product mix or volume. Soon after this theory about flexibility in the production was
extended greater fields of business).a organization for responding to changes occurs in its business requires
ability that called agility and is including speed, flexibility, competence and accountability [8].
IV. Comparison between Lean and Agile Manufacturing.
`Lean manufacturing’ and `Agile manufacturing’ sound similar, but they are different. Lean
manufacturing is a response to competitive pressures with limited resources. Agile manufacturing, on the other
hand, is a response to complexity brought about by constant change. Lean is a collection of operational
techniques focused on productive use of resources. Agility is an overall strategy focused on thriving in an
unpredictable environment. Focusing on the individual customer, agile competition has evolved from the
unilateral producer-centered customer-responsive companies inspired by the lean manufacturing refinement of
mass production to interactive producer-customer relationships [9]. Table below shows the comparison of lean
and agile manufacturing on various factors [9],[10],[11],[12],[15].
Factors Lean Manufacturing Agile Manufacturing
History and Origin Since late 1940s
Japan –Toyota Japan
Since early 1990s
Iacocca university (USA)
Initial investment cost Low Medium
Goal To remove waste
Understanding what customers see as
“value”
Eliminate everything that does not add
value
Enhance enterprise flexibility and
responsiveness
Thrive in a fast-paced, uncertain,
environment
Focus Primary focus on the avoidance of
waste in order to improve productivity.
Focusing on all enterprise operations,
processes and functions
Emphasis on creating robust value
propositions and value exchanges among
stakeholders
Managing complex interdependencies
throughout the networked enterprise (information
flows, knowledge sharing, network-wide learning
& capability-building
Primary focus on achieving efficiency.
Concentration on effective enterprise
integration to support manufacturing
Focus on delivering high-quality, low-
cost & innovative tailored solutions to customers
Creating virtual organizations, as
needed, to reduce cost & cycle time
Participation in an
organization
Everybody in organization (cross functional
teams)
Top-down directive process led by top
management
Core concept and
methodology
Adopt a holistic view of the
networked enterprise
Anticipate and meet customer needs
Deliver tailored solutions to customers
3. Lean and Agile Manufacturing as productivity enhancement techniques - a comparative study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12145256 www.iosrjournals.org 54 | Page
Table no 1 .Comparison of Lean and agile manufacturing
V. Similarities and differences between lean and agile manufacturing.
Basically, both lean and agile manufacturing are suited for modern managers who desire to increase
business sustainability and revenue They both must be decided on early in the manufacturing planning process,
as they affect all aspects of the process. The other similarities between both the systems are as follows. [13],
[14].
Both are designed to keep companies competitive.
Both start with customer demands.
Both required top management commitment
Both can have extraordinary results.
Both concentrate on minimization of Total lead-time
Both deliver the best results when more, rather than fever employees are involved.
Fig No 1 Similarities and differences between lean and agile manufacturing.[10]
As per as the difference are concerns Lean was conceptualized much before agile due to which Lean
has a wider scope and can be applied to any industry. Lean manufacturing focuses on reducing costs, allowing
companies greater price flexibility. Agile manufacturing focuses on responding quickly to unexpected customer
requests, allowing companies to capitalize on the highest possible number of sales opportunities. Production
Stress long-term thinking
Deliver customer pulled best lifecycle
value
Eliminate waste towards the goal of
creating value
Ensure stability and synchronized
flow
Develop collaborative relationships
and mutually-beneficial network-wide
governance mechanisms
Foster a culture of continuous
learning
Evolve an efficient, flexible &
adaptive enterprise
Evolve adaptive, flexible & efficient
enterprise
Establish virtual organizations
Enhance ability to thrive in a fast-paced
& uncertain environment
Techniques and tools Analytical tools like,
Value stream mapping
5-S
One piece flow
Pull system
Cells
Kanban
Visual controls
Set Up reduction
Agile uses a set of tool kit primarily taken from
lean. Some lean tool being used in agile
development are
Multitasking
Kanban
Empowerment
Visual management
Primary benefits Lean = Reduce flow time
Improve flow reduce manufacturing cost
Continuously changing its approach to
satisfy its customers
Secondary benefits Less waste
Faster throughput
Improved quality
Less inventory
Innovative designs based on the
customers’ demands
Wider variety for the customer to choose
Responds quickly to emerging crisis
Limitation It is Culture and cannot be brought overnight due
to which lean manufacturing cannot gives quick
results
Inadequate attention to internal factors, and absence
of implementation methodology.
4. Lean and Agile Manufacturing as productivity enhancement techniques - a comparative study
DOI: 10.9790/1684-12145256 www.iosrjournals.org 55 | Page
configuration for agile manufacturing uses fewer people, relying more on automation and modular design than
lean manufacturing, which relies heavily on people. Regarding inventory, lean manufacturing requires a higher
inventory of smaller parts, while agile manufacturing requires a lower inventory due to modular design. The
modular design also makes agile manufacturing systems more ready to adapt to customization requests [10].
VI. Implementing lean or Agile
For any organization, the first step in implementing Lean or Agile Manufacturing is deciding to use the
methodology. Once the leadership of an organization believes that they can benefit from using Lean or Agile the
organization can decide a standard plan to implement the systems. Both the Lean and Agile Manufacturing have
some common steps for implementation. The table below shows the basic steps for implementing lean or Agile
Manufacturing [11], [15].
Implementing Lean manufacturing Implementing Agile Manufacturing
Management commitment. Management commitment.
Train core team. Top-down directive process led by top management
Understand value from customer perspective. Emphasis on enterprise integration, training & education,
and empowered teams
Set aggressive improvement goals. Building effective information infrastructure
Identify and removal waste. Forming virtual organizations
Constantly improve the process. Mostly internally managed process, with possible support
from outside
Table no 2 Implementation Comparisons of Lean and agile manufacturing
VII. Barriers to implementations
When we are thinking to implement the lean manufacturing or Agile Manufacturing in any industry
there are several barriers to implement it. The old ways of working is the biggest problem, followed by
employee resistance. Therefore, the major roadblocks of implementing these systems in the any companies seem
to be the “people” factor. Following data represent the major limitations in implementation of Lean or Agile
Manufacturing in the organization [15].
7.1 Cultural limitations.
Fear of job loss to the workers from employer.
Time pressure from management.
Resistance to change old working habits.
Lack of trust on management.
Poor communication between employer and employees.
7.2 Knowledge limitations.
Lack of training to the workers.
Lack of knowledge in management as well as among team members.
Lack of team skill among the team.
7.3 Management limitations
Lack of leadership.
Unprofessional management behavior.
Lack of management commitment to the workers.
Lack of hands on involvement from management.
VIII. Conclusion
From the above research it is clear that to respond to customer requirement and to increasing customer
satisfaction lean and agile manufacturing technology is regarded as one of the most important manufacturing
techniques. As the huge amount of information about the tools and technique of Lean and agile manufacturing is
available, but many people do not understand and realize the basic differences and goals of each system. It
should be noted that lean and agile manufacturing, each one holds its own advantages and strengths and
weaknesses. The organization must be aware that change does not happen overnight; the result from
implementing such a system may come slowly. This paper helps to understand the basic concept of Lean and
agile manufacturing with their similarities and differences and can guide the organizations for selecting either to
implement Lean or agile manufacturing system to solve their existing problems.
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