This document provides a review of information technology implementation for the educational development of rural India. It discusses several key points:
1) It provides an overview of the Indian education system, including the roles of public and private sectors as well as various supporting institutions.
2) It identifies several problems faced by students in rural areas, such as lack of adequate teachers and infrastructure like classrooms and toilets.
3) It discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) like computers, internet, mobile phones can help improve quality of education through distance learning programs and training teachers.
4) It outlines several approaches that have been used to promote education in rural India using ICT, including village knowledge centers, e
OCCE 2018 Keynote: Authentic and Contextual Learning with ICT in IndiaAmina Charania
OCCE 2018, Keynote: Amina Charania. This presentation highlights Constructivist use of ICT in education-India story and presents best practices in India in government schools.
A Study of Job Satisfaction among College Teachers with Special Reference to ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study examined the development of education
in India. All the factors which influence excellence in the
field of education are the quality, competence and character
of teachers apart from the infrastructure, cognitive and noncognitive qualities of students and parental support.
Literacy rates in rural India are significantly lower than in urban areas due to lack of educational infrastructure and resources. Only 61% of Indians are literate, with large disparities between states, genders, and rural/urban populations. Several government schemes aim to improve literacy, but progress remains slow. NGOs are also working to boost education access for underprivileged groups. To fully develop, India must prioritize achieving universal literacy through improved implementation and funding of literacy programs.
Impact of the Evolution of Smart Phones in Education Technology and its Appli...IJMIT JOURNAL
This document discusses the impact of smartphones on education technology and its application in technical and professional studies in India. It notes that the availability of high-speed internet on smartphones has opened new avenues for learning among Indian youth. Popular sources of online educational content accessed via smartphones include video lectures, e-books, iTunes U, YouTube Edu, and websites providing free video lectures. The growing popularity of smartphones in India has the potential to revolutionize the way education is delivered.
11.effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of ictAlexander Decker
This document discusses the effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in North-East India. It provides background on the Indian education system and challenges like low literacy rates and high dropout rates. Open and distance learning has helped increase access to education. ICT has further enhanced open and distance education by making teaching and learning more engaging and practical. Institutions in North-East India like Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University have successfully used ICT-enabled open and distance learning to provide educational opportunities to thousands of learners.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses literacy in rural India. It defines literacy as the ability to read, write, and use basic mathematics according to UNESCO. Statistics show the literacy rate is 71% in rural areas versus 86% in urban areas, and male literacy exceeds female literacy. The importance of rural literacy is discussed from social, cultural, economic, and political perspectives to advance development. Digital literacy initiatives are also outlined to bridge access gaps.
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
OCCE 2018 Keynote: Authentic and Contextual Learning with ICT in IndiaAmina Charania
OCCE 2018, Keynote: Amina Charania. This presentation highlights Constructivist use of ICT in education-India story and presents best practices in India in government schools.
A Study of Job Satisfaction among College Teachers with Special Reference to ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The study examined the development of education
in India. All the factors which influence excellence in the
field of education are the quality, competence and character
of teachers apart from the infrastructure, cognitive and noncognitive qualities of students and parental support.
Literacy rates in rural India are significantly lower than in urban areas due to lack of educational infrastructure and resources. Only 61% of Indians are literate, with large disparities between states, genders, and rural/urban populations. Several government schemes aim to improve literacy, but progress remains slow. NGOs are also working to boost education access for underprivileged groups. To fully develop, India must prioritize achieving universal literacy through improved implementation and funding of literacy programs.
Impact of the Evolution of Smart Phones in Education Technology and its Appli...IJMIT JOURNAL
This document discusses the impact of smartphones on education technology and its application in technical and professional studies in India. It notes that the availability of high-speed internet on smartphones has opened new avenues for learning among Indian youth. Popular sources of online educational content accessed via smartphones include video lectures, e-books, iTunes U, YouTube Edu, and websites providing free video lectures. The growing popularity of smartphones in India has the potential to revolutionize the way education is delivered.
11.effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of ictAlexander Decker
This document discusses the effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in North-East India. It provides background on the Indian education system and challenges like low literacy rates and high dropout rates. Open and distance learning has helped increase access to education. ICT has further enhanced open and distance education by making teaching and learning more engaging and practical. Institutions in North-East India like Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University have successfully used ICT-enabled open and distance learning to provide educational opportunities to thousands of learners.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses literacy in rural India. It defines literacy as the ability to read, write, and use basic mathematics according to UNESCO. Statistics show the literacy rate is 71% in rural areas versus 86% in urban areas, and male literacy exceeds female literacy. The importance of rural literacy is discussed from social, cultural, economic, and political perspectives to advance development. Digital literacy initiatives are also outlined to bridge access gaps.
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
INTEGRATIONS OF ICT IN EDUCATION SECTOR FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE DEVELOPING...ijcsit
This document discusses challenges and recommendations regarding integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into the education sector in Bangladesh. Some key challenges discussed include a lack of ICT infrastructure and funding, as well as issues related to proper vision/planning, social/cultural factors, teachers' attitudes and skills, and a lack of convergence between technology and education. Recommendations provided to address these challenges include building teachers' ICT skills, learning from other countries' approaches, connecting schools digitally, establishing a dedicated IT group, and implementing smart classroom technologies on a limited pilot basis. An overall national ICT policy for education is also recommended.
This document discusses literacy rates in India. It provides definitions of literacy and how literacy is measured through national censuses. Some key points include: Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 94%, while literacy campaigns have increased female literacy and school enrollment. Government programs like the National Literacy Mission and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aim to further increase literacy through total literacy campaigns, post-literacy programs, and continuing education. NGOs like Pratham also work to improve education quality.
1. The document discusses the challenges of implementing information and communication technology (ICT) in Malaysian smart schools. It identifies several key challenges, including a lack of technological infrastructure and teaching materials, underutilization of smart school hardware/software/courseware, lack of teacher training, and lack of democratization in education.
2. A major challenge is the lack of infrastructure like internet access and computer labs in rural areas, limiting students' ability to participate fully in smart school programs. Training for teachers on ICT skills is also lacking.
3. Smart school courseware and management systems have also been underutilized, as schools prefer newer materials in line with the national curriculum taught in English. This highlights challenges in
Determinant Factors to Become a Gig Worker in an Online CourseIfa Alif
Ifa Alif - File Presentasi Determinant Factors to Become a Gig Worker in an Online Course.
2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS)
The document discusses the challenges of implementing smart schools in Malaysia. Some key challenges include lack of teacher readiness to use technology due to insufficient training, heavy financial investments required for facilities and maintenance, lack of technological infrastructure and resources in rural schools, and easy access issues with shared internet connections at schools. Leadership and top management are also identified as important for ensuring smooth implementation of smart school initiatives. The document provides background on Malaysia's goals for smart schools and outlines 10 common challenges faced in realizing the smart school vision.
The document discusses the challenging implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in smart schools in Malaysia. It identifies six main challenges: (1) lack of technological infrastructure and teaching materials such as limited internet connection and shortage of computers; (2) underutilization of existing smart school hardware, software, and courseware; (3) lack of democratization in education where students have no choice in their education; (4) lack of training for teachers in ICT; (5) negative attitudes of experienced teachers towards ICT; and (6) time constraints where using computers is time consuming for both students and teachers.
The document discusses the role of teachers in a knowledge society and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. It notes that in a knowledge society, teachers will need to deal with new knowledge, access to knowledge, networking and collective intelligence. Schools will focus on e-learning and new teaching strategies. Teachers will be able to manage time and space differently and encourage collaboration. ICT integration requires teachers to develop ICT competencies, and departments of education should provide training and support for teachers to meet technology standards and effectively integrate ICT into their teaching practices.
Literacy rates in India have increased over time but there is still work to be done to improve literacy, especially for women. In 2001, the overall literacy rate was 64.8% but this increased to 74% by 2011. Literacy varies significantly by gender and region within India. To further reduce illiteracy, efforts are needed to improve education infrastructure, reduce poverty, and increase access to school, especially for girls. Both government programs and social initiatives can help promote literacy across India.
This document provides a business plan for a proposed Smart School in Karachi, Pakistan. It discusses the financial requirements, executive summary, concept of smart classrooms, training programs for teachers, comparisons to models in other countries like Malaysia, and addresses challenges and risks. The plan proposes using technology like smart boards, tablet PCs, and online resources to provide a high-quality education with an affordable fee structure. It also discusses marketing, operations, organizational structure, and risk assessments. The goal is to help achieve Pakistan's education targets by introducing an innovative ICT-based learning system.
The document discusses the role of teachers in a knowledge society and the importance of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into education. It notes that teachers will need to adapt to new ways of accessing and sharing knowledge through networking and collaboration. The development of ICT-enhanced teacher standards is seen as important to enable teachers to master technologies and improve teaching and learning. Standards should focus on technology operations, designing learning environments, and integrating technology into teaching and curriculum.
The document discusses literacy rates in India, Canada, and globally. It provides statistics on literacy rates in different regions and over time. Some key points include:
- In India in 2004, literacy rates were 6.9% in North America (42 million), 2.2% in Europe (13 million), and 2% in Asia (11.81 million).
- Rajasthan, India has seen increases in overall and female literacy rates from 1991 to 2001, though illiteracy remains high especially in rural areas.
- Factors contributing to low literacy in India include poor infrastructure, teacher shortages, and inadequate education spending.
- In Canada, 58% of adults aged 16-65 have basic reading skills
MACRO ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR EDUCATION IN DIGITAL ERA IN INDIAamita marwaha
The document discusses macroeconomic policies for education in India in the digital era and the need for education reform. It provides an overview of India's education system and policies, highlighting initiatives to expand access such as free education, non-formal education programs, and mid-day meal schemes. It also discusses the increasing role of information and communication technologies in education through initiatives like Edusat, an education satellite, and plans to provide broadband connectivity to secondary schools. Overall, the document argues that while access to education has increased, the system needs reform to fully leverage digital technologies and rethink how, what, and where people learn.
This document discusses current trends in e-learning in India. It begins with an abstract stating that e-learning utilizes information technologies to communicate and collaborate in education. The document then provides background on e-learning and its definition. It states that while e-learning has potential in India, adoption has been slow. It discusses the scope and growth of e-learning globally and in various countries, with India having the fifth highest growth rate at 55%. The document outlines challenges to e-learning in India, such as infrastructure and awareness in rural areas, and states that the future of e-learning in India is promising if these challenges can be addressed.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Pooja Devi to Dr. Supreet Sandhu at Eduris International in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes India's higher education system and includes sections on declaration, acknowledgment, executive summary, introduction, company profile, literature review, methodology, objectives, data analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides an overview of India's education system, including primary, secondary, and higher education. It also discusses the role of education in national development and the changing nature of education as an industry.
The document discusses how educational technology can promote equal opportunities in education. It summarizes various educational technology initiatives in India that aimed to provide access to education through television and satellite programs for rural populations, including the SITE project from 1975-1976, the Gyan-Darsan educational TV channel launched in 2000, the EDUSAT satellite launched in 2004, and state-level organizations like CEC, SIET, C-DIT, and projects like Akshaya and IT@School. The goal of these programs was to make quality education accessible to students regardless of location or socioeconomic background through technology.
This document presents a new approach for human identification using sclera recognition. It begins with background on sclera and challenges with sclera recognition. It then describes the proposed methodology which includes sclera segmentation, feature extraction using Gabor filtering, and recognition using Bayesian classification. Experimental results show the false accept and reject rates for the approach. It concludes that sclera recognition is promising for human identification and can achieve accuracy comparable to iris recognition in visible light. The proposed approach uses Bayesian classification for recognition, which is more effective than previous matching score methods.
Fault detection and diagnosis of high speed switching devices in power invertereSAT Journals
Abstract
Power electronic based inverters are the major components in industry. A fault diagnostics framework composed of a pattern recognition system, having machine learning technology as its integral part is utilized for failure detection of different switches and tracing multiple types of faults in an inverter. Hardware point of view power electronics inverter can be considered to be the weakest link. Hence, this work is carried on detecting faults and classifies which switches in the inverter cause the fault. Diagnosis can help to avoid unplanned breakdown, to make possible to run an emergency operation in case of a fault. On the basis of theoretical foundations of electronic power inverter a simulation model has been developed to simulate the healthy condition and all single-switch open circuit faults. The generated signal is processed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Fuzzy Inference Logic (FIL). A smart and accurate classification of faults is obtained using simulation results, which are tested on a wide operation domain and various load conditions.
Keywords: Fault Diagnosis, DWT, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence (AI).
This document summarizes a paper that presents a novel method for determining the optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers in a multi-machine power system using a Fuzzy Controlled Genetic Algorithm (FCGA). The proposed algorithm aims to simultaneously optimize the location, type, and rated values of FACTS controllers while minimizing the overall system cost, which includes generation and investment costs. The algorithm is tested on IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems, incorporating thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) devices. Simulation results show the obtained solution is feasible and accurate for solving the optimal power flow problem.
INTEGRATIONS OF ICT IN EDUCATION SECTOR FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE DEVELOPING...ijcsit
This document discusses challenges and recommendations regarding integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into the education sector in Bangladesh. Some key challenges discussed include a lack of ICT infrastructure and funding, as well as issues related to proper vision/planning, social/cultural factors, teachers' attitudes and skills, and a lack of convergence between technology and education. Recommendations provided to address these challenges include building teachers' ICT skills, learning from other countries' approaches, connecting schools digitally, establishing a dedicated IT group, and implementing smart classroom technologies on a limited pilot basis. An overall national ICT policy for education is also recommended.
This document discusses literacy rates in India. It provides definitions of literacy and how literacy is measured through national censuses. Some key points include: Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 94%, while literacy campaigns have increased female literacy and school enrollment. Government programs like the National Literacy Mission and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aim to further increase literacy through total literacy campaigns, post-literacy programs, and continuing education. NGOs like Pratham also work to improve education quality.
1. The document discusses the challenges of implementing information and communication technology (ICT) in Malaysian smart schools. It identifies several key challenges, including a lack of technological infrastructure and teaching materials, underutilization of smart school hardware/software/courseware, lack of teacher training, and lack of democratization in education.
2. A major challenge is the lack of infrastructure like internet access and computer labs in rural areas, limiting students' ability to participate fully in smart school programs. Training for teachers on ICT skills is also lacking.
3. Smart school courseware and management systems have also been underutilized, as schools prefer newer materials in line with the national curriculum taught in English. This highlights challenges in
Determinant Factors to Become a Gig Worker in an Online CourseIfa Alif
Ifa Alif - File Presentasi Determinant Factors to Become a Gig Worker in an Online Course.
2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS)
The document discusses the challenges of implementing smart schools in Malaysia. Some key challenges include lack of teacher readiness to use technology due to insufficient training, heavy financial investments required for facilities and maintenance, lack of technological infrastructure and resources in rural schools, and easy access issues with shared internet connections at schools. Leadership and top management are also identified as important for ensuring smooth implementation of smart school initiatives. The document provides background on Malaysia's goals for smart schools and outlines 10 common challenges faced in realizing the smart school vision.
The document discusses the challenging implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) in smart schools in Malaysia. It identifies six main challenges: (1) lack of technological infrastructure and teaching materials such as limited internet connection and shortage of computers; (2) underutilization of existing smart school hardware, software, and courseware; (3) lack of democratization in education where students have no choice in their education; (4) lack of training for teachers in ICT; (5) negative attitudes of experienced teachers towards ICT; and (6) time constraints where using computers is time consuming for both students and teachers.
The document discusses the role of teachers in a knowledge society and the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in education. It notes that in a knowledge society, teachers will need to deal with new knowledge, access to knowledge, networking and collective intelligence. Schools will focus on e-learning and new teaching strategies. Teachers will be able to manage time and space differently and encourage collaboration. ICT integration requires teachers to develop ICT competencies, and departments of education should provide training and support for teachers to meet technology standards and effectively integrate ICT into their teaching practices.
Literacy rates in India have increased over time but there is still work to be done to improve literacy, especially for women. In 2001, the overall literacy rate was 64.8% but this increased to 74% by 2011. Literacy varies significantly by gender and region within India. To further reduce illiteracy, efforts are needed to improve education infrastructure, reduce poverty, and increase access to school, especially for girls. Both government programs and social initiatives can help promote literacy across India.
This document provides a business plan for a proposed Smart School in Karachi, Pakistan. It discusses the financial requirements, executive summary, concept of smart classrooms, training programs for teachers, comparisons to models in other countries like Malaysia, and addresses challenges and risks. The plan proposes using technology like smart boards, tablet PCs, and online resources to provide a high-quality education with an affordable fee structure. It also discusses marketing, operations, organizational structure, and risk assessments. The goal is to help achieve Pakistan's education targets by introducing an innovative ICT-based learning system.
The document discusses the role of teachers in a knowledge society and the importance of integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) into education. It notes that teachers will need to adapt to new ways of accessing and sharing knowledge through networking and collaboration. The development of ICT-enhanced teacher standards is seen as important to enable teachers to master technologies and improve teaching and learning. Standards should focus on technology operations, designing learning environments, and integrating technology into teaching and curriculum.
The document discusses literacy rates in India, Canada, and globally. It provides statistics on literacy rates in different regions and over time. Some key points include:
- In India in 2004, literacy rates were 6.9% in North America (42 million), 2.2% in Europe (13 million), and 2% in Asia (11.81 million).
- Rajasthan, India has seen increases in overall and female literacy rates from 1991 to 2001, though illiteracy remains high especially in rural areas.
- Factors contributing to low literacy in India include poor infrastructure, teacher shortages, and inadequate education spending.
- In Canada, 58% of adults aged 16-65 have basic reading skills
MACRO ECONOMIC POLICIES FOR EDUCATION IN DIGITAL ERA IN INDIAamita marwaha
The document discusses macroeconomic policies for education in India in the digital era and the need for education reform. It provides an overview of India's education system and policies, highlighting initiatives to expand access such as free education, non-formal education programs, and mid-day meal schemes. It also discusses the increasing role of information and communication technologies in education through initiatives like Edusat, an education satellite, and plans to provide broadband connectivity to secondary schools. Overall, the document argues that while access to education has increased, the system needs reform to fully leverage digital technologies and rethink how, what, and where people learn.
This document discusses current trends in e-learning in India. It begins with an abstract stating that e-learning utilizes information technologies to communicate and collaborate in education. The document then provides background on e-learning and its definition. It states that while e-learning has potential in India, adoption has been slow. It discusses the scope and growth of e-learning globally and in various countries, with India having the fifth highest growth rate at 55%. The document outlines challenges to e-learning in India, such as infrastructure and awareness in rural areas, and states that the future of e-learning in India is promising if these challenges can be addressed.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Pooja Devi to Dr. Supreet Sandhu at Eduris International in partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report analyzes India's higher education system and includes sections on declaration, acknowledgment, executive summary, introduction, company profile, literature review, methodology, objectives, data analysis, findings, recommendations, and conclusion. It provides an overview of India's education system, including primary, secondary, and higher education. It also discusses the role of education in national development and the changing nature of education as an industry.
The document discusses how educational technology can promote equal opportunities in education. It summarizes various educational technology initiatives in India that aimed to provide access to education through television and satellite programs for rural populations, including the SITE project from 1975-1976, the Gyan-Darsan educational TV channel launched in 2000, the EDUSAT satellite launched in 2004, and state-level organizations like CEC, SIET, C-DIT, and projects like Akshaya and IT@School. The goal of these programs was to make quality education accessible to students regardless of location or socioeconomic background through technology.
This document presents a new approach for human identification using sclera recognition. It begins with background on sclera and challenges with sclera recognition. It then describes the proposed methodology which includes sclera segmentation, feature extraction using Gabor filtering, and recognition using Bayesian classification. Experimental results show the false accept and reject rates for the approach. It concludes that sclera recognition is promising for human identification and can achieve accuracy comparable to iris recognition in visible light. The proposed approach uses Bayesian classification for recognition, which is more effective than previous matching score methods.
Fault detection and diagnosis of high speed switching devices in power invertereSAT Journals
Abstract
Power electronic based inverters are the major components in industry. A fault diagnostics framework composed of a pattern recognition system, having machine learning technology as its integral part is utilized for failure detection of different switches and tracing multiple types of faults in an inverter. Hardware point of view power electronics inverter can be considered to be the weakest link. Hence, this work is carried on detecting faults and classifies which switches in the inverter cause the fault. Diagnosis can help to avoid unplanned breakdown, to make possible to run an emergency operation in case of a fault. On the basis of theoretical foundations of electronic power inverter a simulation model has been developed to simulate the healthy condition and all single-switch open circuit faults. The generated signal is processed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Fuzzy Inference Logic (FIL). A smart and accurate classification of faults is obtained using simulation results, which are tested on a wide operation domain and various load conditions.
Keywords: Fault Diagnosis, DWT, Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Intelligence (AI).
This document summarizes a paper that presents a novel method for determining the optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers in a multi-machine power system using a Fuzzy Controlled Genetic Algorithm (FCGA). The proposed algorithm aims to simultaneously optimize the location, type, and rated values of FACTS controllers while minimizing the overall system cost, which includes generation and investment costs. The algorithm is tested on IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus test systems, incorporating thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) and unified power flow controller (UPFC) devices. Simulation results show the obtained solution is feasible and accurate for solving the optimal power flow problem.
1) The document reviews land acquisition policies and processes used in various countries around the world. It examines studies that analyzed land acquisition practices in countries like India, China, Nigeria, Malaysia, Mozambique, Ghana, Zambia, Tanzania, Bangladesh, and Vietnam.
2) The studies found that compensation provided to land owners for acquisition varied significantly between countries and sometimes within countries. Valuation methods also differed, though market value was commonly used.
3) No single best practice for land acquisition and compensation was identified. The document concludes that developing a transparent framework informed by principles, processes, and mechanisms could help improve compensation systems.
The document describes a method for image fusion and optimization using stationary wavelet transform and particle swarm optimization. It summarizes that image fusion combines information from multiple images to extract relevant information. The proposed method uses stationary wavelet transform for image decomposition and particle swarm optimization to optimize the fused results. It applies stationary wavelet transform to source images to decompose them into wavelet coefficients. Particle swarm optimization is then used to optimize the transformed images. The inverse stationary wavelet transform is applied to the optimized coefficients to generate the fused image. The method is tested on various images and performance is evaluated using metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio, entropy, mean square error and standard deviation.
This document discusses the importance of methodology in scientific research papers that aim to apply science and technology to address millennium challenges. It defines methodology as the framework and methods used in a research study. The document examines key components of methodology, including research design, study population, variables, sampling techniques, sample size determination, data collection methods, and data analysis. It provides examples for how to determine these methodological components and stresses that applying the appropriate methodology is essential for producing valid, high-quality research that can help solve important problems.
This document summarizes research into improving transient stability in power transmission systems using a Static VAR Compensator (SVC) with a hybrid PI-Fuzzy Logic controller. It begins with an introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and the role of SVC devices in voltage control and reactive power compensation. It then describes modeling an SVC and the operating principles of conventional PI control. The limitations of PI control for nonlinear systems are discussed. The document proposes a hybrid PI-Fuzzy Logic controller to combine the advantages of both. Simulation results using MATLAB on a 2-machine 3-bus test system show the hybrid controller improves performance during disturbances over PI or Fuzzy Logic control alone.
This document summarizes a study on the body composition of children participating in regular football, cricket, and gymnastics training. The study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition status of children in these three sports. Body composition measurements including body fat percentage, fat mass, and lean mass were taken for children in each sport. Statistical analysis found that footballers had significantly lower body fat percentage and fat mass than cricketers but did not differ significantly in lean mass. Footballers also had significantly lower body fat percentage and fat mass than cricketers as well as significantly higher lean mass. Gymnasts had significantly lower body fat percentage and fat mass than cricketers but did not differ significantly in lean mass. The study concluded that footballers generally had a better body
The document discusses an energy efficient geographic routing protocol called Energy Efficient Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (EEGAF) for wireless sensor networks. It summarizes the basic Geographic Adaptive Fidelity (GAF) protocol and then proposes EEGAF, which improves on GAF in two ways: 1) It enhances the discovery phase to reduce energy used by nodes during discovery. 2) It uses a location-aware multicast routing protocol called Location Aided Routing (LAR) for data transmission, which decreases energy consumption and optimizes network lifetime. The document evaluates EEGAF using MATLAB simulations and finds it performs better than GAF in terms of network lifetime, energy efficiency, and quality of service metrics like throughput and routing overhead.
This document describes the design and fabrication of a prototype for testing the durability of seat belt retractors. The current testing machine has limitations like not being able to test retractors at different mounting angles and extract/retract lengths. The new prototype aims to address these using a stepper motor, spring system instead of bungee, and sensors to detect the snatch produced every 4 cycles. It involves calculations to select components like the pneumatic cylinder, FRL unit, spring, and shaft based on the required forces, strokes and flows. A 3D model was developed and simulations conducted to validate the design. The physical prototype was then fabricated to cater to increasing demand for seat belt testing.
This document analyzes the effect of different mobility patterns on the AODV and OLSR routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) using various TCP variants. It simulates scenarios using the OPNET simulator with 60 nodes under static and random waypoint mobility models. The performance is evaluated in terms of packet end-to-end delay, traffic received, and throughput. The results show that the SACK TCP variant performs best under random waypoint mobility for both protocols, while Tahoe performs best under static mobility for OLSR. It also finds that AODV generally outperforms OLSR and that SACK is the best variant for AODV across both mobility patterns.
This document presents a study on the optimal design of a bi-layer perforated electromagnetic shield using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The study formulates the problem of minimizing the effective mass of the shield while meeting a target shielding effectiveness. It describes using a bi-layer of copper and permalloy with air holes to reduce mass. The IPSO algorithm is applied to determine the optimum thickness of each layer to minimize the effective mass subject to achieving an acceptable shielding effectiveness level based on standards. Simulation results show the proposed IPSO method finds solutions that provide shielding effectiveness comparable to standard values.
This document presents a novel malware clustering system based on kernel data structures. It introduces a data-centric malware defense architecture (DMDA) that models and detects malware behavior based on properties of kernel data objects targeted during attacks. The architecture consists of an external monitor that observes a target OS kernel to map dynamic kernel objects and identify memory access patterns specific to malware attacks in order to generate malware signatures and detect and cluster malware. It aims to complement traditional code-centric malware detection approaches by focusing on the manipulation of kernel data.
The document discusses securing biometric templates when transmitted over non-secure channels by selecting partial fingerprint and iris data, encrypting it using AES with an iris hash as the key, and transmitting the encrypted data. It outlines the need to protect biometric data due to risks of identity theft if templates are compromised. Various attacks on biometric systems and methods of template protection including cryptography and cancelable biometrics are also reviewed.
This document proposes laying fiber-optic cables underwater along the River Nile to connect cities in Sudan. It notes that the River Nile and its tributaries pass through many Sudanese cities, providing a natural pathway. Laying cables underwater would be more cost-effective than overland routes due to avoiding expenses like drilling and land permits. It suggests constructing monitoring centers every 100km and connecting cities within that distance to create a network with significant cost savings over traditional methods. In conclusion, an underwater fiber-optic network along the River Nile could efficiently connect inland Sudanese cities and provide benefits over satellite or overland cable routes.
89 jan-roger linna - 7032576 - capillary heating control and fault detectio...Mello_Patent_Registry
Jan-Roger Linna, John Paul Mello - Capillary Heating Control and Fault Detection System and Methodology for Fuel System in an Internal Combustion Engine
This document summarizes research on the numerical and experimental study of the effect of impeller design on the performance of submerged turbines. A Gorlov helical water turbine was designed, fabricated, and tested both theoretically using computational fluid dynamics software and experimentally in an open channel. The experimental results showed that power increased with water velocity, reaching 4.621 W at a velocity of 1.81 m/s. CFD modeling using Fluent agreed well with experimental results. The study evaluated turbine performance at various water velocities to optimize power extraction based on impeller design.
This document provides details on calculating various losses that occur in high voltage underground power cables, including dielectric losses, conductor losses, and sheath losses. It presents formulas to calculate voltage-dependent and current-dependent dielectric losses, as well as ohmic conductor losses and sheath eddy current and circulating current losses. The document also provides methods to calculate cable parameters like inductance, impedance, and mutual impedances between conductors and screen. It describes using these calculations and ETAP modeling to analyze losses in an existing 33kV cable network and determine that installing VAR compensators could reduce total daily power losses by approximately 2471 kW.
This document provides a review of optimization techniques for the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) process. It begins with an introduction to WEDM, describing the working principle and important process parameters like pulse width, time between pulses, servo reference voltage, and wire tension. The document then reviews literature on optimization methods that have been used to maximize material removal rate while minimizing electrode wear rate. Specifically, it discusses two studies that used Taguchi's design of experiments approach and desirability functions to optimize cutting conditions for different materials like minimizing wear rate and maximizing material removal rate in WEDM.
The document presents the results of an experimental investigation into the performance of a laboratory screw jack. Various tests were conducted by applying different loads between 450N and 100N to the screw jack. For each load, the mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, and mechanical efficiency were calculated. The results showed that the mechanical efficiency of the screw jack was always less than 50% since the mechanical advantage and velocity ratio were less than half. Frictional forces in the screw and base contributed to the efficiency not remaining constant across different loads.
1. The document discusses educational development in Indian rural areas. It notes that over 72% of India's population lives in rural areas and villages, so rural education plays a significant role in overall development.
2. Several problems are outlined with the rural education system, including lack of infrastructure, basic amenities, transportation, and fewer schools compared to urban areas. Teachers also earn less income than urban teachers.
3. Suggestions are provided to improve rural education, such as updating curriculums to include agriculture, using technology to engage students, and providing scholarships to reward high-performing students.
4. The government has introduced several initiatives to promote rural education, including the Right to Education Act, Sarva
Effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of ictAlexander Decker
This document discusses the effectiveness of open and distance education and the relevance of information and communication technology (ICT) in North-East India. It begins by providing background on the Indian education system and challenges like low literacy rates and high dropout rates. It then discusses how open and distance learning and ICT have helped increase access to education in the region. Some key points made include that open universities have helped many learners pursue education, ICT has made learning more engaging and practical, and institutions in North-East India like Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University have seen increasing enrollment through open and distance programs enabled by ICT. The document examines how ICT and open/distance learning can help address educational issues in North-
Digital Education: Scope and Challenges of a Developing SocietyMagic Software
Digital education has the potential to revolutionize India's education system by increasing access and affordability, especially for those in rural areas. However, India faces several challenges to fully realizing this potential, including lack of digital literacy and infrastructure among much of the population. While initiatives like expanding broadband access are helping, more needs to be done to address issues such as mobile and rural connectivity. Innovation is also needed to make digital education more interactive and ensure subjects like math can be effectively taught online. Overcoming barriers like the "digital divide" will require concerted efforts across government and all stakeholders to make digital education inclusive and sustainable for all.
GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN RURAL AREA_DR.SUSANA.pdfRajaGopal810405
This document provides a summary of a social immersion project report on girl child education in rural areas. It was conducted by 7 MBA students from Kumaraguru College of Technology under the guidance of Dr. D. Susana. The project involved desk research to understand existing issues with girl education in rural areas based on literature. It also included primary research through village visits to understand challenges first hand from parents and children. Key findings included lack of awareness among parents of benefits, and dropout rates being high due to various reasons like lack of infrastructure and facilities. The report provides recommendations to enhance support for girl education such as training programs, awareness creation, developing schools and infrastructure.
GIRL CHILD EDUCATION IN RURAL AREA_DR.SUSANA.docxRajaGopal810405
This document provides a summary of a social immersion project report on girl child education in rural areas. It begins with an introduction on the importance of female education. It then outlines findings from desk research on challenges to girl child education and government policies and NGO programs to promote it. Key insights from field visits to villages are presented, such as parents' and children's attitudes. Barriers like lack of infrastructure and awareness are identified. The report concludes with recommendations to enhance support for girl child education through training programs, awareness creation, and infrastructure development.
The reading index in Indonesia is still relatively low, so many students are victims of fake news that develops on social media. In addition, students have not been able to utilize digital technology as digital literacy to the fullest, so it has implications for the weakness of knowledge about civic literacy. The research design used is a literature review and the type of qualitative research. The research method is literature, while the data collection technique uses document studies and the data analysis used is content analysis. Civic literacy has an important role in facing the era of society 5.0, with the ability of civic literacy, really helps students to participate in realizing the harmony of the life of the nation and state. Society 5.0 has a formidable challenge for higher education if each lecturer does not equip students with civic literacy skills. Strategies to strengthen civic literacy through digital literacy can be carried out effectively, by implementing varied learning methods and using digital-based learning media. Through this, students will be interested in learning, considering that students are a digital native generation who cannot be separated from digital technology. Strengthening civic literacy is very effective by utilizing digital literacy so that every student can adapt to the times, especially society in the 5.0 era.
Indonesia faces challenges in developing the skills and potential of its large young population. While Indonesia will reach a demographic dividend in 2037 when the working age population outnumbers dependents, many youth lack skills needed for employment. The COVID-19 pandemic further delayed youth employment. UNICEF is collaborating with East Java province to provide skills training to 2,000 marginalized adolescents in 2022, focusing on 21st century skills, digital skills, and entrepreneurship. In 2023, UNICEF will work to integrate these skills into East Java's existing curriculum and platforms to scale up skills development for more adolescents, especially girls.
Information and communication technology (ict) among school going childrenAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among school-going children in Sambalpur, India. It finds that ICT provides easy access to learning resources for students and helps bridge the gap between time and space by making education available anytime, anywhere. ICT is also found to be a powerful motivating tool for students by making the learning process more interactive and engaging. The study concludes that ICT can help transform education from a teacher-centered model to a more student-centered one and promote self-directed learning.
TEDx Phnom Penh - Heroes and innovations in educationsamng
Presented at a TEDx workshop session in Phnom Penh on 22 May 2012. The session reviewed existing materials on TED and looked at other innovations in education with a particular focus on developing countries (like Cambodia) and the role of technology.
The document discusses issues with and proposed solutions to improving primary education in India. Key issues include lack of access to education due to inequalities, poor teacher performance and absenteeism, inadequate infrastructure, and not enough teachers. Proposed solutions include improving teacher skills, focusing on e-learning and virtual schooling, changing grading systems, and having both public and private sectors collaborate on education. For solutions to be implemented, factors like teacher training, providing school resources, reducing education costs, and creating awareness about education's importance are discussed. Challenges to the solutions include lack of cooperation, corruption, poverty, and child labor.
This document provides a vision for improving higher education in India. It discusses how India currently does not rank highly in global university rankings and identifies issues with access, equity, quality, and relevance of education. The document proposes focusing on unifying public and private institutions and inspiring excellence. It discusses establishing autonomous educational hubs, improving the industry-academia relationship, using technology to improve rural education, and the need for greater resources to achieve the goals of access, equity, and quality for higher education in India.
How NGOs Are Working to Improve Access to Education in India.pdfsetufoundation1
Access to quality education is a fundamental right, yet many regions in India still face significant challenges in ensuring equitable educational opportunities. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are playing a crucial role in bridging this gap by implementing innovative and impactful initiatives. In this article, we will delve into the ways Noida NGOs are working to improve access to education in India, highlighting eight key points that showcase their transformative efforts and their contribution to shaping a brighter future for the country's youth.
Literacy and current university graduates status and concernsSatnarainSingh
This presentation relates to literacy and current university graduates status and concern. This starts with the tagline "Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting". You can view the current status of literacy. Hope it will be useful for you the learner.
Problems of Elementary Education in Valsad District of Gujaratijtsrd
The present paper attempts to study the status and prevailing condition of Elementary Education in Valsad district of Gujarat. Descriptive Survey was used as the methodology of the study. In the study, 20 primary school of which 10 each from private and government were selected through random sampling technique. A self made questionnaire was employed as the tool of the study with Mean percentage as the statistical technique in order to collect, analyze the data. From the study, it came to draw that Elementary Education is the beginning of education. Even though there were many Government primary schools it was not that developed and properly maintained. Many defects existed as compare to private schools. So, it is the right time for the government to take serious initiative for the development and proper functioning of Elementary Education in the district as well as in the State as a whole. Dr. Ritesh R. Patel "Problems of Elementary Education in Valsad District of Gujarat" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35714.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/35714/problems-of-elementary-education-in-valsad-district-of-gujarat/dr-ritesh-r-patel
This document discusses the importance of education, with a focus on women's education in Pakistan. It notes that while women make up 51% of Pakistan's population, their literacy rates are significantly lower than men's, especially in rural areas. Several reasons for low female literacy are presented, including parents not allowing girls to attend school, the cost of education being too high, schools being too far away, and girls needing to help at home or work. The document then outlines a policy program to increase female education rates through upgrading schools, allocating funds from taxes and zakat, public-private partnerships, and community outreach efforts.
MeLTs: A new approach to delivery of e-learning in remote and un- served rur...bkizzy
This document summarizes a project to deliver e-learning to remote rural areas in India using mobile e-learning terminals (MeLTs). The project is a collaboration between SMVD University and IIT Roorkee, funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development. A needs assessment survey found limited ICT infrastructure available only to some institutions. The project aims to address this by deploying MeLTs, which are mobile data delivery units that provide connectivity to underserved schools. The goal is to provide students access to e-lectures and educational content free of cost to help reduce the digital divide between urban and rural areas.
Development of indian education system {DIES}HackerWorld1
The document summarizes the development of the Indian education system. It discusses the topics covered by each team member, including the historic methods of education in India, the main problems facing the Indian education system, the latest rules and patterns implemented, and how to connect technology to education. It notes that India has made progress in increasing primary education rates but still needs to catch up to developed nations in tertiary education enrollment. The document then goes on to discuss in more detail some of the key challenges facing the Indian education system and potential solutions to improve it.
The document discusses the education sector in India. It begins by defining education and describing the various stages and methods of education. It then discusses the education sector specifically in India, noting that India has one of the largest networks of higher education institutions in the world. It provides statistics on the number of colleges, universities, and students enrolled in higher education in India. The document also discusses government initiatives to improve the education system and notes that the education services sector in India is poised for major growth in the coming years.
TECHNOLOGY INTO TEACHER TRAINING AND THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTPhumlani Majola
The document discusses technology integration into teacher training and professional development. It outlines the goals of developing a knowledge society, the pervasiveness of technology, and education for all. National strategic objectives include providing free education for all, improving adult literacy, and developing teachers' skills in technology integration based on ICT standards. The goals are to design technology-enhanced learning experiences, engage in professional growth, and model digital learning.
The document discusses the impact of COVID-19 on education in India. It notes that over 320 million learners in India were unable to attend school due to lockdowns. While online education has helped continue learning, digital infrastructure limitations in India, especially in rural areas, have posed challenges. Both students and teachers faced difficulties adapting to online platforms due to a lack of resources and training. However, online learning has also created opportunities to improve digital literacy and make education more accessible. Going forward, the document suggests India promote blended learning models and boost access to virtual learning to reduce inequalities exacerbated by the pandemic.
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
This document reviews cryptography techniques to secure the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc networks. It discusses various types of attacks on AODV like impersonation, denial of service, eavesdropping, black hole attacks, wormhole attacks, and Sybil attacks. It then proposes using the RC6 cryptography algorithm to secure AODV by encrypting data packets and detecting and removing malicious nodes launching black hole attacks. Simulation results show that after applying RC6, the packet delivery ratio and throughput of AODV increase while delay decreases, improving the security and performance of the network under attack.
The document describes a proposed modification to the conventional Booth multiplier that aims to increase its speed by applying concepts from Vedic mathematics. Specifically, it utilizes the Urdhva Tiryakbhyam formula to generate all partial products concurrently rather than sequentially. The proposed 8x8 bit multiplier was coded in VHDL, simulated, and found to have a path delay 44.35% lower than a conventional Booth multiplier, demonstrating its potential for higher speed.
This document discusses image deblurring techniques. It begins by introducing image restoration and focusing on image deblurring. It then discusses challenges with image deblurring being an ill-posed problem. It reviews existing approaches to screen image deconvolution including estimating point spread functions and iteratively estimating blur kernels and sharp images. The document also discusses handling spatially variant blur and summarizes the relationship between the proposed method and previous work for different blur types. It proposes using color filters in the aperture to exploit parallax cues for segmentation and blur estimation. Finally, it proposes moving the image sensor circularly during exposure to prevent high frequency attenuation from motion blur.
This document describes modeling an adaptive controller for an aircraft roll control system using PID, fuzzy-PID, and genetic algorithm. It begins by introducing the aircraft roll control system and motivation for developing an adaptive controller to minimize errors from noisy analog sensor signals. It then provides the mathematical model of aircraft roll dynamics and describes modeling the real-time flight control system in MATLAB/Simulink. The document evaluates PID, fuzzy-PID, and PID-GA (genetic algorithm) controllers for aircraft roll control and finds that the PID-GA controller delivers the best performance.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
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1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 2, Ver. III (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 30-34
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17233034 www.iosrjournals.org 30 | Page
Information technology implementation for educational
development of rural India – A review
Ms. Ashwini Bodkurwar1
, Dr. Rajeshkumar U. Sambhe*
1(
Student, Deptt. Of Information Technology, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Yavatmal, India.)
*(
Guide & Associate Professor, Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology, Yavatmal, India)
Abstract : India as a developing country is on its path of revolution in every aspect. But the poor economy and
low per capita income of families in India affects the quality of education. As India comprises 70% of rural area
it is necessary to develop it so as to develop India as a whole. In this context, special concern is given to how
Information Technology has proven beneficial in educational development of rural India also we provide in this
chapter, an overview of educational progress of India over decades, facilities for rural children, projects
undertaken by government to implement educational surveys and initiative measures. This paper concerns with
the availability of education through Information Technology in rural India.
Keywords: Education, ICT, Rural Development.
I. Introduction
The development of a country primarily depends on its education system. Literacy is another proper
indicator of economic development. In case of India, it is still developing nation since its education system lacks
behind than many other developed nations, it is important that we must understand the need of education and its
role in carving future of Indian youths. There are many areas which can be studied regarding development of
education system in India.
Information Technology plays a very vital role in developing the rural education system in India as
well as it ensures awareness among the rural population about importance of education. Indian education system
has got contribution from both public as well as private sector; it is controlled by Central government as well as
state government [1].
The following points are to be discussed in the paper with reference to “IT implementation for
educational development of rural India”:
A. Overview of Indian education system.
B. Problems faced by students in rural area.
C. Adult literacy.
D. Women education.
E. ICT for quality of education.
F. Advanced technology and tools.
G. Approaches:
(i) Village knowledge centers.
(ii) E-learning centers.
(iii) Open universities and distance learning.
(iv) Increased use of mobile technology.
(v) Teachers and online learning activities.
India is on path of being a developed nation yet so far and beyond many other nations but with above
approaches and various projects undertaken by our government, it will soon emerge and rise above as a
developed nation.
It seems to be paradoxical that modern information technology (IT), associated in our minds with developed
country markets and capital-intensive methods of production, has any relevance for a country where many
millions still lack basic needs [2].
2. Overview of Indian education system
The state and district administrations generally manage the school and education system in India. In
last couple of decades many education supporting institutions came into existence, such as:
District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
2. Information technology implementation for educational development of rural India – A review
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17233034 www.iosrjournals.org 31 | Page
State Implementation Societies
State Councils of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)
State Institutes of Educational Management and Training (SIEMAT)
District Institutes of Education and Training (DIET)
Block Resource Centers (BRC)
Cluster Resource Centers (CRC)
Village Education Committees (VEC), as well as an increased involvement of NGOs, that have acted as a
counterweight to what is often an overly bureaucratic and hierarchical administration.
There are broadly four stages of school education in India namely: elementary, secondary education
(SE) and higher secondary education (HSE) [3]. Since there is great cultural and linguistic diversity in India
schools may be of different types on the basis of course and medium offered like English medium, Semi-English
medium, Hindi medium, Marathi medium, Urdu medium, etc. These schools are run by either government
organizations or by some private bodies and these private schools may be aided or unaided by government.
There are some schools which are not recognized by our government but they do offer education.
II. Problems Faced By Students In Rural Area.
There are many barriers faced by village students however there are some common barriers which if
solved providing education would be much more relevant and easier to implement.
2.1 Faculty
Adequate teachers are not present to deliver education; the main reason behind this is low wages. Since
low income is paid to the village school teachers, people are not willing to teach in rural schools and this leads
to poor quality education and teachers may pay less attention to the students. Many times a single teacher
teaches all the offered subjects to a particular class.
2.2 Infrastructure
Village schools do not have proper infrastructure, adequate classrooms are not available and most of
the time the KG students study in open grounds or beneath some old big tree in village. Sometimes students of
different class have to share a single class. Also absence of toilets is a big issue. Girls and boys need to share a
single toilet which is used even by the teaching staff in some cases.
2.3 Lack of transport facilities and study material
Extremely backward villages do not have their own schools and hence they need to educate their
children in nearby villages or cities but due to lack of transport facilities children cannot travel far to come to
school. Also children don‟t have proper textbooks of their current course.
III. Adult Literacy
India has a total literacy rate of 74.64% according to “Census of India 2011, Office of Registrar
General of India‟, male literacy rate of 82.14% and female literacy rate of 65.46% according to the 2011 census.
According to the UNESCO‟s Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report 2011, India was home to
283,105,000 illiterates (aged 15 and over) in the year 2008, out of the 795,805,000 adult illiterates around the
world. Thus India accounts for 35.57 % of the global adult illiterate population (aged 15 and over), making it
home to the largest population of illiterates [4]. Hence if we only concentrate towards children education, the
problem of illiteracy will still prevail among the adults of our country. Since the adult population has to rely on
work for their living it is impossible for them to attain classes hence information technology provides a great
means to solve this problem. This problem can be solved by proposed tablet based educational system, called
EduPad. It can considerably reduce the literacy problem in an interactive way than the conventional class room
system [5]. Internet can be a great source of education for adults; through the video tutorials they can learn
many things, internet is a mine of many things. We can extract data in any form from internet whether as text,
images, audio or videos.
IV. Women Education
Our population is growing day by day which is a serious issue but this problem can be solved by adult
literacy especially education among women. Women's studies should be promoted as a part of various courses
and educational institutions should encourage taking up active programs implemented using information
technology to further women's development. Social awareness programs related to female education are always
launched at different places but despite of that literacy rate of females in India always lag behind than men. In
3. Information technology implementation for educational development of rural India – A review
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17233034 www.iosrjournals.org 32 | Page
1995, 62.3% of the female population in India was illiterate as compared to the 34.5% of males (UNESCO,
1995); In rural areas, the illiteracy rate is at least 67% for women aged 15 and above, and ranges from 80% to
90% for women aged 25 to 59 years [6]. Incomplete education is same as being not educated at all, maximum
females in rural India are school dropouts because of various reasons such as
Early marriage of girls.
Financial inconvenience in a family where parents don‟t want to spend money on their daughter‟s
education.
Male dominated families which do not allow females to study as they think that the only purpose of girls is
to cook and look after household chores and children.
Possessiveness of parents towards girl child, who think that it‟s not safe to enroll their daughters in schools
and colleges, etc.
In order to attain total literacy in India it is necessary to overcome all these barriers and apply special concern
towards women education especially in rural areas.
V. ICT For Quality Education.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a development strategy for developed as well as
developing nations. It can bring out great social transformations through access to people and creating
awareness. ICT can provide great opportunities to poor people by letting them access markets, health, and
education. ICT is not related with only item like the internet, computer or telecommunications but it is a
convergence of different electronic tools that facilitate the functions of information processing and
communication, including transmission and display [7]. ICT can be effectively used for educational
development.
Information technology (IT) is mine to technological things and their application but when it comes to
improvement of education quality it cannot help while Communication technology had achieved many
developments. The hardware, software, the methods used in acquiring, storing, processing and displaying data
and information is collectively known as Information Technology (IT), Hardware, know how, programs and the
methods used in ensuring that message is transmitted correctly, efficiently and cost effectively are collectively
known as Communication Technology (CT), IT and CT as a combination gave birth to ICT, together they are
more beneficial than one alone and hence development in both the fields is necessary [8]. Many students are not
able to attain schools and colleges due to some personal barriers, ICT help them with distance education also it
reduces the cost of teaching by reducing the required number of teachers.
5.1 ICT Tools
ICT tools are efficiently used for imparting knowledge, tools such as Television, Mobile phone,
Laptops, Tablets, Radio, Internet, Computer and PCs are effectively used for this purpose. Certain ICT tools like
laptops, PCs, mobile phones, and PDAs have their own implication in Education. These devices can be used in
imparting education and training for teachers and students. IGNOU still uses radio for pedagogical practices in
India [9]. ICT is not for developing a educator‟s skill instead it is useful in creating a suitable learning
environment for students. ICTs include fixed-line telephony, mobile telephony, newspapers, radio, television,
radio trunking, very small aperture terminal (VSAT), computer, and internet must be accessible to rural public
as per their demand.
5.2 ICT and teachers Training
There are many barriers and challenges in present education system, ICT is a tool which can help
remove those barriers but to implement it for imparting education the teachers must be comfortable with ICT
tools and hence training teachers and continuing education in a convenient manner foe them is necessary for its
proper implementation. Also there are frequent shifts in these technologies so it is necessary for teachers and
students to understand these changes to impose these techniques [10].
ICT delivers training and teaching practices as well. To enable distance learning program driven by
ICT the teachers must be given an opportunity to understand the technology first and they must acquire new
knowledge to be promoted. Computer training programmes must be promoted for teachers. Many countries are
recognizing the use of ICT for teachers training like south Asian countries and Intel tech teacher training
programmes are running across India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Microsoft Shiksha in India; and several other
initiatives in Nepal and Bhutan are focused on using ICTs for training teachers [9].
Training sessions must be held at district level and for ease at least one teacher from each school must
be sent for training to get certain basic knowledge about ICT and its application in school curriculum, the
training lectures must be issued by teachers or trainers who are well known with implementation of ICT and its
application. Visualiser can be easily operated and used by teachers which is an cost effective, easy to use and
4. Information technology implementation for educational development of rural India – A review
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17233034 www.iosrjournals.org 33 | Page
time saving tool for education in schools and colleges, It decreases teacher„s preparation time, increases
interactivity with students and student concentration in complex issues [11].
VI. Advanced Technology And Tools.
Rural area is still far behind in using technologies such as e-learning, the only way of teaching there is
using a blackboard and chalk but in many places modern path of using communication technologies is adopted
like televisions and radios. In India (2004), Edusat was launched to support education, ISRO launched EDUSAT
successfully for presenting the education videos; Currently, due to advancement in internet technologies with
respect to speed and high coverage‟s, advanced internet technologies and tools like Virtualization, Cloud
technologies and Moodle can also be implemented in the rural education system where students can get on-
demand services at anytime and anywhere [12]. These technologies can be helpful in providing education.
6.1 Cloud Computing
Cloud computing not being a hardware technology offers various ways for educational purpose. Cloud
computing allows organizations to increase computing capacity or add computing capabilities without needing
to invest in infrastructure or train additional personnel, it acts as an off-site, online server and offers a robust and
flexible way to store important data or programs and to save money without requiring additional service
personnel or physical storage technology while this system was piloted in 2008 for 192 schools around the
capital city and the Ministry of Education is considering expanding the service to reach an additional 350
schools [13].
6.2 Moodle
Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) is a online learning service for
courses that are internet based, it also provides educational websites. It has features such as: Assignment
submission, Discussion forum, Files download, Grading, Moodle instant messages, on-line calendar, on-line
news and announcement, on-line quiz and Wiki; it has many tools to enhance students and teachers‟ experience
in a course, such as: Assignments, Chats, Choices, Databases Forums, Glossaries Lessons, Quizzes Resources,
SCORM Surveys and Wikis [14].
6.3 Wikis
Wikis provide vast information and it can be edited by anyone thus providing opportunity to everyone
for placing their knowledge which can then be available to any person using it.
Wikis are generally open sources and hence a cheaper way, wiki‟s writing is easy to learn and
incorporate with technical support available online. It has access control to restrict unauthorized users. Wikis
can be accessed from any browser and anywhere we want. It is a great teaching tool provided that it must be
used wisely.
6.4 Online Media
Online media also provide a way to implement modern ways to teach, students learn better by
observation and visual presentation than hearing only; short videos which are available online help to
understand things more clearly. For example: The working of technical instruments and tools could be
understood more easily through videos rather than written text depicting their working.
VII. Approaches
7.1 Village knowledge centers.
Village knowledge centers should be established in rural areas one like “The M.S. Swaminathan
Research Foundation” (MSSRF) is a non-profit organization founded by the noted Indian Food and Agricultural
scientist, Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, in 1998, the foundation started the “Village Knowledge Centers” project [15].
Some conditions are set by them like the villagers should provide a room which will be open to all the
community members and the cost of electricity must be funded by the village. Such centers solve the problem of
adult literacy and knowledge regarding agriculture, education, social awareness, health awareness can be
provided.
7.2 E-learning centers.
An E-learning centre is a place where the people are taught how to read and write by using visual and
audio content, the ICT based E-Learning system play a vital role in enhancing on line education for social and
economic change in rural society [16]. Such way of issuing education can be delivered anywhere and anytime
possible and hence it is a flexible way of learning.
5. Information technology implementation for educational development of rural India – A review
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17233034 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
7.3 Open universities and distance learning: Students are many times unable to attain schools due to social or
physical barriers. Social barriers include early marriage of females, in our society girls are generally not allowed
to study after marriage which leads to illiteracy while physical barriers include unavailability of school nearby
and due to poor transport facilities, one cannot attain schools. The concept of open universities and distance
learning solve this problem. The flexibility and innovativeness of the open learning system are particularly
suited to the diverse requirements of the citizens of our country, including those who had joined the vocational
stream [17].
7.4 Increased use of mobile technology: The increasing trend of using androids and smart phones is
increasing rapidly, various mobile applications are available that promote education like e-books which can be
maintained in our mobile and one can read it anytime, anywhere. Some mobile initiatives enable English
learning also but due to small screen size it is many times not feasible to use mobile technology also there is a
limit on storage space for data, these problems limit the use of mobile technologies for implementing education.
7.5 Online learning activities: Various websites and portals are available where teachers can share information
and activities related to imparting education with each others, Government of India is developing new portals
and websites to initiates these ideas on practical basis such that teachers can network and thus transfer the
knowledge further. It enables the teachers to share their experiences with each other.
VIII. Conclusion
We had enlightened educational conditions and environment of rural India. There are various areas in
which we must provide attention to enhance education in India. Despite of providing facilities for quality
education, low attendance of students as well as teachers is issue of concern.Government is providing
scholarships and is increasing access to education of girls and students of special category like SC, ST, VJ, NT
(A, B, C) with help of Information Technology by providing online scholarship forms, minority scholarships,
etc. Also free primary education is provided in government schools to initiate imparting education among rural
poor children.ICT had helped in imparting quality education to a great extent in India; it had also eased the
problem of training teachers and teaching them about new technologies and tools to implement education in a
broader sense. Advanced technological tools are developed a lot in every aspect within last decade; their
implementation had increased to a greater extent in imparting knowledge.Internet had become a great source of
knowledge for every student of any age group. Tools such as wikis is a home to learners as well as teachers, it
may be changed or edited by anyone who knows better thus it provides flexibility.Using Information
Technology India had developed its educational system to higher level but it is still far behind in many aspects,
these areas can be covered by further implementing IT for the sake of educational development of rural India.
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