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Launch Vehicles and Propulsion_Satellite Communication
Launch vehicles use multi-stage configurations and rocket propulsion to inject payloads into specific orbital trajectories based on velocity and altitude, with chemical propulsion being the most common but ion engines providing higher exhaust velocities. Satellites are launched on expendable or reusable vehicles depending on their design from sites around the world, with factors like Earth's rotation sometimes providing an assist through sling effect to reduce launch costs. Over 2500 satellites currently orbit Earth for purposes including communication, and careful orbital placement prevents collisions despite increasing congestion.
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- 1. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION (Unit-1 SatelliteOrbits) LAUNCH VEHICLES AND PROPULSION Prepared by L.K.Balaji Vignesh, Assistant Professor/ECE
- 2. CONTENT: • WHAT ISLAUNCH VEHICLES AND PROPULSION • TYPES OF LAUNCH VEHICLE • CONCEPTS IN LAUNCHING A SATELLITE • SOME INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT SATELLITE COMMUNCATION
- 3. LAUNCHES A satellite cannotbe placed at a stable orbit unless two parameters are uniquely coupled together. Those parameters are, • The velocity vector • The orbital height
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- 6. LAUNCH VEHICLES • Inspace flight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket a is a rocket used to carry a payload from Earth’s surface into outer space. • A launch system includes the launch pad and other infrastructure. • Each orbital launch vehicles typically have atleast two stages, often three or sometimes four or five
- 7. Types of launchvehicles • Expendable launch vehicles – Designed for one time use. • Reusable launch vehicles – Designed to be recovered impact and launched again. • We can classified the launch vehicle by, - Amount of mass they can carry into orbit.
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- 9. Propulsion • A forcethat pushes something forward. • Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites. • Rocket engine used in spacecraft propulsion.
- 10. How does arocket related to Newton’s Third Law of motion? • Newton’s Third Law states that “every action has an equal and opposite reaction”. • This law explains the generation of thrust by a rocket engine. • In a rocket, burning fuel creates a push on the front of the rocket pushing it forward. • This creates an equal and opposite push on the exhaust gas backward.
- 11. 1.PRINCIPLES OF ROCKETEQUATION:
- 14. 2.Thrust • Thrust isthe force which moves the rocket through the air, and through space. • Thrust is generated by the propulsion system of the rocked through the application of Newton’s Third Law of motion.
- 16. 3.SPECIFIC IMPULSE • Thecharacteristic that is most often used to describe the propellant performance is called specific impulse (Isp).
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- 19. 6.Ion Engines • Toachieve high exhaust velocities is through the use of engines.
- 20. 7.Powered Flight • Thelaunch vehicle acceleration depends on the thrust of engine. • The thrust F increases as the atmospheric pressure decreases.
- 21. 8.Earth’s Rotation • Ifcorrect direction can be considered as free to launch vehicle then it is sometimes called sling effect.
- 22. 9. Injection intothe final orbit • Parking orbit • Transfer orbit (or) Hohmann transfer orbit.
- 24. Polar satellite launchvehicle(PSLV) • It is an Expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). • C38-PSLV-XL 23 June 2017- 9:29AM • 29 Nano satellite from 14 countries… • Total weight 955kg. • 37 crore($5.7million)
- 27. Some interesting factsabout satellite communication: • There are over 2500 satellites in orbit round the earth. • Geostationary satellite orbit the equator at the speed of the Earth’s rotation so seem not to move. • In 2009 two communications satellites, from the US and Russia, collided. This is the only time two man-made satellites have collided by accident.
- 28. Why don’t satellitecrash into each other?
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