Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
Attitude & orbital control system, TTC & M system, Power system, Communication subsystem, Satellite antenna, Space qualification, Equipment Reliability, redundancy
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
the objective of the Lecture
To understand the Satellite Subsytems. The subsytems are....
1 Attitude and Orbital Control Subsystem which covered in previous lecture
2.Telemtry Tracking Command and Monitoring.
3. Power System
4.Communication system
GPS World wide navigation and tracking systemarafyghazali
completer description about the historu and invention,developmental stages,architecture,working,advantages,errors,signals,functionality,aims,advancements and future prospects and remedies of solution about global positioning system.GPS
Application of differential systems in global navigation satellite systemsAli N.Khojasteh
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) include different parts such as control and monitoring stations for the Earth and space settings. Timing, positioning, and control of navigation methods are the main outputs of GNSS. Based on Approach Procedure with Vertical guidance (APV), local and global Satellite Navigation Systems used for positioning and precision approach in aviation instead of present systems like Instrumental Landing Systems (ILS) and its future predict of ICAO. But these systems have errors in positioning and
velocity measurements. The differential corrections are determined by single or multiple reference stations. The single reference station concept is simple but the position accuracy is decreases. This article compares differential systems methods for correcting the errors.
Faculty of Engineering - Cairo University
Satellite Communication Course project was to present on some satellite systems. I chose ORBCOMM Satellite System.
Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) techniqueIJERD Editor
In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid
global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To
remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be
estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with
unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous
machine.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TTC & M BLOCK DIAGRAM
3. TTC & M FUNCTIONS
4. TTC & M BACKUP SYSTEM
5. TELEMETRY SYSTEM
6. MONITORING SYSTEM
7. TRACKING SYSTEM
8. COMMAND SYSTEM
9. COMMANDS USED
10. REFERENCES
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
3. INTRODUCTION
The TTC & M system provides various essential communication to & from
the spacecraft.
TTC & M is the only way to observe and to control the satellite’s functions
& condition from the ground.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
4. TTC & M BLOCK DIAGRAM
TTC & M is a narrowband link –
allows for high sensitivity reception.
At the earth station measured data is
processed & commands are issued to
the satellite.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
5. TTC & M FUNCTIONS
1. Reporting spacecraft health.
2. Control the orbit and attitude of the satellite.
3. Monitoring command actions.
4. Monitor the status of all sensors and subsystems on the
satellite.
5. Switch on or off sections of the communication system.
6. Control of payload (communications, etc.).
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
6. TTC & M BACKUP SYSTEM
The main system can be used only after the correct attitude of the
satellite is achieved, i.e. it is inoperable.
The backup system provides controls to important sections which can be
used to bring the main system in operation
In case, the main TTC & M system fails, the backup system is used to
keep the satellite on station. It is also used to eject the satellite from
geostationary orbit.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
7. TELEMETRY SYSTEM
Telemetry : The telemetry system sends data received from sensors on the
satellite to monitor the satellite’s health, via telemetry link to the
controlling earth station.
Telemetry data are usually digitized and transmitted as phase shift keying
of a low-power telemetry carrier using time division techniques.
A low data rate (downlink bit rates up to 8 Mbps) is normally used to
allow the receiver at the earth station to have a narrow BW & thus maintain
a high carrier to noise ratio.
The sensor data and the status of each subsystem, can be reported back to
the earth by the telemetry system.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
8. MONITORING SYSTEM
The monitoring system collects data from many sensors within the satellite
& analyze these data to the controlling earth station.
Monitoring parameters :pressure, temperature, voltage, current.
The evaluation of each component in the ground station is a very crucial
process so as to maintain optimal level in the performance of each of
the components.
Alarms can also be sounded if any vital parameter goes outside
allowable limits.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
9. MONITORING SYSTEM - CONT’D
Attitude maintenance sighting devices are monitored via telemetry link.
In failure case the satellite points in the wrong direction. The faulty unit
must then be disconnected and a spare brought in, via the command
system, or some other means of controlling attitude devised.
These comparisons are done to take corrective or preventive action
whenever required to prevent failure or delays in the mission timelines.
Parameters measured: AGC & BER [2]
AGC: It is the plot between time and power. It helps us to determine the
satellite anomalies.
BER: The figure of merit for a digital radio link is its Bit Error Rate
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
10. TRACKING SYSTEM
Tracking : The tracking system at the earth station provides information
on the range, elevation, and azimuth of the satellite needed in computing
orbital elements.
Ranging measurements Ranging tones.
The earth station controlling the satellite can observe the Doppler shift of
the telemetry carrier or beacon transmitter carrier to determine the rate at
which range is changing.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
11. TRACKING SYSTEM – CONT’D
One of the technique to determine the current position of an orbit is
by integrating the data obtained by velocity and acceleration sensors.
Triangulation method is used to determine the position of a satellite
when a sufficient number of earth stations with adequate separation are
observing it.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
12. COMMAND SYSTEM
During launch sequence
Switch on power
Deploy antennas and solar panels
Point antennas to desired location
In orbit
Maintain spacecraft thermal balance
Control payload, thrusters, etc.
Encryption of commands and responses is used to provide security in the
command system, so that the risk of satellite malfunction due to erroneous
commands is minimized.
The command and telemetry links can operate in the same frequency band (6
& 4GHz) but they are usually separated from the communication system.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
13. COMMANDS USED
UNIX:
The monitor supplies commands for managing satellite files ( cat, cd,
chmod, chsize, cp, create, df, ls, mv, pwd, rm, quit ).
For communicating with the host ( hcu ), and for executing application
programs ( exec ).
An additional command ( help ) gives a synopsis of all the satellite
commands.
Satellite utility programs include makefsys, diskcp, garead, and boot.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
14. COMMANDS USED – CONT’D
Useful Commands for Satellite CCRMA:
https://ccrma.stanford.edu/wiki/Useful_Commands_for_Satellite_CCRMA
Useful Commands for Satellite Nv:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k_r4-
3/interfaces/command/reference/b_interfaces_cr43xasr9k/b_interfaces_cr43
xasr9k_chapter_01110.pdf
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING
15. REFERENCES
[1] Satellite communication by T Pratt, C.Bostian & J.Allnutt, Wiley.
[2] Chaithra. N, Akhil.V “Telemetry, Tracking, Command and Monitoring
on Ground Station Parameters for Satellites” by, IJAEEE Journal, vol
no.5, issue no.6, 2016.
TELEMETRY, TRACKING COMMAND
& MONITORING