This document discusses laryngitis, tracheitis, and bronchitis in horses, which are inflammations of the upper respiratory tract. The main clinical signs are coughing and inspiratory dyspnea. Common causes include equine viral influenza, equine viral arteritis, equine herpes virus, and strangles. Treatment involves rest, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, corticosteroids for chronic cases, and occasionally tracheotomy for severe cases with marked breathing difficulty.

1. LARYNGITIS, TRACHITIS AND BRONCHITIS
(Upper respiratory tract affection)
‫أ‬.‫د‬/‫محمد‬‫محمدي‬‫غانم‬
‫الباطنة‬ ‫األمراض‬ ‫أستاذ‬
‫الحيوان‬ ‫طب‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫ورئيس‬
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LARYNGITIS, TRACHITIS AND
BRONCHITIS
(Upper respiratory tract affection)
 Inflammation of upper respiratory tract
characterized clinically by coughing and
inspiratory dyspnea

3. Etiology:
 1- Equine viral influenza.
 2- Equine viral arteritis.
 3- Equine herpes virus.
 4- Strangles (streptococcus equi)
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Clinical findings
 Coughing and inspiratory dyspnea
are the two common clinical signs.
1- In the early acute stages, the cough
is usually dry non-productive and is
easily induced by grasping the larynx
and trachea.
2- In the chronic stages, the cough
may be less frequent distressing and
usually dry and harsh.

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Induction of cough (cough test) by
grasping larynx

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 3-Moist cough and thick mucous, flecks of
blood and fibrin may be coughed if the
lesions cause much exudation or
ulceration of the mucosa.
 4- Inspiratory dyspnea varies with the
degree of obstruction and is usually
accompanied by a loud stridor and harsh
breath sounds on each inspiration (these
are best heard over the trachea)

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Diagnosis
 (I) History
 (II) Clinical examination.
 (III) Endoscopic examination:
 Examination of upper respiratory tract with
fiberoptic endoscope

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Scant mucus in trachea of a healthy horse

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mucus or mucopurulent secretions in the
trachea of a horse

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Treatment
 1- Rest and avoidance of exposure to
inclement weather may resolve
spontaneously the common viral
infection.
 2- Secondary bacterial complication
must be treated with the appropriate
antibacterial agent (antibiotics or
sulfonamides)
 3- A combination of corticosteroid
(Dexamethazone) and antibiotics
therapy is of value in chronic cases

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 N.B:
 - Animals with severe
lesions and marked
inspiratory dyspnea
may require a
tracheotomy and
insertion of a
tracheotomy tube for
several days until the
lesion heals.

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ANY
QUESTION