The document provides an overview of esthetics with veneers. It discusses the definitions, history, indications and contraindications of veneers. It describes the processes of shade selection, tooth preparation including principles, rationale and types of preparation. It also discusses provisional restorations, cementation, maintenance and failures of veneers. Recent advancements discussed include feldspathic, lithium disilicate and minimally invasive veneers. In conclusion, veneers are a conservative treatment for improving aesthetics when done according to principles of preparation, cementation and maintenance.
This document discusses laminate veneers, including their history, definitions, indications, contraindications, and comparisons of different types of veneers. Laminate veneers originated in the 1930s when Dr. Charles Pincus used thin resin and porcelain facings to create Hollywood smiles for actors. The document compares direct resin veneers, indirect resin veneers, and porcelain indirect veneers in terms of strength, esthetics, longevity, costs, and other factors. Porcelain indirect veneers generally provide the best esthetics and longevity while direct resin veneers are best for covering dark stains and cost less.
This document provides an overview of porcelain laminate veneers. It defines veneers, discusses their history and development, and outlines their indications and contraindications. It describes different types of veneers based on the extent of preparation, materials used, and mode of fabrication. Ideal requirements for veneers and clinical considerations for case selection and tooth preparation are covered. The document outlines procedures for preparation design, impression taking, temporization, and laboratory techniques. Placement, patient instruction, potential failures, and conclusions are also summarized.
A provisional restoration is a temporary prosthesis used to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and function for a limited time period until being replaced by a definitive prosthesis, and must meet biologic, mechanical, and esthetic requirements to protect pulp, maintain periodontal health, provide functional occlusion, and resemble natural teeth. Provisional restorations can be preformed custom crown shells or customized resin restorations made using direct, indirect, or combination techniques with various acrylic resin materials that must be biocompatible, dimensionally stable, easy to contour and repair, and compatible with luting agents.
Dental veneers are custom shells made of tooth-colored materials that are bonded to the front of teeth to improve their color, shape, size or alignment, and can be made of either composite or porcelain; they are used to treat issues like discoloration, crooked teeth, gaps or cracks and improve the aesthetics and function of the smile. The document discusses the different types of veneers, their applications, benefits and risks, as well as the procedures for applying both composite and porcelain veneers.
This document discusses occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. It begins by defining the key characteristics of a stable occlusion and the signs of an unstable occlusion. It then outlines the principles, indications, goals and procedures for occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. Specific techniques are covered such as how to eliminate interferences in centric relation, achieve the centric contact position, and adjust for lateral and protrusive interferences. The document emphasizes developing simultaneous contacts between cusp tips and flat surfaces to achieve occlusal stability.
In the last decades the development of the porcelain materials, the reliable bonding strength to enamel and dentin, and the bonding of resin cement to the porcelain through the silane, Porcelain laminates become trusted type of treatment in the daily practice.
It is an aesthetic treatment that concerns mainly the labial face of the anterior teeth, its thickness is about 0.3 mm in the cervical area to 0.4 -7 at the incisal third, in certain cases it can be done without any prep or just little touch of the enamel (lumineer), but in most prep is indicated to improve the adaptation in the cervical area also to remove the aprismatic enamel layer which which has low bonding strength with the resin cement, however prep should be in the enamel limits, 3 different type of prep are practiced, however, they are the same on the labial surface but the but the difference concerns the incisal edge.
In this lecture, indications and contraindications are exposed. All the materials in use and their indications as well as the clinical procedures are detailed.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
This document discusses laminate veneers, including their history, definitions, indications, contraindications, and comparisons of different types of veneers. Laminate veneers originated in the 1930s when Dr. Charles Pincus used thin resin and porcelain facings to create Hollywood smiles for actors. The document compares direct resin veneers, indirect resin veneers, and porcelain indirect veneers in terms of strength, esthetics, longevity, costs, and other factors. Porcelain indirect veneers generally provide the best esthetics and longevity while direct resin veneers are best for covering dark stains and cost less.
This document provides an overview of porcelain laminate veneers. It defines veneers, discusses their history and development, and outlines their indications and contraindications. It describes different types of veneers based on the extent of preparation, materials used, and mode of fabrication. Ideal requirements for veneers and clinical considerations for case selection and tooth preparation are covered. The document outlines procedures for preparation design, impression taking, temporization, and laboratory techniques. Placement, patient instruction, potential failures, and conclusions are also summarized.
A provisional restoration is a temporary prosthesis used to enhance esthetics, stabilization, and function for a limited time period until being replaced by a definitive prosthesis, and must meet biologic, mechanical, and esthetic requirements to protect pulp, maintain periodontal health, provide functional occlusion, and resemble natural teeth. Provisional restorations can be preformed custom crown shells or customized resin restorations made using direct, indirect, or combination techniques with various acrylic resin materials that must be biocompatible, dimensionally stable, easy to contour and repair, and compatible with luting agents.
Dental veneers are custom shells made of tooth-colored materials that are bonded to the front of teeth to improve their color, shape, size or alignment, and can be made of either composite or porcelain; they are used to treat issues like discoloration, crooked teeth, gaps or cracks and improve the aesthetics and function of the smile. The document discusses the different types of veneers, their applications, benefits and risks, as well as the procedures for applying both composite and porcelain veneers.
This document discusses occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. It begins by defining the key characteristics of a stable occlusion and the signs of an unstable occlusion. It then outlines the principles, indications, goals and procedures for occlusal equilibration and selective grinding. Specific techniques are covered such as how to eliminate interferences in centric relation, achieve the centric contact position, and adjust for lateral and protrusive interferences. The document emphasizes developing simultaneous contacts between cusp tips and flat surfaces to achieve occlusal stability.
In the last decades the development of the porcelain materials, the reliable bonding strength to enamel and dentin, and the bonding of resin cement to the porcelain through the silane, Porcelain laminates become trusted type of treatment in the daily practice.
It is an aesthetic treatment that concerns mainly the labial face of the anterior teeth, its thickness is about 0.3 mm in the cervical area to 0.4 -7 at the incisal third, in certain cases it can be done without any prep or just little touch of the enamel (lumineer), but in most prep is indicated to improve the adaptation in the cervical area also to remove the aprismatic enamel layer which which has low bonding strength with the resin cement, however prep should be in the enamel limits, 3 different type of prep are practiced, however, they are the same on the labial surface but the but the difference concerns the incisal edge.
In this lecture, indications and contraindications are exposed. All the materials in use and their indications as well as the clinical procedures are detailed.
The document summarizes the key aspects of MOD onlay preparations including:
- MOD onlays provide cuspal protection and distribute occlusal forces over a wide area.
- Preparations involve capping functional cusps and shoeing non-functional cusps.
- Walls, occlusal bevels, tables, and counterbevels are prepared on capped surfaces. Shoe and occlusal bevel are prepared on shoed surfaces.
- Proximal portions are similar to inlay preparations with primary and secondary flares.
- Preparations are modified for different alloy types and Class IV/V materials.
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
An impression is required to fabricate a fixed dental prosthesis. It must include the prepared teeth as well as surrounding structures. Various impression materials and techniques have been developed over time. Today, alginate, polyether, addition silicone and polyvinyl siloxane are commonly used. Proper tray selection and customization is important to obtain an accurate impression. Impression making requires isolation, tissue retraction and meticulous technique to ensure detail and avoid imperfections.
- An inlay is a restoration constructed externally and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface.
- Indirect restorations like inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with cast metals. They allow for better control of contours compared to direct restorations.
- Disadvantages include requiring more appointments, higher chair time, need for temporary restorations, higher costs, and being more technique sensitive.
Veneers are a conservative treatment to improve the appearance of teeth. They involve bonding thin facings of tooth-colored material to the front of teeth. Veneers can be made of composite resin, porcelain, or other ceramic materials. They are either bonded directly during a single appointment or indirectly with impressions taken and veneers fabricated by a dental laboratory over two appointments. Veneers can repair damage, close gaps, change the shape or length of teeth, or improve discoloration while minimizing the removal of tooth structure. The choice of material and technique depends on the specific needs and preferences of the patient.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
The document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the progressive loss of jaw bone after tooth extraction. It defines RRR and provides classifications. RRR is considered a pathological process due to its variability between individuals. The document covers the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of RRR, including anatomical, mechanical, metabolic and prosthetic factors. Treatment aims to prevent or reduce RRR through denture design and patient education.
The endo-crown is a conservative restoration for endodontically treated teeth that have lost significant coronal structure. It involves preparing the tooth with a 2mm occlusal reduction and cylindrical cavity into the pulp chamber. The endo-crown is then bonded into the cavity as a single ceramic piece, providing strength while preserving tooth structure compared to traditional crowns. Studies have shown endo-crowns distribute stresses similarly to natural teeth and provide effective, long-lasting restorations for molars with extensive decay or fractures.
The document discusses guidelines for selecting artificial teeth, including anterior and posterior teeth. It covers factors like tooth size, shape, color, material selection, and occlusion schemes. The goal is to select teeth that allow proper function, speech, and aesthetics while protecting natural tissues. Anterior tooth selection considers size, shape, color, and material. Posterior teeth are chosen based on color, size, cuspal morphology, and material to aid mastication and denture stability.
This document discusses the prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth through post and core restoration. It provides background on the historical development of post and core systems. It describes the characteristics of endodontically treated teeth and outlines the principles and methodology for post and core treatment, including post selection, preparation, and fabrication. Key factors that influence post and core treatment like remaining tooth structure, ferrule effect, stresses, and materials are discussed. The document serves as a guide for proper prosthodontic management of teeth requiring post and core restoration.
Auxillary methods of retention in class ii dental amalgam restorationsIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses dental veneers, which are thin shells made of tooth-colored materials that are bonded to the front of teeth. The document outlines that veneers are used for cosmetic purposes to improve poorly shaped, stained, cracked, or misaligned teeth. It lists appropriate indications and contraindications for veneers and notes advantages like improved aesthetics and durability, while disadvantages include being irreversible and sensitivity after placement. The document concludes by describing the technique for veneer preparation, impression-taking, try-in, and cementation.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
The document discusses different types of laminate veneer preparations. Type I is called a window preparation with no incisal edge reduction. Type II, called a butt-joint preparation, involves 2 mm of incisal reduction without a palatal chamfer. Type III, or wrap-around preparation, includes 1-3 mm of incisal reduction with a 1 mm palatal chamfer to restrict angle fractures and enhance esthetics. The preparations are performed using round or tapered diamond burs to reduce enamel in a uniform and conservative manner confined to the facial surface of teeth.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This document discusses laminate veneers, including:
1. Laminate veneers have evolved over decades to become a popular aesthetic restoration, providing a conservative alternative to full coverage restorations.
2. They involve bonding thin ceramic restorations to etched tooth structure to restore the facial and proximal surfaces.
3. Indications include masking diastemas, discoloration, enamel defects, malpositioned teeth, while contraindications include insufficient tooth structure or parafunctional habits.
history, classification, types of veneers, indications and contraindications, working procedure, preparation, ipmpression taking for veneers, surface treatment and cementation, veneers vs crowns
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
An impression is required to fabricate a fixed dental prosthesis. It must include the prepared teeth as well as surrounding structures. Various impression materials and techniques have been developed over time. Today, alginate, polyether, addition silicone and polyvinyl siloxane are commonly used. Proper tray selection and customization is important to obtain an accurate impression. Impression making requires isolation, tissue retraction and meticulous technique to ensure detail and avoid imperfections.
- An inlay is a restoration constructed externally and then cemented into a prepared tooth cavity. An onlay covers one or more cusps and adjoining occlusal surface.
- Indirect restorations like inlays and onlays are used for large restorations, endodontically treated teeth at risk of fracture, and dental rehabilitation with cast metals. They allow for better control of contours compared to direct restorations.
- Disadvantages include requiring more appointments, higher chair time, need for temporary restorations, higher costs, and being more technique sensitive.
Veneers are a conservative treatment to improve the appearance of teeth. They involve bonding thin facings of tooth-colored material to the front of teeth. Veneers can be made of composite resin, porcelain, or other ceramic materials. They are either bonded directly during a single appointment or indirectly with impressions taken and veneers fabricated by a dental laboratory over two appointments. Veneers can repair damage, close gaps, change the shape or length of teeth, or improve discoloration while minimizing the removal of tooth structure. The choice of material and technique depends on the specific needs and preferences of the patient.
Fixed partial dentures transmit forces through the abutments to the periodontium. Failures are due to poor engineering, the use of improper materials, inadequate tooth preparation, and faulty fabrication. Of particular concern to prosthodontist is the selection of teeth for abutments. They must recognize the forces developed by the oral mechanism, and resistance.
Successful selection of abutments for fixed partial dentures requires sensitive diagnostic ability. Thorough knowledge of anatomy, ceramics, the chemistry and physics of dental materials, metallurgy, Periodontics, phonetics, physiology, radiology and the mechanics of oral function is fundamental.
One of the objectives in complete denture prosthetics is to produce a harmonious appearance of the denture when in the patient’s mouth.
A denture usually perceived as esthetics when the teeth and bases are in harmony with the facial musculature as well as the size & shape of the head.
The selection of artificial teeth & their arrangement to meet esthetic requirements demand artistic skill in addition to scientific knowledge.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
The document discusses residual ridge resorption (RRR), which is the progressive loss of jaw bone after tooth extraction. It defines RRR and provides classifications. RRR is considered a pathological process due to its variability between individuals. The document covers the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors of RRR, including anatomical, mechanical, metabolic and prosthetic factors. Treatment aims to prevent or reduce RRR through denture design and patient education.
The endo-crown is a conservative restoration for endodontically treated teeth that have lost significant coronal structure. It involves preparing the tooth with a 2mm occlusal reduction and cylindrical cavity into the pulp chamber. The endo-crown is then bonded into the cavity as a single ceramic piece, providing strength while preserving tooth structure compared to traditional crowns. Studies have shown endo-crowns distribute stresses similarly to natural teeth and provide effective, long-lasting restorations for molars with extensive decay or fractures.
The document discusses guidelines for selecting artificial teeth, including anterior and posterior teeth. It covers factors like tooth size, shape, color, material selection, and occlusion schemes. The goal is to select teeth that allow proper function, speech, and aesthetics while protecting natural tissues. Anterior tooth selection considers size, shape, color, and material. Posterior teeth are chosen based on color, size, cuspal morphology, and material to aid mastication and denture stability.
This document discusses the prosthodontic management of endodontically treated teeth through post and core restoration. It provides background on the historical development of post and core systems. It describes the characteristics of endodontically treated teeth and outlines the principles and methodology for post and core treatment, including post selection, preparation, and fabrication. Key factors that influence post and core treatment like remaining tooth structure, ferrule effect, stresses, and materials are discussed. The document serves as a guide for proper prosthodontic management of teeth requiring post and core restoration.
Auxillary methods of retention in class ii dental amalgam restorationsIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This document discusses provisional restorations, including their definition, purpose, requirements, and fabrication methods. Provisional restorations are interim prostheses used for a limited time after tooth preparation until a permanent restoration can be placed. They protect the prepared tooth, maintain function and aesthetics, and allow the dentist to assess treatment. Ideal provisionals have biologic requirements like pulp protection and positional stability, mechanical requirements like strength and retention, and aesthetic requirements like color matching. They can be custom-made using various resin or metal materials or prefabricated. Direct, indirect, and combined fabrication techniques are described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
DR. SWARNEET KAKPURE (DEPT OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS)
THE TOPIC PRESENTED IN SEMINAR COVERS ALMOST ALL THE ASPECTS OF COMPLEX AMALGAM RESTORATIONS INCLUDING PIN RETAINED,SLOT RETAINED AMALGAM RESTORATIONS,CEMENTED,FRICTION LOCKED & SELF THREADING PINS, TMS SYSTEM,AMALGAM FOUNDATIONS ALONG WITH TECHNIQUES OF INSERTION AND MATRIX PLACEMENT.
This document discusses dental veneers, which are thin shells made of tooth-colored materials that are bonded to the front of teeth. The document outlines that veneers are used for cosmetic purposes to improve poorly shaped, stained, cracked, or misaligned teeth. It lists appropriate indications and contraindications for veneers and notes advantages like improved aesthetics and durability, while disadvantages include being irreversible and sensitivity after placement. The document concludes by describing the technique for veneer preparation, impression-taking, try-in, and cementation.
Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla, from which lateral movements can be made. It is a reproducible position that serves as a reliable guide for developing occlusion in complete dentures. There are various methods for recording centric relation, including functional methods like the needle house method and excursive methods using intraoral or extraoral tracings. Establishing accurate centric relation is important for proper functioning, aesthetics, and comfort of complete dentures.
The document discusses different types of laminate veneer preparations. Type I is called a window preparation with no incisal edge reduction. Type II, called a butt-joint preparation, involves 2 mm of incisal reduction without a palatal chamfer. Type III, or wrap-around preparation, includes 1-3 mm of incisal reduction with a 1 mm palatal chamfer to restrict angle fractures and enhance esthetics. The preparations are performed using round or tapered diamond burs to reduce enamel in a uniform and conservative manner confined to the facial surface of teeth.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This document discusses laminate veneers, including:
1. Laminate veneers have evolved over decades to become a popular aesthetic restoration, providing a conservative alternative to full coverage restorations.
2. They involve bonding thin ceramic restorations to etched tooth structure to restore the facial and proximal surfaces.
3. Indications include masking diastemas, discoloration, enamel defects, malpositioned teeth, while contraindications include insufficient tooth structure or parafunctional habits.
history, classification, types of veneers, indications and contraindications, working procedure, preparation, ipmpression taking for veneers, surface treatment and cementation, veneers vs crowns
Provisional restorations in crowns and bridgesDR PAAVANA
Provisional restorations are temporary restorations used during dental treatment before final restorations are placed. They provide protection, stabilization, and function during treatment. Provisional restorations can be prefabricated or custom-made and are made from materials like polycarbonate, acrylic resin, or bis-acryl composites. They are fabricated using direct or indirect techniques and help evaluate treatment plans before permanent restorations are made.
This document discusses various types of crowns used in pediatric dentistry to restore primary teeth. It begins by introducing the need for aesthetic full coverage restorations in children. It then describes several types of crowns in detail, including their indications, advantages, disadvantages, and placement techniques. The crowns discussed are stainless steel, open-faced steel, polycarbonate, composite strip, pre-veneered steel, and NuSmile crowns. For each type, the document outlines the specific technique for tooth preparation and crown cementation or bonding. The goal of discussing these various crown options is to help pediatric dentists select the best restoration for primary teeth based on factors like aesthetics, durability, and technique sensitivity.
The document discusses various types of full coverage restorations for primary anterior teeth including stainless steel crowns with composite facings, composite strip crowns, polycarbonate crowns, New Millennium crowns, Kudos crowns, Pedo jacket crowns, and Artglass crowns. It describes the materials, advantages, disadvantages, and placement techniques for each type of crown. Stainless steel crowns with composite facings combine strength, durability and improved aesthetics but take longer to place. Composite strip crowns provide good aesthetics but are technique sensitive. Polycarbonate crowns and Kudos crowns are more durable alternatives that are easier to place than composite strip crowns.
Veneers are thin shells made of composite or porcelain that are permanently bonded to the front of teeth. They can improve the appearance of teeth that are discolored, misshapen, misaligned or worn down. The document discusses the different types of veneers, how they are made and implanted, the procedures involved, and their advantages over other treatments like crowns or teeth whitening in providing an immediate and long-lasting smile makeover. Veneers are considered the most conservative tooth restoration approach when sufficient tooth structure remains.
Esthetic crowns in pediatric dentistry.pptxgahanamuthamma
Esthetic crowns are used in pediatric dentistry to restore teeth damaged by decay in a way that preserves function and improves appearance. There are various types of crowns including strip crowns made of composite, pre-veneered stainless steel crowns, polycarbonate crowns, and ceramic crowns. Indications include extensive decay, fractures, discoloration or pulp therapy. Contraindications include non-restorable teeth. Placement involves tooth preparation and selection of an appropriately sized crown, which is then bonded or cemented onto the prepared tooth.
This document outlines the clinical and laboratory steps involved in fabricating complete dentures. It begins with an introduction and then describes each step in detail, including: primary and secondary impressions, making a special tray, the master cast, bite rim, jaw relations, mounting on an articulator, try in, denture processing through compression molding, and finishing and polishing. The overall process involves close collaboration between the clinician and dental technician to create functional and aesthetic complete dentures for edentulous patients.
This document provides an overview of laminate veneers and porcelain veneers. It discusses the history, indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, factors to consider for placement, material selection, treatment planning, failure, preparation, placement, color management, failure repair, maintenance, and conclusion. A variety of ceramic materials are described for fabricating veneers, including feldspathic porcelain, glass ceramics reinforced with leucite and lithium disilicate, alumina-based ceramics, zirconia-based ceramics, and Procera All-Ceram. The choice of material depends on the clinical situation and risks.
This document discusses pulp protection in restorative dentistry. It outlines the goals of preserving pulp health and various irritants that can harm the pulp. The amount of remaining dentin thickness is an important factor in determining the appropriate protection method. Various protective agents are described, including cavity sealants, liners, and bases made of materials like varnish, resin bonding agents, calcium hydroxide, and glass ionomer cement. Guidelines are provided for selecting the proper agent based on restoration type and cavity depth. Indirect and direct pulp capping procedures are also summarized.
principles of tooth preparation - ann george final.pptxHimanshu Tiwari
This document discusses principles of tooth preparation for dental restorations. It covers 3 main topics:
1. Biological principles including conservation of tooth structure, preventing damage to adjacent teeth and soft tissues, and the pulp.
2. Mechanical principles such as retention form, resistance form, and structural durability.
3. Aesthetic principles regarding metal-ceramic and partial coverage restorations.
It also describes different margin designs including chamfer, shoulder, knife edge, and their indications. Maintaining margin integrity through proper placement, geometry and adaptation is emphasized.
principles of tooth preparation - ann george final.pptxDrHIMANSHUTIWARI1
No recent literature has reviewed the current scientific knowledge on complete coverage tooth preparations.Nine scientific principles have been developed that ensure mechanical, biologic, and esthetic success for tooth preparation of complete coverage restorations.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Dental veneers are thin shells that are bonded to the front of teeth to improve aesthetics or repair damage. There are three main types: conventional porcelain veneers, lumineers, and composite resin veneers. Conventional porcelain veneers require tooth structure removal and are fabricated from porcelain, providing very natural-looking results. Lumineers are extremely thin porcelain shells that can be bonded without tooth preparation. Composite resin veneers are made from dental composite but do not last as long as porcelain options. The document outlines the procedures for conventional porcelain veneers, including tooth preparation, temporaries, impressions, cementation, and finishing. Placement of lumineers is also described.
Ceramic veneers by DR. ABIJITH RAGHAVAN SRAMBIKALAbijith Raghav
This document provides an overview of ceramic veneers. It discusses the history of veneers dating back to the 1930s. The main advantages are a natural appearance, strength, biocompatibility and longevity. Disadvantages include difficulty repairing and irreversible tooth preparation. Ideal candidates have sufficient enamel and good oral hygiene. Contraindications include bruxism and insufficient enamel. The document outlines materials, preparation techniques, and procedures like shade selection and cementation. It provides guidance on margin design, proximal preparations and considerations for mandibular veneers.
This document discusses secondary impression materials used in fixed prosthodontics. It defines an impression as a negative reproduction of prepared teeth that provides information to fabricate a crown or fixed prosthesis. Impressions can be physical materials or digital scans. Physical impressions include reversible hydrocolloid, condensation silicone, polysulfide, polyether, and addition silicone. Digital impressions involve directly scanning teeth or an indirect scan of a dental cast. Custom trays are often used to carry and confine impression materials. Trays should be rigid, dimensionally stable, and provide adequate space for materials. The document outlines techniques for fabricating custom trays using autopolymerizing or light-cured resin. Good impressions accurately record all prepared surfaces
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Laminates Veneers in Dentistry
1. Esthetics with Veneers: A Review
Presented by:
Nabid Anjum
PG IInd year
Department of Prosthodontics
Sowmya S, Sunitha S, Dhakshaini M R, Raghavendraswamy K N. Int J Dent
Health Concern 2015;1:1-5.
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Definitions
• History
• Indications and Contraindications
• Shade selection
• Tooth Preparation
– Principles of tooth preparation
– Rationale
– Types of preparation
– Armamentarium
– Procedure
4. INTRODUCTION
• The oral region is a dynamic part of the face, with tooth and gingival display
during functional lip movements creating an expression of aesthetics that is
unique to an individual.
• Esthetic dentistry is the fourth dimension in addition to other factors like
biological, physiological and mechanical factors, all of which are to be combined
for a successful result.
• Since, esthetic dentistry has become an integral part of everyday practice in
dental clinic. So with increasing patient demand, it has also become a
challenging job for our profession.
• Based on their strength, longevity, conservative nature, biocompatibility and
aesthetics, veneers have been considered one of the most viable treatment
modalities.
5. DEFINITIONS
• Veneer:
A thin sheet of material usually used as a finish.
(GPT, 9th Edition)
A veneer is a layer of tooth colored material that is
applied to a tooth to restore localized or
generalized defects and intrinsic discolorations.
( Sturdevant Art & Science of Dentistry )
• Laminate Veneer Restorations:
A conservative esthetic restoration of anterior
teeth to mask discoloration, restore malformed
teeth, close diastemas & correct minor tooth
alignment.
(Mosby’s dental dictionary)
6. HISTORY
• Dr. Charles L Pincus introduced the concept of veneering anterior teeth with
laminates when approached by Hollywood directors in 1928. (HOLLYWOOD’S
DENTIST)
• Buonocore’s - Acid etching technique in 1955’s (increasing adhesion to
enamel surface.)
• Due to increasing aesthetic demand and the possibility of joining laminates
to the tooth structure (particularly enamel), a new concept was introduced:
minimally invasive restorative dentistry, which causes little damage to dental
structures.
• In this context, laminate veneer, also known as contact lenses, emerged.
Shirley Temple, age 8, went before
the cameras — no veneers. She lost
her baby teeth, just like any child,
but was never photographed with
any teeth missing.
Dr. Pincus placed "Hollywood
Veneers" on Shirley's front teeth.
They were only temporary, and
had to be removed daily when
eating, chewing or sleeping
7. INDICATIONS
• Improve extreme discolorations such as tetracycline staining, fluorosis, devitalized
teeth, and teeth darkened from age.
• Repair chipped or fractured teeth.
8. • Closing of diastemas between teeth.
• Ability to lengthen anterior teeth.
• Improve the appearance of
rotated or misaligned teeth.
• Poor restorations.• Enamel defects
9. CONTRAINDICATIONS
• If little or no enamel is present, full crown should be considered.
• Bruxing or Clenching, or other para-functional habits
• Severe crowding/Endodontically treated tooth
• Poor oral hygiene
• High caries rate
• Certain types of occlusal problems such as Class III & end-to-end bites.
10. What are the clinical considerations ?
• Esthetics and function
• Anterior guidance and occlusal harmony
• Physiologic contours
• Emergence Profile
11. SHADE SELECTION:
• The next important clinical parameter for the long-term success of veneer is
shade selection procedure.
• Based on the available literatures, a myriad of factors were available that
influences the assessment of color of restoration. The factors under consideration
are: Shade and
optical
properties
of tooth
laminate
characteristics
Dental shade
matching
devices
Influence of
polymerization
Shade and
thickness of
resin cement
13. TOOTH PREPARATION
• Principles of tooth Preparation –
• Rationale:
Enamel preparation is done:
i. To provide adequate space for porcelain opaquing and composite resin
luting materials.
ii. To remove convexities in the surface and provide a definitive path for
insertion.
iii. To assist veneer seating during placement and bonding the laminate.
iv. To facilitate margin placement
v. To provide adequate contour and colour without over contouring
14. • PROCEDURE: It involves the following steps:
– Labial Reduction
– Proximal reduction
– Sulcular Extension
– Incisal Reduction
– Lingual Reduction
LVS no. 1 – 0.5 mm reduction
LVS no. 2 – 0.3 mm reduction
15. LABIAL REDUCTION
• The thickness of the ceramic laminate should be 0.5 mm.
• To achieve this, the labial preparation should achieve a uniform reduction of
0.3-0.5 mm, less gingivally and more incisally.
• This involves:- Depth Cuts & Reducting Remaining Enamel
Gently draw the diamond across the labial surface of the tooth from mesial to distal side.
16. PROXIMAL REDUCTION
• Depth can often be as 0.8- 1 mm, since the enamel layer is thick towards
proximal surface.
• Done with round end tapered diamond, just continued into the proximal area
(halfway).
• It is ensured that the diamond is parallel with the long axis of the tooth.
• Proximal reduction should stop just short of breaking the contact
• Margin should be hidden within the embrasure area.
17. • Reasons to break contacts:
present of pre-existing restoration
diastema closure (will extend lingually)
For proper contour
If dentin exposure occurs at the periphery, such as the cervical region, it is
advisable to prepare a little deeper into this area:
• Use a layer of GIC can be used as a base.
• The GIC will bond to dentin, and seal it as opposed to a dentin bonding agent,
which may only adhere but not seal effectively.
• Reasons to not break contacts:
Simplifies try in ,no need to adjust
contact
Simplifies bonding and finishing
Improve retention
Improve aesthetics
18. SULCULAR EXTENSION AND MARGIN PLACEMENT
• Routinely the margins are placed supragingivally.
• When discoloration is excessive, the margins are extended subgingivally.
• A rounded 0.3mm chamfer serves as an ideal margin for ceramic laminate
veneer.
ADVANTAGESOFSUPRAGINGIVALMARGIN
19. Conservative , Distinct.
Provides increased bulk of porcelain giving adequate strength, avoids over
contouring.
Good marginal seal.
Accuracy of fit – veneers is easily inserted at try-in and final placement
Advantages of chamfer finish line
22. LINGUAL REDUCTION
• Any reduction of the incisal edge would necessitate some lingual enamel
modification so that there is no butt joint at this incisal/lingual junction but
rather a rounded chamfer. This modification will help to prevent the porcelain
from shearing away from the incisal edge during function.
• The round end tapered diamond is held parallel to the lingual surface with its
end forming a slight chamfer 0.5 mm deep.
• The lingual extension will also enhance the retention and increase the surface
areas for bonding.
23. IMPRESSION MAKING
GINGIVAL RETRACTION:
If possible, retraction cord should be left during impression.
IMPRESION MAKING: Usually 1 step procedure is preferred
• Materials (light and heavy body)
• Trays
IMPRESSION MAKING :
• Actual impression material can vary from polysulfide to polyether, but the vinyl
polysiloxane injection method is the cleanest and easiest. Also because multiple
pours are required for laboratory procedure.
24. PROVISIONAL RESTORATION
• Provisional restoration for laminates may not be essential as there is no
exposure of dentine (no sensitivity) and the proximal contacts are maintained
(no drifting of adjacent teeth).
• But most often it may be necessary for a patient to maintain their social
engagements and if proximal contact is broken (wrap-around technique)
Two Methods:-
Direct Method (intraorally)
Indirect Method (extraoral)
28. Platinum foil backing :
• Thin layer of platinum foil is placed on the die .The porcelain is layered on the
foil. Then the porcelain foil combination is removed from the die and fired in an
oven . Before try-in ,the foil is removed, and the porcelain is etched .
29. Direct castings :
• cast ceramic restorations are fabricated using the ‘lost wax’ technique. This
eliminates the need for multiple firings but requires extrinsic staining for
coloration.
CAD/CAM Machining :
• A model or video image of the preparation is required, and the restoration
always requires modification of the surface porcelain to obtain proper esthetics.
30. CEMENTATION OF VENEERS
• Second appointment : Remove temporary
Evaluate fit and esthetics
All veneers should be placed without bonding medium on teeth to assess the fit.
Preparation of veneer:
• Following cleaning of the veneer with a solvent such as acetone, it is etched with
10-15% hydrofluoric acid for 30 seconds to 1 minute according to the manufacturer’s
instructions and the ceramic used.
• A silane coupling agent is now applied to the fitting surface of the veneer and is
allowed to remain for one minute.
• It is then air-dried.
The silane creates a chemical bond between composite cement and
ceramic.
31. Aka Chemical coupling
Agents used in silanization:-
• 3-methacryloyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane
• Butylacrylate –acrylic acid copolymer
Bond of the porcelain laminate to the tooth
Silane greatly enhances the adhesive properties of the resin and thus increases
bond strength.
A salty-looking appearance should be
observed.
Once the silane is dried out, the choice of
adhesive is applied over the whole interior
surface.
32. Preparation of teeth:
The teeth should definitely be kept clean and purified of blood, saliva or oral
contaminants.
• 37% phosphoric acid is applied on the
prepared area.
• It will create micromechanical porosities
on the enamel.
Coat the etched tooth surface with bonding agent of the light activated type,
which is gently air dispersed into a thin, even layer. Light cure this evenly
dispersed layer to seal the tooth surface
33. • Fill the laminate with the selected composite resin luting agent.
• After 3-5 seconds of light curing, the excess luting resin that comes out of the
margins has a jelly consistency and can be easily cleaned with an explorer.
Place the laminate in position
on the tooth rotating it about
the incisal edge and toward the
gingiva. Ensure that excess
luting material extrudes from
all peripheral aspects.
34. Use carbide finishing bur to
remove excess cement.
Use the LVS no. 8 bur to remove
composite resin along the
incisal margin.
Clear the contacts with a extra
fine metal strip to ensure they
are free
Polish the porcelain interface
with diamond polishing paste.
Wash and dry.
Post operative viewCheck interproximal areas for
clearance with dental floss
35. MAINTENANCE OF VENEERS
• For 72-96 hours following insertion, patients should avoid highly coloured
foods, tea or coffee, hard food and extreme temperatures.
Routine scaling should be done, and ultrasonic scalers should be avoided.
• Abrasive and highly fluoridated toothpastes should be avoided.
• Excessive biting forces and nail biting and pencil chewing habits should be
avoided.
Soft acrylic mouth guard can be used during contact sports.
36. FAILURES OF RESTORATION
• The survival probability of porcelain veneers according to the Kaplan - Meier
survival estimation method was 97% at 5 years and 91% at 10½ years
• Three Types:
Mechanical : Poor positioning of incisal margin: less incisal thickness, margin too
subgingival.
Debonding: Use of expired cement
Faulty veneer/tooth preparation during luting
37. Biological : Postoperative sensitivity
Secondary caries
Improper curing of cement, poor marginal adaptation.
Marginal Microleakage – poor fit and extension.
Aesthetic : Improper shade selection
Gingival recession – over contour and improper subgingival placement
38. RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
• The recent years there have been various advancements in dental laminates and
veneers with the aim of overcoming the previous shortcomings and for a more
conservative feasible approach.
• The recent advancements are:
Feldspathic teeth veneers
Lithium disilicate teeth veneers
Minimally invasive veneers or no prep veneers
Zirconia Veneers (Prettau anterior, Zirkonzahn)
39. • These veneers contain many stacks of porcelain giving rise to multiple layers in
the veneer.
• Feldspars are naturally occurring aluminium silicate containing sodium or
potassium. The feldspars contain fluoroapatite crystals improving the optical
appearance of the tooth.
• It has a polychromatic appearance and high translucency, hence closely
resembles the natural tooth. Hence, it is of great esthetic value.
• It is the highest quality cosmetic veneers.
• A major concern with feldspathic porcelain veneers, however, was their
strength, which was only approximately 70 MPa to 90 MPa.
FELDSPATHIC VENEERS
40. LITHIUM DISILICATE VENEERS
• They are the most widely used true glass ceramics. It is versatile and is stronger
than other porcelain veneers .
• It has high resistance to thermal shock thus managing the problem between two
similar materials.
• It is used for teeth which requires minimal reshaping. It can be used to correct
the shape of a malformed tooth.
• They can be conventionally cemented or adhesively bonded.
• IPS Emax (Ivoclair vivadent) is an example of these veneers.
41. MINIMALLY INVASIVE / NO PREP VENEERS
These veneers are ultrathin
having a thickness similar to
contact lenses of about 0.3-0.5
mm and hence get are called
"contact lenses of teeth".
These help in greatly conserving
the tooth structure as previously
used porcelain veneers needed a
mandatory 0.5mm to 1 mm
removal of tooth structure so
that the thin layer of porcelain
does not fracture.
They consist of Lumineers,
Durathin veneers and Vivaneers.
42. Lumineers:
• They are exceptionally thin veneers (0.3mm) made of a special cerinate
porcelain.
• Cerinate is material made of feldspathic porcelain reinforced with leucite
crystals.
• They have high strength and resilience despite being exceptionally thin.
• They can be showed according to the patients wishes and can be placed with
minimal visits to the dentist. They can be placed within two visits to the
dentist. Lumineers are a reversible procedure.
• However the disadvantage of lumineers is that they have an opaque
appearance interfering with the aesthetics of the patient.
43. Although Lumineers are most advantageous option, there are
certain limitations to be considered:
Lumineers can only be placed on teeth that are in good structural condition.
The patient must have good oral hygiene, with no receding gums or signs of
gum disease. Bleeding of the gums will interfere with the bonding process.
Because there is very little or no tooth preparation, a small bump is likely to
develop between the veneers and the gum.. The bump may create an
irritation to the gum, and may increase the chances for staining and tooth
decay.
44. The LUMINEERS Minimal Contouring Technique
• It requires slight modification of the enamel but never touches dentin during
LUMINEERS placement. Only 0.3 mm-0.5 mm enamel is removed, causing no
sensitivity for the patient and therefore no need for any anesthesia.
Add 5 coats of
Tenure® A+B.
Add 1 coat of Tenure
S to the teeth.
Note: Tooth surfaces
must be shiny.
45.
46. Componeers:
• Pre-fabricated nano-hybrid composite enamel-shells
• Attractive teeth and a new smile after only one visit
• Very little removal of healthy tooth structure – 0.3mm
• Individual, customized shaping of the front teeth.
• Shine can be refreshed by polishing at any time
• Unlike porcelain veneers, they can be easily repaired.
Modeling MB5
47. Edelweiss Veneer System:
• For the first time in the history of dental, it is now possible to work with
prefabricated veneers made from nano-hybrid composite using modern laser
technology.
48. • Low shrinkage due to nano-technology and high amount of filler-83 %
• Good abrasion resistance
• Very good physical and mechanical properties
• Antibacterial surface due to zinc and fluorine particles in the filler
• Easy polishing
• Natural fluorescence and opalescence
49.
50. CRITICAL ANALYSIS
• Types of veneers were not highlighted.
• Different types of tooth preparation for veneer have not been described.
• There were no post operative photographs.
• Advancements in veneers were not discussed.
51. CONCLUSION
• Esthetic procedures have the ability
to alter the entire appearance of the
patient by providing them with a
beautiful smile. The patient gains not
only a positively improved
appearance, but also a potential
moral “boost” that acts positively on
their mental health and self-esteem.
• There are several types of veneers
used commonly in practice today.
Fired or pressed ceramic veneers are
the most popular. Thin ceramic
veneers bonded to acid-etched
enamel have been suggested as the
most acceptable, predictable type of
veneer.
52. REFERENCES
• Christensen, GJ. What is veneer?
Resolving the confusion. JADA
2004:135;11,1574–76
• Lim CC. Case selection for porcelain
veneers. Quintessence Int
1995;26:311-5.
• Clyde JS, Gilmour A. Porcelain
veneers: A preliminary review. Br
Dent J 1988;164:9-14.
• P. A. Brunton, A. Aminian, and N. H.
F. Wilson. Tooth preparation
techniques for porcelain laminate
veneers B D J 2000;189:5
• Malone WF, Tylman SD, Koth DL.
Tylman’s Theory and Practice of
Fixed Prosthodontics. 8th ed. St
Louis: Ishiyaku Euro-America; 1989
Editor's Notes
dental veneers are custom shells made from tooth colored materials that facilitate covering the front surface of the tooth and these are alternately known as dental laminates. Dental appearance has been judged to be an important indicator when assessing facial attractiveness with physical beauty being a significant factor in a person’s well-being.
WE should have a proper knowledge regarding the emergence profile in a patients, the gingival contours and the anatomic variations of teeth. The esthetics should be evaluated with keeping in mind the variations in smile lines .the contours of the teeth should be maintained. The shade selection should be proper. Also adequate overbite and overjet should be kept in mind.any parafunctional habits if there should be considered,the smile architecture shouldbe kept in mind . High lip line are less favoured, a diagnosic mop up can also be done.
early hours of appointment to avoid color fatigue, Clean the teeth and remove all stains and debris • Have patient’s mouth at dentist’s eye level , Use canine as reference , If there is confusion between two shades then it is always better to select a shade of lower chroma and higher value.
Hence, preparation is needed mainly to • Get definite finish line • Provide space • Get fluoride-rich layer • Rough surface for better retention
The facial surface should be reduced in two planes; one nearly parallel with the path of insertion, and one parallel with the incisal two- thirds of the facial surface of the tooth
For the standard preparation, chamfer is placed at the height of gingival crest unless severe discoloration mandates a subgingival margin to gain extra veneer thickness. More success rate was seen with supragingival finish line because it: • Increases the area of enamel • Moisture control is better • Visual confirmation is excellent • Accessibility is good • Maintenance of hygiene is better
One of the ways of protecting the proximal surface of the adjacent tooth is to place a metal matrix band in between.
However, sometimes, poor placement of this metal band may injure the papilla.
In the opinion of some authors incisal coverage in necessary in all cases to enhance the mechanical resistance of veneer, even though this involve the removal of 0.5-2.0 mm of intact incisal edge and may place the vulnerable cavosurface margin in an area of opposing tooth contact. Also, it was found that the window type of preparation was strongest compared with an overlapping and feathered design. Never end incisal edge where excursive movements of the mandible will cause shearing stresses across the junction of porcelain laminates and tooth.
A single cord is used which remains in place when impression is being made and no extra hemostatic agent in the cord is needed because bleeding should be minimal with healthy gingivae.
Materials used are tooth coloured acrylics and resin composites as in routine fixed prosthodontics. They are cemented with either a flowable luting resin or eugenol free cement.
Each of the veneers is tried in individually beginning with the distal-most veneer, with the margins checked carefully.
After ascertaining individual fit- place each
laminate on one by one, until all are in
place.
Then check the collective fit and relationship of one laminate to another, especially in the contact areas.
At this stage, the adhesive should not be light cured.
As soon as the bonding is applied, the transparent composite luting agent is placed inside the veneer.
The ceramic veneer bonded to tooth with composite resin cements produces two bonded interfaces. One between ceramic – composite resin cement and other between the tooth- composite resin interface. ... The light activated composite resin luting cement is preferred due to its longer working time and better colour stability. igh compressive and tensile srength – Ability to tint, opaque and characterize – Low viscosity – Low polymerization shrinkage – Good colour stability
HOWEVER IN RECENT YEARS ZIRCONIA CERAMICS HAVE UNDERGONE MANY CHAGES IN ITS MICROSSTRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION TO INCREASE THEIR TRANSLUCENCY WITHOUT LOSING THEIR FRACTURE RESISTANCE. ITS MAIN DIFFICULTY ARE IN SITUATION OF LITTLE MECHANICAL RETENTION OF PREPARATION SINCE ZIRCONIA IS CHEMICALLY INERT AND CANNOT BE ETCHED BY HYDROFLUORIC ACID WHICH IMPLIES A LESS EFFECTIVE ADHESION COMPARED TO CERAMICS
Feldspars are primarily composed of silicon oxide (60%–64%) and aluminum oxide (20%–23%), and are typically modified in different ways to create glass that can then be used in dental restorations.they are not strong due to their low mechanical properties as the flexural strength is from 60-70 MPA. With this material, it is possible to have a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, with or without preparation in the enamel. To preserve the health of the gingival tissues and prevent overcontouring, a slight 0.5 mm reduction of tooth surface is found to work best
These veneers are exceptionally thin and are about 0.2 mm whereas the traditional veneers are usually about 0.5 mm thick. These veneers have gained popularity due to its good esthetic effects as it gives a natural translucency to the teeth closely resembling natural teeth. This is one of the advantages that durathinveneers have over lumineers as lumineers have an opaque appearance thus failing to give a natural effect
The main difference is that Lumineers are made from a special patented cerinate porcelain that is very strong but much thinner than traditional laboratory-fabricated veneers. Their thickness is comparable to contact lenses. Therefore, anesthesia and temporaries are also not required.
1) The teeth must be free of decay. Any existing fillings must also be in good condition, along with the surrounding gum in the area where the Lumineers will be placed..
Add an even layer of Ultra-Bond® Plus resin cement to the inner side of the LUMINEERS. Remove more excess cement with a probe.
Light-cure each tooth for 3 seconds
through the tray.