The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
The human mandible can be related to the maxilla in several positions in the horizontal plane. Among these centric relation is a significant position, because of its usefulness in relating the dentulous and edentulous mandible to maxilla, where the teeth , muscles and temporomandibular joint function in harmony. It is a position of occluso-articular harmony.
this presentation has all the techniques in impression making in the fabrication of an RPD.
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
The Begg light-wire appliance remains unique in the history of orthodontic innovation. Whereas many current self-ligating bracket appliances purport to be low friction or friction free, it is the Begg appliance that best exemplifies low friction, free sliding mechanics.
By creating only a single point of contact between the bracket and the arch-wire Dr Begg was able to greatly decrease resistance to sliding, both by reducing friction between the bracket and the arch-wire and virtually eliminating the binding of the arch-wire in the bracket slot, as is seen in all horizontal slot brackets.
Begg’s bracket design allowed teeth to freely tip mesially and distally as well as lingually and labially. This often gave teeth the appearance of being over tipped during treatment and required considerable diligence by Begg practitioners to keep tooth movement under control.
This freedom of tooth movement allowed unprecedented correction of large overbites and overjets to an edge-to-edge position and rapid closure of extraction spaces by initially tipping the adjacent teeth into the extraction site and uprighting the teeth afterwards.
Individual tooth root correction was managed by the use of fine springs that were designed, and often individually crafted to upright, torque and rotate teeth into their correct positions once the position of tooth crowns had been established.
One key advantage of the appliance set up was the use of light elastic forces for the correction of anterior overbites and overjets. All anchorage could be established intra-orally without headgear, without the need for ancillary appliances such as trans-palatal arches, or needing to set up molar anchorage prior to treatment, as Dr Tweed advocated.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
2. INTRODUCTION
HOW TO RECOGNIZE A STABLE OCCLUSION REGARDLESS OF WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE
• 1. Stable stops on all teeth when the condyles are in centric
relation
• 2. Anterior guidance in harmony with the border movement
of the envelope of function
• 3. Disclusion of all posterior teeth in protrusive movements
• 4. Disclusion of all posterior teeth on the nonworking
(balancing) side
• 5. Noninterference of all posterior teeth on the working side,
with either the lateral anterior guidance, or the border
movements of the condyle.
2
Key point
You must determine stability of holding contacts on each
tooth before analyzing the other four requirements.
35
3. HOW TO RECOGNIZE AN UNSTABLE OCCLUSION
REGARDLESS OF WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE
35
3
THREE SIGNS OF INSTABILITY
1. Hypermobility of one or more teeth
2. Excessive wear
3. Migration of one or more teeth
a. Horizontal shifting
b. Intrusion
c. Supraeruption
If any one of the five requirements for occlusal stability is not fulfilled, the occlusion will be unstable
4. 35
4
• OCCLUSAL EQUILIBRATION: The modification of the occlusal form of the
teeth with the intent of equalizing occlusal stress, producing
simultaneous occlusal contacts or harmonizing cuspal relations. ( GPT 9)
• SELECTIVE GRINDING is defined as any change in the occlusion intended
to alter the occlusal surfaces of the teeth or restorations to change their
form. ( GPT- 9)
PRINCIPLES
1. Don’t equilibrate if the outcome is in doubt.
2. A successful outcome can be determined in advance.
5. INDICATIONS
• (1) Assist in managing certain temporomandibular disorders (TMDS) when
• (1) the occlusal appliance has eliminated the TMD symptoms and
• (2) attempts to identify the feature of the appliance that affects the symptoms
have revealed that it is the occlusal contact or jaw position
• (2) Complement treatment associated with major occlusal changes
• If extensive crown and fixed prosthodontic procedures are necessary, selective
grinding may be indicated before treatment begins so that a stable functional
mandibular position is established to which the restorations can be fabricated
35
5
6. TREATMENT GOALS OF SELECTIVE GRINDING
• 1. With the condyles in the musculoskeletally stable (CR) position and the
articular discs properly interposed, all possible posterior teeth contact evenly
and simultaneously between centric cusp tips and opposing flat surfaces.
• 2. When the mandible is moved laterally, laterotrusive contacts on the anterior
teeth disocclude the posterior teeth.
• 3. When the mandible is protruded, contacts on the anterior teeth disocclude
the posterior teeth.
• 4. In the upright head position (alert feeding position) the posterior teeth contact
more heavily than the anterior teeth.
35
6
7. Predicting the Outcome of Selective Grinding
• “RULE OF THIRDS”
• It deals with the buccolingual arch discrepancy when the condyles are in the
musculoskeletally stable position.
With the condyles in centric relation, the mandible is closed to
tooth contact.
If the initial contact of the lower centric cusp is on the third
closest to the central fossa of the opposing tooth ,
selective grinding can be successfully accomplished.
The nearer the location of this contact to the middle third,
the more likely it is that selective grinding will lead to the
exposure of dentin and the need for restorative procedures.
35
7
B L
8. • Anteroposterior discrepancy:
Visualize the centric relation–
to–intercuspal position (CR-
to-ICP) slide.
• The shorter the slide, the
more likely it is that selective
grinding can be accomplished
within the confines of the
enamel.
• Generally an anterior slide of
less than 2 mm can be
successfully eliminated by a
selective grinding procedure.
Anteroposterior direction of the slide.
A, when the cusps are relatively tall (sharp), the direction
of the CR-to-ICP slide is predominantly vertical.
B, when the cusps are relatively flat, the CR-to-ICP slide
has a greater horizontal component.
35
8
9. ARMAMENTARIUM FOR OCCLUSAL
EQUILIBRATION
• Small diamond wheel stone and a 12-sided football-shaped finishing bur
work well for precise reduction and reshaping.
• Red and black marking ribbons are held in Miller ribbon holders.
35 9
10. • EQUILIBRATION PROCEDURES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS:
• 1. Reduction of all contacting tooth surfaces that interfere with the completely
seated condylar position (centric relation)
• 2. Selective reduction of tooth structure that interferes with lateral excursions.
This will vary as the influence of the anterior guidance varies to accommodate to
individual chewing cycles. It will also vary, as necessary, to minimize lateral
stresses on weak teeth.
• 3. Elimination of all posterior tooth structure that interferes with protrusive
excursions. This must be varied in arch-to-arch relationships in which the
anterior teeth are not in a position to disclude the posterior teeth in protrusion.
• 4. Harmonization of the anterior guidance. It is most often necessary to do this
in conjunction with the correction of lateral and protrusive interferences
35
10
12. Eliminating Interferences to Centric Relation
• 1. Interference to the arc of closure
• 2. Interference to the line of closure
35
12
13. Interference to the arc of closure
• As the condyles rotate on their centric
relation axis, each lower tooth follows an
arc of closure.
• Any interference with this closing arc -
displacing the condyles down and forward
to achieve maximal intercuspation at the
most closed occlusal position.
• Primary interferences that deviate the
condyle forward produce what is
commonly called an anterior slide.
35
13
14. Anterosuperior And Right Slide
The inclines on the right side that cause a right shift
of the mandible are the inner inclines of the
maxillary lingual cusps against the inner inclines of
the mandibular buccal cusps
(mediotrusive CR interferences)
The inclines located on the left side that cause a right
shift of the mandible are either
the inner inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps against
the outer inclines of the mandibular buccal cusps or
the outer inclines of the maxillary lingual cusps against
the inner inclines of the mandibular lingual cusps
(laterotrusive CR interferences
14
35
15. 35
15
Anterosuperior And Left Slide
These areas are similar to those causing the
right shift but on the opposite side of the dental
arches.
A, Mediotrusive centric relation interferences on
the left side shift the mandible to the left.
B, Laterotrusive centric relation interferences on
the right side shift the mandible to the left.
16. The basic grinding rule to correct an anterior slide is always
MUDL: Grind the Mesial inclines of Upper teeth or the Distal inclines of Lower teeth
35
16
17. Interference to the line of closure
• Line of closure interferences refer to primary interferences that cause the mandible to
deviate to the left or the right from the first point of contact in centric relation to the most
closed position
35
17
• If the interfering incline causes the mandible to
deviate off the line of closure toward the tongue,
the grinding rule is: Grind the lingual incline of
the upper or the buccal incline of the lower, or
both inclines.
• If the interfering incline causes the mandible to
deviate off the line of closure toward the cheek,
grind the buccal incline of the upper or the
lingual incline of the lower, or both inclines.
18. ACHIEVING THE CENTRIC CONTACT POSITION
• When a contact is
found on an incline
close to a centric cusp
tip, it is eliminated.
• When a contact area is
located on an incline
near the central fossa
area, the incline is
reshaped into a flat
surface.
35
18
One or both of the contacts will be on an incline, either the mesial and distal inclines or
the buccal and lingual inclines.
To eliminate the CR slide, these inclines must be reshaped into cusp tips or flat
surfaces.
19. 35
19
An acceptable CR position has been developed when:
• Equal and simultaneous contacts occur
between cusp tips and flat surfaces on all
posterior teeth.
• When the mandible is guided to CR and
force is applied, no shift or slide occurs.
(There are no inclines to create a slide.)
• When the patient closes and taps in
centric, all the posterior teeth are felt
evenly.
• When this is accomplished, orthopedic
stability has been achieved.
20. 35
20
• 1. Acceptable laterotrusive contacts occur
between the buccal cusps and not the lingual
cusps.
• 2. During a straight protrusive movement, the
mandibular incisors pass down the lingual
surfaces of the maxillary incisors, disoccluding
the posterior teeth.
• During any lateroprotrusive movement, the
lateral incisors can also be involved in the
guidance.
• As the movement becomes more lateral, the
canines begin to contribute to the guidance.
The grinding
rule is simple:
Grind all red
marks on
posterior
teeth.
Do not touch
any black
marks.
DEVELOPING AN ACCEPTABLE LATERAL AND PROTRUSIVE GUIDANCE
21. 35
21
Ask the patient to close in CR
and visualize the relationship
of the anterior teeth.
Then assist the patient through
the laterotrusive movements
It is recommended to clear
balancing interferences first,
then working interferences,
and finally protrusive
interferences
ADJUSTING FOR LATERAL INTEREFERNCES
22. 35
22
Balancing-side or non-working side interferences
on second molars are among the most commonly
missed interferences.
ADJUSTING FOR LATERAL INTEREFERNCES
23. 35
23
• On the working side, the canines should contact during laterotrusive
movements and disocclude all the posterior teeth (canine guidance).
• When the canines are not positioned such that they can immediately provide
laterotrusive guidance, a group function guidance - the mandible is laterally
guided by the premolars and mesiobuccal cusps of the first molars.
A, During a left lateral
movement, the canine contacts
provide canine guidance.
B, Once the mandibular canine
passes beyond the maxillary
canine, the anterior teeth
should contact. This is called
the crossover.
ADJUSTING FOR LATERAL INTEREFERNCES
24. When a cusp tip does not contact an opposing tooth surface
during eccentric movements, the opposing flat surface is
reduced
When a cusp tip does contact an opposing tooth surface, the
cusp tip is reduced
35
24
ADJUSTING FOR LATERAL INTEREFERNCES
26. 35
26
PROCEDURE FOR CANINE GUIDANCE
All blue marks on the posterior teeth are eliminated
without alteration of the established CR contacts (red).
27. 35
27
PROCEDURE FOR GROUP FUNCTION GUIDANCE
• The desirable contacts are the laterotrusive on the buccal cusps of the premolars and
the mesiobuccal cusp of the first molar.
28. 35
28
EVALUATION IN THE UPRIGHT HEAD-POSITION
(Alert Feeding Position)
• To determine whether a postural change in the
mandibular position has occurred that will
cause anterior tooth contacts to be heavier
than posterior tooth contacts
• If the posterior teeth are contacting
predominantly, minimal postural change has
occurred and the selective grinding procedure
is complete.
• If, however, the anterior teeth are contacting
heavily or both anterior and posterior teeth are
contacting evenly, a final adjustment in the
alert feeding position is necessary.
29. 35
29
Influence of Functional Head Postures on the Dynamic
Functional Occlusal Parameters
• Aim: To evaluate the influence of head postures on the dynamic occlusal
parameters.
• The head posture evaluated were supine position, upright sitting position and
alert feeding position. The head postures were standardized by goniometer and
dynamic occlusal contacts were analyzed with Tscan.
• Conclusion: Occlusion time was longest in supine head position while alert
feeding position had the least occlusion time.
Haralur SB, Al-Gadhaan SM, Al-Qahtani AS, Mossa A, Al-Shehri WA, Addas MK. Influence of functional head postures on the
dynamic functional occlusal parameters. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2014;4(4):562-6.
31. 35
31
COMPUTER-ASSISTED DYNAMIC OCCLUSAL
ANALYSIS
T-scanR II system from Tekscan
(Boston, MA) uses a sensor unit
that records occlusal contacts
on a thin Mylar film and relays
the information to a computer.
Through analysis of the occlusal
contacts, it is possible to
determine the sequence and
timing of which teeth contact
and with what degree of
comparative force
32. 35
32
Balos MD, Soaita C, Cerghizan D, Popsor S. A study on the mandibular arc of closure reproducibility using the T-Scan III
computerized occlusal analysis system. Procedia Technology. 2015 Jan 1;19:916-20.
A Study on the Mandibular Arc of Closure Reproducibility Using the T-Scan III
Computerized Occlusal Analysis System
Aim: To assess the reproducibility of the mandibular arc of closure in various types of
articulators using the T-Scan III system.
33. 35
33
Results:
• The first occlusal contact in mouth is
close to those observed in the non-
arcon articulator.
• Both arcon and non-arcon articulators
are useful devices to diminish the
need for occlusal adjustments in
prosthodontics
34. 35
34
SUMMARY
1. Find and verify centric relation or adapted centric
posture (ACP). Rule out intracapsular disorders.
2. Mount casts with a facebow and a centric
relation or adapted centric bite record.
3. Analyze casts to make sure that equilibration is
the best choice of treatment.
4. Eliminate all deflective inclines that interfere
with complete closure in centric relation or ACP.
5. Verify simultaneous contact on both posterior
teeth and anterior teeth if arch alignment permits.
6. Verify that maximum intercuspation occurs in
perfect harmony with centric relation or ACP.
35. 35
35
.
SUMMARY
7. Eliminate all excursive contact on posterior teeth.
The only posterior tooth contact is in centric
relation or ACP.
8. Refine anterior guidance for all excursions (may
need to do more reduction of excursive inclines on
posteriors as anterior guidance is altered).
9. Recheck posterior teeth while firmly clenching
and grinding. There should be no contacts on
inclines.
10. Verify dots in back . . . lines in front.
11. Test the results. If an empty mouth clench can
cause any sign of discomfort or pressure in any
posterior tooth, the equilibration is not completed
Dots in back
lines in front.
36. REFERENCES AND CROSS
REFERENCES
35 36
Management of TMDs and Occlusion. Jeffrey Okeson 6th edt.
Functional occlusion from TMJ to smile design. Dawson- 3rd ed.
• Balos MD, Soaita C, Cerghizan D, Popsor S. A study on the mandibular arc of
closure reproducibility using the T-Scan III computerized occlusal analysis
system. Procedia Technology. 2015 Jan 1;19:916-20.
• Haralur SB, Al-Gadhaan SM, Al-Qahtani AS, Mossa A, Al-Shehri WA, Addas MK.
Influence of functional head postures on the dynamic functional occlusal
parameters. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2014;4(4):562-6.
Editor's Notes
the static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues;
the 3D space contained within the envelope of motion that defines mandibular movement during masticatory function and/or phonation;
If all five signs can be verified, you can count on the occlusion being stable
The working-side posterior teeth may contact in lateral group function if they are in precise harmony with anterior guidance and condylar guidance, or they may be discluded from working-side contact by the lateral anterior guidance.
Once the buccolingual discrepancy of the posterior teeth is examined (rule of thirds), the patient applies force to the teeth. n anterosuperior shift of the mandible from CR to the ICP will be noted.
which is observed by locating the mandible in the musculoskeletally stable position (CR) and with a hinge axis movement bringing the teeth into light contact.
The more horizontal the component, the greater the difficulty in accomplishing selective grinding within the confines of the enamel
The CR slide may be anterosuperior with a right lateral component (i.e., moving to the right).
The CR slide may be anterosuperior with a left lateral component.
Lingual laterotrusive contacts as well as mediotrusive contacts are always eliminated since they produce eccentric occlusal instability
When a group function is indicated, the teeth that can assist in the guidance must be selected. The patient moves the mandible through the various lateral and protrusive excursions to reveal the most desirable contacts.
Marks that might look insignificant can be potent triggers for activating muscle hyperactivity and can prevent the turning off of the elevator muscles that occurs when posterior disclusion is complete
Posterior teeth are not usually good candidates to accept the forces of eccentric mandibular movement.
The mandibular buccal cusp makes contact prematurely, preventing contact of the maxillary lingual cusp.
When the selective grinding procedure is completed, the occlusal condition reveals only the red CR contacts on the posterior teeth (except for the blue laterotrusive contacts on the buccal cusps that are necessary to assist in the guidance
In the upright position with the head tilted forward approximately 30 degrees (placing the Frankfort plane 30 degrees off horizontal), the patient closes on the posterior teeth.
Principle
If an empty mouth clench can make any posterior tooth hurt, the equilibration has not been completed
If equilibration fails to give complete relief for occlusomuscle pain, Relief of all discomfort when the posterior teeth can’t touch indicates that there were still occlusal interferences remaining
Dentatus – nonarcon
Whipmix arcon
The T-Scan III computerized occlusal analysis system is not only a powerful diagnostic tool and an accurate way to dynamically measure occlusion in vivo, but also an appropriate device for experimental occlusal studies.
• If the anterior teeth do not touch during maximal closure because of anterior open bite or overjet, develop the anterior guidance on the most forward upper tooth that can contact in protrusive from centric relation.
• If the anterior teeth cannot disclude the posterior teeth in lateral excursions, consider posterior group function on the working side to disclude the balancing side.