Food labelling regulation (FLR) is designed to protect the economic expectations of both consumers and the food industry.
Since compliance with food labelling requirements is necessary to market the product, FLRs have a straight impact on international trade and they may pose obstacles to international trade;
Within the World Trade Organization (WTO), traditional trade barriers such as tariffs are steadily being reduced, while food safety standards, regulations related to traceability, product certification, environmental standards and other regulations are increasing in scope and significance as international trade in food opens up.
The presentation addresses an introduction to the International Rules on Trade in Foods (SPS and TBT agreements) and some highlights on major changes in FLRs.
A final section puts en eye on the Chinese, Japanese and US food regulations with special regards to import-process
EU Food Regulation on Additives, Novel Foods and Food Contact MaterialsDaniele Pisanello
The presentation has been used within the EIPA's Seminar "Introduction to the fundamentals of EU Food Law: principles, procedures & main regulatory components", 7 and 13 of Luly 2016, on behalf of European Commission, DG Translation.
It provides an introduction to specific legal standards relating to food additives, novel foods and food contact materials.
The document discusses EU regulations on traceability, labelling, and certification for fish products, as well as Spanish consumer choices for these products. It outlines requirements for traceability systems that allow products to be traced throughout production and distribution. Mandatory labelling information is also specified, including name, ingredients, nutrition information, and date labels. Certification schemes address issues like quality, environment, and animal welfare to provide information to consumers. Data on Spanish consumer purchases shows that most acquire fish products from supermarkets rather than specialized stores, and prefer fresh over processed options, with higher sales in winter months.
Lecture 9 ib 404 institutional framework for international businessMahir Jawad
The document discusses the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), which establishes a framework for sanitary and phytosanitary measures that may directly or indirectly affect international trade. It seeks to balance members' rights to implement measures to protect human, animal, and plant health with obligations to ensure measures are not arbitrarily discriminatory and are based on scientific evidence. The agreement also addresses issues like risk assessment, harmonization of standards, equivalence of measures between members, and technical assistance for developing countries.
The WTO Agreement on the Application of SPS Measuresousja
This document provides an overview of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). It defines SPS measures as those taken to protect human, animal or plant life from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease. The key principles of the SPS Agreement are harmonization of SPS measures based on international standards, conducting scientific risk assessments, adopting measures at an appropriate level of protection, and ensuring transparency. It identifies the international organizations responsible for standard setting in food safety, animal health and plant health.
Packaging law is complex, covering many different areas including labeling, environmental, structural, and intellectual property laws. It depends on the product contents, intended use, and materials used. The main regulatory agencies are the FDA, which regulates food, drugs, cosmetics and medical products, and the FTC, which regulates consumer products labeling. Packaging laws must be considered at both the federal and state levels due to the principle of federalism. Understanding the scientific and political aspects of packaging laws is also important, as regulations do not always strictly follow science due to outside pressures.
This seminar presentation summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, including:
1) The SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the WTO that was negotiated during the Uruguay Round and entered into force in 1995.
2) There are three standards organizations that set standards for SPS measures: Codex, OIE, and IPPC.
3) SPS measures can influence international trade both positively by promoting economic development and alleviating poverty, and negatively by restricting trade.
4) The SPS Agreement aims to establish rules to guide the development and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures to protect health while minimizing negative trade impacts and expanding liberalization.
EU Food Regulation on Additives, Novel Foods and Food Contact MaterialsDaniele Pisanello
The presentation has been used within the EIPA's Seminar "Introduction to the fundamentals of EU Food Law: principles, procedures & main regulatory components", 7 and 13 of Luly 2016, on behalf of European Commission, DG Translation.
It provides an introduction to specific legal standards relating to food additives, novel foods and food contact materials.
The document discusses EU regulations on traceability, labelling, and certification for fish products, as well as Spanish consumer choices for these products. It outlines requirements for traceability systems that allow products to be traced throughout production and distribution. Mandatory labelling information is also specified, including name, ingredients, nutrition information, and date labels. Certification schemes address issues like quality, environment, and animal welfare to provide information to consumers. Data on Spanish consumer purchases shows that most acquire fish products from supermarkets rather than specialized stores, and prefer fresh over processed options, with higher sales in winter months.
Lecture 9 ib 404 institutional framework for international businessMahir Jawad
The document discusses the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), which establishes a framework for sanitary and phytosanitary measures that may directly or indirectly affect international trade. It seeks to balance members' rights to implement measures to protect human, animal, and plant health with obligations to ensure measures are not arbitrarily discriminatory and are based on scientific evidence. The agreement also addresses issues like risk assessment, harmonization of standards, equivalence of measures between members, and technical assistance for developing countries.
The WTO Agreement on the Application of SPS Measuresousja
This document provides an overview of the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). It defines SPS measures as those taken to protect human, animal or plant life from risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins or disease. The key principles of the SPS Agreement are harmonization of SPS measures based on international standards, conducting scientific risk assessments, adopting measures at an appropriate level of protection, and ensuring transparency. It identifies the international organizations responsible for standard setting in food safety, animal health and plant health.
Packaging law is complex, covering many different areas including labeling, environmental, structural, and intellectual property laws. It depends on the product contents, intended use, and materials used. The main regulatory agencies are the FDA, which regulates food, drugs, cosmetics and medical products, and the FTC, which regulates consumer products labeling. Packaging laws must be considered at both the federal and state levels due to the principle of federalism. Understanding the scientific and political aspects of packaging laws is also important, as regulations do not always strictly follow science due to outside pressures.
This seminar presentation summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, including:
1) The SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the WTO that was negotiated during the Uruguay Round and entered into force in 1995.
2) There are three standards organizations that set standards for SPS measures: Codex, OIE, and IPPC.
3) SPS measures can influence international trade both positively by promoting economic development and alleviating poverty, and negatively by restricting trade.
4) The SPS Agreement aims to establish rules to guide the development and enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary measures to protect health while minimizing negative trade impacts and expanding liberalization.
The document summarizes regulations for processed food in Indonesia. It describes Indonesia's food control infrastructure, including relevant laws and the National Agency for Drug and Food Control (NADFC), which functions similarly to a food and drug administration. NADFC oversees regulation of processed foods, including pre-market assessment and standards for food safety, quality, additives, labeling and advertising. The agency develops regulations and technical guidelines to implement Indonesia's food laws.
The document summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, which establishes rules for food safety, animal and plant health standards in international trade. It entered into force in 1995 with the establishment of the WTO. The agreement aims to allow countries to set health standards while preventing unjustified barriers to trade. It outlines 10 principles member countries should follow, including basing measures on risk assessments, ensuring transparency, and controlling diseases and pests. Complying with the agreement benefits member countries by improving market access.
The document summarizes Japan's Organic JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard) system for certifying and labeling organic agricultural products and foods. Key points include:
1. The system was established in 2000 based on Codex Guidelines for organic production. Only certified producers can label products as organic using the JAS organic mark.
2. The Organic JAS standard prohibits the use of synthetic chemicals and GMOs. It requires at least 2 years without prohibited substances before planting.
3. Additional JAS standards cover organic livestock, feeds, and processed foods. Standards aim to maintain soil health and minimize environmental impacts using natural substances and cultivation methods.
Définition des rôles institutionnels, J.P. Boutonnet, Institut National de la...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/quality-and-origin-program/en
Définition des rôles institutionnels, J.P. Boutonnet, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA France), H. Ilbert, Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen (IAM Montpellier), Hubert Devautour (CIRAD Montpellier)
English
The document summarizes food regulatory frameworks and commodity food standards in China. It provides an overview of the evolution of food legislation in China from the 1950s to present. It then describes the government organizations responsible for food safety and standards. The rest of the document analyzes specific Chinese food standards for various commodity categories like frozen foods, carbonated beverages, and instant noodles through case studies. It compares Chinese standards to Codex Alimentarius formats and requirements.
This document provides an overview of safety evaluation and standards for food packaging materials in China. It discusses the inspection and evaluation requirements for food packaging materials, including required chemistry and toxicology information. It also outlines the major regulations on packaging materials in China's Food Safety Law. Finally, it describes China's food packaging material safety standard system, including horizontal standards, additive lists, material standards, and test methods.
The document discusses regulations and standards regarding food contact materials and food packaging in ASEAN member countries.
It provides an overview of the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standard and Quality of Product – Prepared Food Product Working Group (ACCSQ-PFPWG), which works to harmonize standards and technical regulations among ASEAN countries.
The document then summarizes regulations and standards for food packaging in several ASEAN countries including Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, and Myanmar. It focuses on regulations for materials like plastics, metals, and restrictions on recycled packaging.
Plant protection product registration and control in lithuania (l.taluntyte)cropprotection
The document summarizes the organization and responsibilities of the State Plant Service under the Ministry of Agriculture in Lithuania. It details the Service's roles in registering plant protection products and controlling their use. The Service developed from the merging of three state services in 2010. It is responsible for developing policy and regulating areas like plant health, quality, and pesticide registration and control. The Service oversees regional testing divisions and has a division dedicated to authorizing pesticides. Inspections are carried out annually according to a plan, and violators are identified.
What is a biocidal product? How can I determine if a product is a biocide or cosmetics product? What are legal obligations when it comes to biocides? What is the difference between authorization and notification of biocidal product during the transitional period?
All these questions and more are answered in this presentation. If you have more questions regarding biocides, please feel free to contact me and I will be happy to answer.
1) The document discusses the role of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in international trade agreements. It outlines some of the challenges faced by the EU and US in bilateral trade negotiations, including differences in rules around issues like animal welfare, food safety standards, and pesticide use.
2) The EU wishes to address more issues in bilateral trade agreements than are currently covered in existing veterinary agreements with countries like the US. The EU wants to push principles around animal welfare, antibiotics use, and geographical indications of food products.
3) Negotiating bilateral trade agreements presents both opportunities to advance important EU policies and principles internationally, but also threats if the EU has to compromise on key positions to achieve more balanced
Chapter VII: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures and outlines objectives and provisions for cooperation between the parties on these types of measures. It establishes a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures to facilitate implementation of the chapter and enhance communication. The committee will provide a forum for parties to improve understanding of sanitary and phytosanitary issues and regulatory processes and identify technical cooperation opportunities. The document also covers recognition of regional conditions, pest-free areas, and equivalence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures between parties.
Dr Yankuic Alain Lohoues, WHO Temporary Adviser
WHO Secretariat
Dr Joachim Hombach, Medical Officer, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and
Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr Suzanne Hill, Director, Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical
Policies, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr Rajae El Aouad, Coordinator, Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines,
Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, WHO, Geneva,
Switzerland
Dr Yankuic Alain Lohoues, Technical Officer, Quality Assurance and Safety:
Medicines, Department of Essential Medicines and
This document provides guidelines for the production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. It was developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to facilitate international trade in organic foods and prevent misleading claims by harmonizing requirements. The guidelines cover the concept of organic production, definitions, labelling rules, production and preparation standards, substances permitted in organic production, inspection and certification systems, and import requirements. The aim is to protect consumers from fraud and help producers by ensuring organic integrity throughout the supply chain.
This document summarizes NAFDAC's regulatory activities regarding pesticides in Nigeria. It defines key terms like pesticides and provides an overview of the laws regulating them. It also outlines NAFDAC's mandate to regulate pesticides and the requirements for registration and importation of pesticides. Precautionary measures for safe use and labeling requirements are also discussed. The goal of NAFDAC's regulation is to promote safe, effective and quality pesticides while protecting human and animal health.
1. The Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006 established the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) as an autonomous body to regulate food safety and set standards for food products.
2. The FSSAI is composed of a Chairperson and 22 members from various government ministries and departments, food industry representatives, consumer organizations, and food scientists.
3. The Act aims to consolidate laws related to food safety and regulation, ensure safe and wholesome food, and lay down science-based standards for food products and monitoring of food manufacturing and packaging in India.
The long awaited new novel food regulation has finally made its very welcome arrival to update and streamline the approach to gaining approval for new food and food ingredients in the EU. It’s main benefits are to clarify the scope and definitions, to introduce a centralised procedure and to introduce a notification process for “traditional foods from third countries”. Whilst it also introduces a generic “Union List”, it also allows proprietary submissions in some cases. Although the actual legal enactment is not until January 2018, there is so much to do in the meantime. January 2016 webinar now available on demand: http://www.intertek.com/knowledge-education/new-novel-food-regulation-transition-begins/
The Article analyses on an operative ground the recently adopted reforms in the field of
Official Controls on Foodstuffs in order to highlight some shortage of coherence within
EU Food Law. Being aimed at pursuing a number of different objectives, a high level of
protection of human life and health, the protection of consumers’ interests, including fair
practices in food trade, modern EU Food Law is a very impressive set of rules covering
a large number of aspects of the food business and the activities of public authorities;
at the same time such a big picture may risk being shattered by a decoupling based
overview where the whole scope of Food Law is not properly understood by the
Competent Authorities and the Food Business Operator gets addicted to an esoteric legal
system.
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
The relationship between codex standards and European, national Food safety a...G1FT
- Codex Alimentarius sets food standards and guidelines to protect consumer health based on scientific evidence and analysis.
- Under WTO agreements, Codex is recognized as the authoritative body for resolving disputes about risk assessments and setting guidelines.
- The EU has exclusive competence over matters where food rules are fully harmonized with Codex. Competence is shared for partial harmonization. Member States have competence over procedural and organizational matters.
- Codex and EU regulations have many areas of common standards, including definitions of key terms, general labeling requirements to not mislead consumers, principles of legibility, and nutrition labeling guidelines.
Syarikat Kimia Mutiara solicited bids for a chemical plant design project. Contractor X submitted the highest bid but included a unique processing scheme. Without informing Contractor X, Syarikat Kimia Mutiara asked Contractor Z to bid on Contractor X's scheme. This document discusses the ethics of Syarikat Kimia Mutiara's actions in three parts: it was unethical to transfer Contractor X's confidential information without permission, especially if Contractor X had patented the design; the action could harm relationships and reputation in the long run; and Anna, an employee of Syarikat Kimia Mutiara, should not have disclosed information to her boyfriend at Contractor X unless public
The document summarizes regulations for processed food in Indonesia. It describes Indonesia's food control infrastructure, including relevant laws and the National Agency for Drug and Food Control (NADFC), which functions similarly to a food and drug administration. NADFC oversees regulation of processed foods, including pre-market assessment and standards for food safety, quality, additives, labeling and advertising. The agency develops regulations and technical guidelines to implement Indonesia's food laws.
The document summarizes the key points of the SPS Agreement, which establishes rules for food safety, animal and plant health standards in international trade. It entered into force in 1995 with the establishment of the WTO. The agreement aims to allow countries to set health standards while preventing unjustified barriers to trade. It outlines 10 principles member countries should follow, including basing measures on risk assessments, ensuring transparency, and controlling diseases and pests. Complying with the agreement benefits member countries by improving market access.
The document summarizes Japan's Organic JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standard) system for certifying and labeling organic agricultural products and foods. Key points include:
1. The system was established in 2000 based on Codex Guidelines for organic production. Only certified producers can label products as organic using the JAS organic mark.
2. The Organic JAS standard prohibits the use of synthetic chemicals and GMOs. It requires at least 2 years without prohibited substances before planting.
3. Additional JAS standards cover organic livestock, feeds, and processed foods. Standards aim to maintain soil health and minimize environmental impacts using natural substances and cultivation methods.
Définition des rôles institutionnels, J.P. Boutonnet, Institut National de la...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/in-action/quality-and-origin-program/en
Définition des rôles institutionnels, J.P. Boutonnet, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA France), H. Ilbert, Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen (IAM Montpellier), Hubert Devautour (CIRAD Montpellier)
English
The document summarizes food regulatory frameworks and commodity food standards in China. It provides an overview of the evolution of food legislation in China from the 1950s to present. It then describes the government organizations responsible for food safety and standards. The rest of the document analyzes specific Chinese food standards for various commodity categories like frozen foods, carbonated beverages, and instant noodles through case studies. It compares Chinese standards to Codex Alimentarius formats and requirements.
This document provides an overview of safety evaluation and standards for food packaging materials in China. It discusses the inspection and evaluation requirements for food packaging materials, including required chemistry and toxicology information. It also outlines the major regulations on packaging materials in China's Food Safety Law. Finally, it describes China's food packaging material safety standard system, including horizontal standards, additive lists, material standards, and test methods.
The document discusses regulations and standards regarding food contact materials and food packaging in ASEAN member countries.
It provides an overview of the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standard and Quality of Product – Prepared Food Product Working Group (ACCSQ-PFPWG), which works to harmonize standards and technical regulations among ASEAN countries.
The document then summarizes regulations and standards for food packaging in several ASEAN countries including Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, and Myanmar. It focuses on regulations for materials like plastics, metals, and restrictions on recycled packaging.
Plant protection product registration and control in lithuania (l.taluntyte)cropprotection
The document summarizes the organization and responsibilities of the State Plant Service under the Ministry of Agriculture in Lithuania. It details the Service's roles in registering plant protection products and controlling their use. The Service developed from the merging of three state services in 2010. It is responsible for developing policy and regulating areas like plant health, quality, and pesticide registration and control. The Service oversees regional testing divisions and has a division dedicated to authorizing pesticides. Inspections are carried out annually according to a plan, and violators are identified.
What is a biocidal product? How can I determine if a product is a biocide or cosmetics product? What are legal obligations when it comes to biocides? What is the difference between authorization and notification of biocidal product during the transitional period?
All these questions and more are answered in this presentation. If you have more questions regarding biocides, please feel free to contact me and I will be happy to answer.
1) The document discusses the role of sanitary and phytosanitary measures in international trade agreements. It outlines some of the challenges faced by the EU and US in bilateral trade negotiations, including differences in rules around issues like animal welfare, food safety standards, and pesticide use.
2) The EU wishes to address more issues in bilateral trade agreements than are currently covered in existing veterinary agreements with countries like the US. The EU wants to push principles around animal welfare, antibiotics use, and geographical indications of food products.
3) Negotiating bilateral trade agreements presents both opportunities to advance important EU policies and principles internationally, but also threats if the EU has to compromise on key positions to achieve more balanced
Chapter VII: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures chapterBalo English
This document defines key terms related to sanitary and phytosanitary measures and outlines objectives and provisions for cooperation between the parties on these types of measures. It establishes a Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures to facilitate implementation of the chapter and enhance communication. The committee will provide a forum for parties to improve understanding of sanitary and phytosanitary issues and regulatory processes and identify technical cooperation opportunities. The document also covers recognition of regional conditions, pest-free areas, and equivalence of sanitary and phytosanitary measures between parties.
Dr Yankuic Alain Lohoues, WHO Temporary Adviser
WHO Secretariat
Dr Joachim Hombach, Medical Officer, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and
Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr Suzanne Hill, Director, Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical
Policies, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
Dr Rajae El Aouad, Coordinator, Quality Assurance and Safety: Medicines,
Department of Essential Medicines and Pharmaceutical Policies, WHO, Geneva,
Switzerland
Dr Yankuic Alain Lohoues, Technical Officer, Quality Assurance and Safety:
Medicines, Department of Essential Medicines and
This document provides guidelines for the production, processing, labelling and marketing of organically produced foods. It was developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to facilitate international trade in organic foods and prevent misleading claims by harmonizing requirements. The guidelines cover the concept of organic production, definitions, labelling rules, production and preparation standards, substances permitted in organic production, inspection and certification systems, and import requirements. The aim is to protect consumers from fraud and help producers by ensuring organic integrity throughout the supply chain.
This document summarizes NAFDAC's regulatory activities regarding pesticides in Nigeria. It defines key terms like pesticides and provides an overview of the laws regulating them. It also outlines NAFDAC's mandate to regulate pesticides and the requirements for registration and importation of pesticides. Precautionary measures for safe use and labeling requirements are also discussed. The goal of NAFDAC's regulation is to promote safe, effective and quality pesticides while protecting human and animal health.
1. The Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006 established the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) as an autonomous body to regulate food safety and set standards for food products.
2. The FSSAI is composed of a Chairperson and 22 members from various government ministries and departments, food industry representatives, consumer organizations, and food scientists.
3. The Act aims to consolidate laws related to food safety and regulation, ensure safe and wholesome food, and lay down science-based standards for food products and monitoring of food manufacturing and packaging in India.
The long awaited new novel food regulation has finally made its very welcome arrival to update and streamline the approach to gaining approval for new food and food ingredients in the EU. It’s main benefits are to clarify the scope and definitions, to introduce a centralised procedure and to introduce a notification process for “traditional foods from third countries”. Whilst it also introduces a generic “Union List”, it also allows proprietary submissions in some cases. Although the actual legal enactment is not until January 2018, there is so much to do in the meantime. January 2016 webinar now available on demand: http://www.intertek.com/knowledge-education/new-novel-food-regulation-transition-begins/
The Article analyses on an operative ground the recently adopted reforms in the field of
Official Controls on Foodstuffs in order to highlight some shortage of coherence within
EU Food Law. Being aimed at pursuing a number of different objectives, a high level of
protection of human life and health, the protection of consumers’ interests, including fair
practices in food trade, modern EU Food Law is a very impressive set of rules covering
a large number of aspects of the food business and the activities of public authorities;
at the same time such a big picture may risk being shattered by a decoupling based
overview where the whole scope of Food Law is not properly understood by the
Competent Authorities and the Food Business Operator gets addicted to an esoteric legal
system.
20141105 Seminario Información al Consumidor - CDFIAB
The document discusses recent developments related to Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers, including:
1) New questions and answers on the application of the regulation and upcoming publications on nutrition and general labelling.
2) Adaptation of the definition of engineered nanomaterials to include a new threshold and exemptions.
3) Mandatory origin labelling for certain meats and reports on extending these requirements to other foods.
4) National measures on providing allergen information for non-prepacked foods and debates around harmonizing these rules.
The relationship between codex standards and European, national Food safety a...G1FT
- Codex Alimentarius sets food standards and guidelines to protect consumer health based on scientific evidence and analysis.
- Under WTO agreements, Codex is recognized as the authoritative body for resolving disputes about risk assessments and setting guidelines.
- The EU has exclusive competence over matters where food rules are fully harmonized with Codex. Competence is shared for partial harmonization. Member States have competence over procedural and organizational matters.
- Codex and EU regulations have many areas of common standards, including definitions of key terms, general labeling requirements to not mislead consumers, principles of legibility, and nutrition labeling guidelines.
Syarikat Kimia Mutiara solicited bids for a chemical plant design project. Contractor X submitted the highest bid but included a unique processing scheme. Without informing Contractor X, Syarikat Kimia Mutiara asked Contractor Z to bid on Contractor X's scheme. This document discusses the ethics of Syarikat Kimia Mutiara's actions in three parts: it was unethical to transfer Contractor X's confidential information without permission, especially if Contractor X had patented the design; the action could harm relationships and reputation in the long run; and Anna, an employee of Syarikat Kimia Mutiara, should not have disclosed information to her boyfriend at Contractor X unless public
The document discusses branding, packaging, and labelling. It defines branding as identifying goods and differentiating them from competitors. Branding includes elements like trademarks, brand marks, and trade names. The document also discusses brand identity, equity, and image management. It outlines different branding strategies companies can adopt like product, line, range, umbrella, and double branding. Lastly, it provides an overview of the purposes of packaging and labelling in describing products to consumers.
Developing and sustaining excellent packaging labelling and artwork capabilit...Be4ward
This document provides information on developing and sustaining excellent packaging, labelling, and artwork capabilities. It discusses the importance of artwork accuracy in ensuring patient safety and avoiding recalls. It outlines key elements needed for a successful artwork capability, including defining control points in the process, roles and responsibilities, work management processes, IT tools, and a phased approach to continuous improvement. The document uses examples from the pharmaceutical industry to illustrate best practices in packaging artwork management.
Role of EVOH in Barrier Flexible Packaging - October 2015Sachin Gangal
This document summarizes information about the use of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) in flexible packaging applications. It discusses Kuraray as the world's largest producer of EVOH, the properties and processing of EVOH, and various applications where EVOH is used as an oxygen and aroma barrier material, such as packaging for milk, sauces, bag-in-box wines, laminated tubes, snack foods, agricultural films, and hermetic storage bags. Emerging uses of EVOH include replacement of glass, metal, and aluminum foil in packaging through its barrier properties and ability to provide recyclable packaging structures.
We at Mico plast are proud with the client base we have built up by delivering quality & safety packaging to our customers, to deliver a better product to the consumers.
Global Flexible Packaging Market: Size, Trends & Forecasts (2016-2020) - Daed...Daedal Research
The global flexible packaging market grew approximately __% from 2014 to 2015 due to factors like population growth, increasing small households, and e-commerce. The market is expected to continue growing due to reduced food waste, healthy snacking, and packaging innovation. Asia Pacific is the largest region. Plastic is the largest substrate, followed by paper and foil. The consumer flexible packaging segment is larger than industrial flexible packaging, with food as the largest end-user. Key companies profiled are Amcor, Berry Plastic Group, and Bemis.
Flexographic Printing vs. Digital PrintingLabelValue.com
Ever wondered what the difference was between flexographic printing and digital? Learn the difference and what the benefits and drawbacks of each printing solution are.
Interactive dia3 (dl3) holsten english translationKonstellation
1) The document provides instructions for uploading a photo and filling out contact details to become the "Man of the Year" featured in a TV commercial and movie by Holsten Viral.
2) It allows the user to choose uploading a photo from Facebook, their personal computer, or via camera. It then guides the user through adjusting the photo within the frame and providing their name, email, city, and country contact details.
3) Finally, it prompts the user to join Holsten's fan page and club to receive updates and get access to share the movie video with friends via email, Facebook, or a URL link.
Validation of packaging operations PharmaDivesh Singla
The document discusses pharmaceutical packaging validation. It begins with introductions and definitions of packaging and packaging validation. It then discusses selection criteria for packaging materials, characteristics of materials, types of packaging and materials. The document outlines validation protocols and discusses visual inspection, identification testing, dimensional analysis, and microbiological testing during validation. It also describes blister packaging and strip packaging processes.
The rapid emergence of branding in food retail in asiaKrishna Singh
This document summarizes a case study on the rapid emergence of branding in the makhana (gorgon nut) market in Bihar, India. The following key points are made:
- Branding of makhana has diffused rapidly, with the share of branded products doubling from 25% to 50% of the total market over five years.
- Two types of brands exist - low-price brands that focus on packaging with little quality consideration, and high-price brands that invest more in quality, advertising, and specialized salespeople.
- Information provided by most brands is incomplete or misleading regarding traceability, certification, and linkages to producers.
- While retail prices of branded products
Investment opportunity in emerging flexible packaging sector in IndiaAjjay Kumar Gupta
Indian flexible packaging sector presents a massive opportunity for budding entrepreneurs on the back of its high growth potential. In India and as well as around the globe, flexible packaging solutions have emerged as the high growth segment of the packaging industry.Indian flexible packaging sector is in the pink of its health in the wake of changing consumer dynamics and growth potential of end user industries. It presents lucrative business opportunities for venturing and diversifying. Rising incomes, mounting health awareness and evolving eating habits of the Indian consumers will keep pouring in growth for the sector.
ManageArtworks is a Cloud based Packaging Artwork Management and Labeling Software which helps Pharma, Food and Cosmetic companies gain a competitive edge.
Lecture 5 - Packaging Materials and LabellingVirtu Institute
This document provides an overview of packaging materials, types of packaging, and labelling. It discusses the three main types of packaging: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Common packaging materials include plastic, metal, glass, cardboard, and foam. Flexible packaging such as bags are also described. The primary functions of labelling are communication and meeting legal requirements. Common label types and symbols are explained. Links to additional resources on product labelling standards are also included.
REGULATIONS RELATED TO GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS.pptxAfeefahA
The document discusses regulations related to genetically modified foods in India and international organizations that deal with food standards and quality control.
The existing GM food regulations in India are managed by the Ministry of Environment and Department of Biotechnology, focusing on environmental and research aspects. The Codex Alimentarius Commission establishes international food standards and was established in 1963 by the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization. It has established standards for many food commodities and practices.
The World Trade Organization, established in 1995, includes agreements on sanitary and phytosanitary measures to ensure food safety and plant and animal health standards are not unjustified barriers to trade. The Technical Barriers to Trade agreement also aims to prevent unnecessary
The document discusses the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) which came into force in 1995. The SPS Agreement recognizes countries' rights to adopt science-based food safety, animal and plant health measures but aims to prevent such measures from being disguised protectionism. It establishes rules for risk assessment, harmonization of regulations, and transparency in the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. The SPS Agreement also includes provisions for technical assistance to developing countries and recognizes constraints they face in implementation.
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This document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and several key agreements related to international food trade. It explains that the WTO was established in 1995 and oversees global trade rules and agreements. The document summarizes several major agreements that impact food trade, including the Agreement on Agriculture, the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement, the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement, and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. These agreements aim to facilitate international food trade while allowing countries to enforce food safety and animal and plant health regulations.
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1. Food labelling as
a market access
tool:
Methodology
Daniele Pisanello
-Food Lawyer-
Parma, 5 luglio 2012
www.lexalimentaria.eu
www.lexalimentraia.eu
2. Few words about the Speaker
Daniele Pisanello is a 10-year experienced food lawyer
Current position
• Founder and owner of LEX ALIMENTARIA STUDIO LEGALE
(www.lexalimentaria.eu, offices in Bologna and Lecce; desks in Istanbul,
Turkey, and Jakarta, Indonesia)
• Board Member at Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute
(FIHRI), a no profit US organization involved in food safety and risk
communication
• Author for ItaliaOggi and EU Food Law Weekly
• Lecturer at: University of Bari – Veterinary Faculty and School of Law
Our Legal Services:
• Marketing standards for foodstuffs
• Food regulatory compliance
• Labelling and consumer Protection
• Sanctions and Orders by Official Controls
• Contracts and Liabilities
• Administrative and Trade Law
2 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
3. 1 Food Labelling Regulations: an international outlook
2 Major recent changes in FLRs
3 A compliance-oriented approach
4 Enforcing guidelines - Country reports
3 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
4. Food labelling: an introduction
Accordingly to Codex Alimentarius’ Standard “Labelling of Prepackaged Foods”
(CODEX STAN 1-1985)
“Label” means any tag, brand, mark, pictorial or other descriptive matter,
written, printed, stencilled, marked, embossed or impressed on, or attached
to, a container of food.
“Labelling” includes any written, printed or graphic matter that is present on
the label, accompanies the food, or is displayed near the food, including that
for the purpose of promoting its sale or disposal.
4 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
5. Food labelling regulation (FLR) is designed to protect the economic
expectations of both consumers and the food industry
Since compliance with food labelling requirements is necessary to market
the product, FLRs have a straight impact on international trade and they may
pose obstacles to international trade;
Within the World Trade Organization (WTO), traditional trade barriers such
as tariffs are steadily being reduced, while food safety standards, regulations
related to traceability, product certification, environmental standards and
other regulations are increasing in scope and significance as international
trade in food opens up.
International Rules on Trade in Foods
Some highlights on major changes in FLRs
5 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
6. International Rules on Trade in Foods
WTO Agreements affecting Trade in Commodities and Processed Foods
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
Agreement on Agriculture
Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
6 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
7. The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
The two-fold objective of the SPS Agreement is:
To recognize the sovereign right of WTO Members to provide the level of
health protection they deem appropriate; and
To ensure that SPS measures do not represent unnecessary, arbitrary,
scientifically unjustifiable, or disguised restrictions on international trade.
7 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
8. The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (cont.)
The scope of application of the Agreement (Article 1.1):
It applies to all sanitary and phytosanitary measures which may, directly or
indirectly, affect international trade;
Such measures shall be developed and applied in accordance with the
provisions of this Agreement (if they are not, a complaint can be field through
the Dispute Settlement Mechanism under the WTO Framework).
8 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
9. The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (cont.)
To fall under SPS Agreement’s provisions, a measure must:
Have the subjective intent to protect human, animal or plant life or health;
Aim to protect against either food-borne risks or against pest or disease
related risks;
“Directly or indirectly affect international trade.”
A non-exhaustive list of SPS measures is provided in Annex A of the SPS Agreement:
Additives in food or drink;
Contaminants in food or drink;
Certification: food safety, animal or plant health;
Processing methods with implications for food safety;
Other sanitary requirements for imports;
Labeling requirements directly related to food safety and others.
9 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
10. The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (cont.)
Basic Rights and Obligations:
WTO Members have the right to adopt appropriate SPS measures that they
consider necessary to protect health, provided that they are consistent with
the provisions of the SPS Agreement.
Standard based on Science:
Although WTO Members do have a certain degree of flexibility with regard to
SPS measures, Article 2 of the SPS Agreement provides that measures not
based on scientific principles are not valid within the terms of the agreement.
10 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
11. The Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (cont.)
The SPS Agreement recognises three international standard-setting bodies:
CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF THE EPIZOOTICS
SECRETARIAT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION CONVENTION
11 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
12. Codex and Labelling Regulations
General Guidelines on Claims (CAC/GL 1-1979 , rev. 1991)
Guidelines on Nutrition Labelling (CAC/GL 2-1985 , rev. 2011)
Guidelines for the Production, Processing, Labelling and Marketing of Organically
Produced Foods (CAC/GL 32-1999, rev. 2010)
General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1-1985 , rev.
2010)
General Standard for the Labelling of Food Additives when sold as such (CODEX STAN
107-1981, rev. 1981)
General Standard for the Labelling of and Claims for Prepackaged Foods for Special
Dietary Uses (CODEX STAN 146-1985, rev. 1985)
Standard for Labelling of and Claims for Foods for Special Medical Purposes (CODEX
STAN 180-1991, rev. 1991)
12 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
13. The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
General Objective of the TBT Agreement
The right of WTO Members to adopt Technical
Recognizes Regulations, Standards and Conformity
Assessment Procedures
But, at the Ensures that such measures do not create
same time unnecessary obstacles to trade
13 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
14. What a TBT measure deal with?
TBT measures typically deal with:
Labeling of composition or quality of food, drink and drugs;
Quality requirements for fresh food;
Volume, shape and appearance of packaging;
Testing vehicles and accessories;
Regulations for ships and ship equipment;
Safety regulations for toys and others.
14 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
15. Objectives of TBT Agreement
The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) seeks to assure that:
mandatory product regulations,
voluntary product standards, and
conformity assessment procedures (procedures designed to test a product’s
conformity with mandatory regulations or voluntary standards)
do not become unnecessary obstacles to international trade and are not employed to
obstruct trade.
15 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
16. Technical Regulation
Technical Regulation:
“Document which lays down product characteristics or their related processes
and production methods, including the applicable administrative provisions,
with which compliance is mandatory.
It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging,
marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or
production method.”
• Examples of technical regulations:
a) A law stating that all product packaging must be recyclable
b) A law stating that only refrigerators that are one meter high can be
sold in State X
c) A regulation establishing compulsory particulars for food labelling
16 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
17. Standards and Conformity Assessment
Standard:
Document approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and
repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products or related
processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory.
It may also include or deal exclusively with terminology, symbols, packaging,
marking or labelling requirements as they apply to a product, process or
production method.
• Examples of Standards:
a) A guideline defining what products can display a “recyclable symbol” is
a standard (provided that products that do not bear the symbol may
still be sold).
b) A government guideline saying that all eggs weighing 62 grams or more
are entitled to be labelled “Grade A” is a standard (provided that eggs
weighing less may still be sold).
Conformity Assessment Procedure:
“Any procedure used, directly or indirectly, to determine that relevant
requirements in technical regulations or standards are fulfilled.”
17 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
18. Private standards
Private standards: role and differences in respects to mandatory
requirements:
Requirements of private standards are often stricter than the law (for example,
in terms of MRLs)
Compliance with private standards is not required by law but by private
contracts with, for example, retailers
Third country suppliers often think they are mandatory by law
Examples for widely accepted standards in the European market
British Retailer Consortium BRC, EUREPGAP
18 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
19. Private Standards and WTO law
The taking up of consumer concerns about animal welfare, environmental,
occupational health and safety and consumer safety aspects of foods, for
example, in private voluntary standards is a phenomenon that largely post-
dates the negotiation of the SPS and TBT Agreements.
The possible application of the SPS Agreement to the development of
private voluntary standards or conformity assessment against such
standards was never anticipated.
The TBT Agreement, on the other hand, deals not only with the
development and implementation (including “conformity
assessment”) of mandatory technical regulations by governments but
also, explicitly, with private activities to develop and adopt standards
and to conduct conformity assessment.
19 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
20. At the national level there is no apparent legal impediment to prevent buyers from
defining and applying specific technical requirements to the products that they
purchase; and in the case of food wholesalers and retailers there are many good
reasons why the application of such requirements is justified in order to manage
business risks
While private voluntary standards may in many instances provide a stimulus to
improved production practices and performance in exporting countries, and
potentially give a competitive advantage to complying producers, they may also act
as significant barriers to market access for some industries in some countries –
especially least developed countries. There may also be a proportionately greater
disadvantage to smaller-scale producers
These barriers to trade are associated with a number of factors including up-front
capital costs, initial and on-going costs of third-party certification, higher operating
costs for producers, and reduced profit margins.
20 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
21. Notwithstanding that the TBT Agreement specifically addresses private standard-
setting and conformity assessment activities, there remain difficulties in the path of
its effective application in this sphere.
Members are obliged to take such reasonable measures as may be available to
them to ensure compliance by non-governmental organisations with the
provisions of Article 2 of the Agreement, but there is again the issue of the
scope of “ reasonable measures”.
Many developing countries believe that eco-labelling requirements that relate
to matters other than attributes incorporated into products (e.g. pesticide
residues) are proscribed under WTO rules; other Members do not agree.
Lack of significant case law prevent the understanding of the applicability of
the TBT Agreement to voluntary standards that are not product-related.
21 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
22. 2 Major recent changes in FLRs
22 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
23. Changing Patterns in the field of FLRs in a Year and half
Within 1/1/2011 to 1/06/2012 , 158 TBT measures have been notified as regards
processed foods
Czech Ukraine: 1
EC: 6 Republic: 1 South Korea: 6
Canada: 1 Japan: 3
Kuwait: 40 Chinese
US: 3 Tapei: 4
Mexico: 40 Indonesia: 4
Guatemala: 4
Kenya: 3
El Salvador: 7
Costa Rica: 3 Brasil: 1 UAE: 15
Bahrain: 29
Chile: 15 South Africa: 10 Qatar: 3
Oman: 7 Australia: 1
Paraguay: 2 Saudi Arabia: 1
23 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
24. Rapid Changes in FLRs around the world: issues from
the last 12 months
ISRAEL.: proposal KUWAIT: mandatory
CZECH REP.: additional requirements for new labelling standard specifies
for the labelling of milled cereal requirements for requirements for low
products, pasta, bakery products and honey starch macaroni for
confectionery products, and doughs special dietary uses
intended for the final consumer.
JAPAN: revisions to
the "Labelling
Standard for Liquors
Made from Organic
Agricultural Products
and Others"
COLOMBIA:
Technical
Regulation FOR
foods
containing CHINA: technical and
trans and/or labelling requirements
saturated fats" for distilled spirits and
their integrated alcoholic
CHILE: optimize beverages
the Nutritional SOUTH AFRICA: INDONESIA:
Labelling of Regulations relating to Guidelines for The
Food; the use of Sweeteners Inclusion of Nutrition
in Foodstuffs and Facts on Food Label
related matters 24 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
25. Different FLRs: the trans fatty acids case
Trans fatty acids are substances posing growing health concerns as they increase risk of
coronary heart disease.
Several countries and regions in North America, South America, and Asia have
established mandatory transfatty acid labelling as one of the nutrients in the
nutrition labelling regulations.
Some other National Authority addressed specific guidelines as regards daily
intake or national labelling scheme to be adopted on a voluntary basis (Japan)
Developing labelling systems of transfatty acids is a top priority in several countries.
25 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
26. Nutrition Declaration and trans fatty acids: strong
CANADA
As of December eterogenity SOUTH KOREA
2005, nutrition As of 2006, JAPAN
SWITZERLAND UE
labelling including nutrition labelling is Nutrition labelling is
As of April 2008, Up to 13 December
transfatty acids is mandatory. voluntary
transfatty acids in 2016 Nutrition
mandatory. As of December
oils and fats must labelling is not
mandatory 2007, transfatty
not exceed 2% of acid labelling is TAIWAN
oil or fat. mandatory. As of 2002,
nutrition labelling is
US mandatory.
As of 1994, nutrition As of
labelling is January2008,
mandatory. transfatty acid
As of January 2006, CUBA labelling is
trans fatty acid nutrition
mandatory.
labelling is labelling
mandatory. mandatory ISRAEL HONG KONG
Transfatty acid nutrition As of July 2010,
labelling is labelling nutrition labelling
PARAGUAY voluntary mandatory, including transfatty
As of August 2006, BRAZIL Transfatty acid acids is mandatory.
nutrition labelling As of 2001, labelling is
including transfatty nutrition voluntary MALAYSIA CHINA
acids is mandatory. labelling is
nutrition nutrition labelling
mandatory.
CHILE labelling mandatory, Transfatty
As of August
As of November 2006, mandatory, acid labelling is
2006,transfatty INDIA
nutrition labelling Transfatty acid mandatory on January
acid labelling nutrition
including transfatty labelling is 1, 2013
is mandatory. labelling
acids is mandatory voluntary
URUGUAY mandatory,
ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA NEW ZELAND
As of August 2006, Transfatty acid
As of August 2006, nutrition labelling nutrition labelling
nutrition labelling labelling is
nutrition labelling mandatory, Transfatty mandatory, Transfatty
including transfatty voluntary
including transfatty acids acid labelling is acid labelling is
acids is mandatory voluntary voluntary
is mandatory
Based upon Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency, Regulatory trends of Nutrition labelling and transfatty Avv. Daniele Pisanello
26
acid labelling October, 2010, up-to-dated by D.Pisanello
27. Trans Fatty Acids in European Countries
AUSTRIA (2009)
Regulation of the Federal
DENMARK (2002) Minister of Health on the trans
Order on the content of fatty acid content of foodstuffs
trans fatty acids in oils and (Trans Fatty Acids Regulation)
fats etc. (Bekendtgørelse
om indhold af The Regulation applies to fats
transfedtsyrer i olier og and oils as well as other
fedtstoffer m.v.) foodstuffs containing fats and
oils either as an ingredient or as
Order applies to oils and a consequence of their
fats, including emulsions production process. BUT it does
with fat as the continuous not apply to trans fatty acids
phase which, either alone which occur naturally in fats of
or as part of processed animal origin.
foodstuffs, are intended, or It is prohibited to produce or
are likely, to be consumed market foodstuffs with a trans
by humans. fatty acid content exceeding 2g
BUT it does not apply to per 100g of total fat content.
trans fatty acids which
occur naturally in fats of
animal origin.
It is prohibited to sell the
oils and fats to consumers
if they contain the trans
fatty acids higher than 1
gram per 100 grams of oil
or fat, cf. 27 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
28. 3 A compliance-oriented approach
28 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
29. Compliance with Law is the result of a process
Consistency with Food Law requires a process to be designed, enforced and
implemented
• So long as we have to deal with a process, the binding requirements
addressed can be explained by a process flow chart
1. Defining the Targets
2. Cost-Benefit Assessment
3. Setting Guidelines
4. Actions and Monitoring
29 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
30. Defining the targets
Defining the framework (actors, requirements, trends …)
Policy makers Legal Framework
Customs and
Executive bodies
Official control on
Regulatory Authorities imports
Trade
Inspections Authorities
Certification issuing Bodies Public Affairs &
communication
Importers
Agents
Clients
Consumer
Embassy & Media
30 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
31. Defining Requirements
Defining critical points
Does the product comply with all
Safety requirements?
Does the product comply with
YES NO
Food Labelling requirements?
Actions in order
to reduce trade
Does the product comply with contract’s requirements? barriers risks
YES NO
Continual Improvement Quality management
Fair and less risky trading
31 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
32. Safety requirements: a not exhaustive list of
Safety Requirements
(not exhaustive lists of)
FOOD HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS
Product origins from approved Countries and Establishments
Hygiene Related Obligations GMP, HACCP, other safety procedures
FOOD SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Maximum Residue Level for certain substances
Additives, flavours, enzymes
Materials and articles in contact with food
Permitted substances
Ad hoc authorization / approval
TRACEABILITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Traceability
Risk Management tools 32 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
33. Consumer’s protection related concerns: a not exhaustive list
Labelling
(labelling, presentation &
advertising)
MANDATORY LABELLING OF
PREPACKAGED FOODS
GENERAL
ADDITIONAL MANDATORY
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
OPTIONAL LABELLING
PRESENTATION OF
MANDATORY REQUIR.
PRODUCT LAW
33 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
34. Consumer’s protection related concerns: a not exhaustive list
Labelling The name of the food
(labelling, presentation &
advertising) List of ingredients
MANDATORY LABELLING OF Processing aids and
PREPACKAGED FOODS carry-over of food
additives
GENERAL
ADDITIONAL MANDATORY Net contents and
LABELING REQUIREMENTS drained weight
OPTIONAL LABELLING Name and address
PRESENTATION OF Country of origin
MANDATORY REQUIR.
Lot identification
Date marking and
PRODUCT LAW
storage instructions
Instructions for use
Nutrition Facts
34 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
35. Consumer’s protection related concerns: a not exhaustive list
Labelling
(labelling, presentation & Quantitative ingredients
declaration
advertising)
Irradiated foods
MANDATORY LABELLING OF
PREPACKAGED FOODS Warning on specific
aspect
GENERAL
ADDITIONAL MANDATORY
LABELING REQUIREMENTS Allergen related warnings
OPTIONAL LABELLING Warning on the
presence/absence of
PRESENTATION OF some substances
MANDATORY REQUIR.
High in caffeine content
Declaration that it is completely free of
pork products or their derivatives
Pregnant women and other categories of
vulnerable consumers
Avv. Daniele Pisanello
36. Consumer’s protection related concerns: a not exhaustive list
Labelling
(labelling, presentation &
advertising)
MANDATORY LABELLING OF
PREPACKAGED FOODS
GENERAL
ADDITIONAL MANDATORY Nutrition Claims
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
Health Claims
OPTIONAL LABELLING
Organic Product
PRESENTATION OF
MANDATORY REQUIR. Other process-related
claims
Environmental related claim
Social responsibility
36 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
37. Consumer’s protection related concerns: a not exhaustive list
Labelling
(labelling, presentation &
advertising)
MANDATORY LABELLING OF
PREPACKAGED FOODS
GENERAL
ADDITIONAL MANDATORY
LABELING REQUIREMENTS
OPTIONAL LABELLING Minimum fonts’ size
PRESENTATION OF Languages
MANDATORY REQUIR. Mislabelling
Displaying mandatory
requirements
37 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
38. Setting Guidelines
What is the appropriate procedure to manage the process ?
The FIVE LATIN Q rule: Usually, it is up to importers
to guarantee products’ legal
QUI consistency with Importing
WHO must guarantee the country’s laws. This
compliance with FLRs obligation may be transfered
to manufacture by contract
QUID
Compliance with WHAT (laws &
contracts)
Manufacture's obligation
QUOMODO must be defined as regards
How, by which means, advices, legal requirements the
resources product must be consistent
with. They may depends on
QUONIAM product’s end use, intended
Timing use and other elements
QUIA which should be drafted in
the Contract
Main goals to reach
38 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
39. Setting Guidelines
What is the appropriate procedure to manage the process ?
The FIVE LATIN Q rule: Compliance with applicable
requirements should be
QUI assessed: due to changes in
WHO must guarantee the FLRs and taking into
complaince with FLRs account several legal
QUID implications, a (well-done)
Compliance with WHAT (laws & legal advice is highly
contracts) recommended
QUOMODO
How, by which means, advices,
resources
QUONIAM
Timing
QUIA
Main goals to reach
39 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
40. Setting Guidelines
What is the appropriate procedure to manage the process ?
The FIVE LATIN Q rule:
Generally speaking, food
QUI imports must be consistent with
WHO must guarantee the applicable legal requirements at
complaince with FLRs the time of Custom clearance, but
this is not a uniform rule:
QUID China’s current regulation
Compliance with WHAT (laws & requires the imports to comply
contracts) with GB7718 – “2004 General
Rules of Prepackaged Food
QUOMODO Labeling”) and other more
How, by which means, advices, specific legal act at the time of
resources cargo’s arrival.
Japan: under Japanese Law,
QUONIAM Labeling is required at the
Timing point of sales from importer to
other businesses in the
QUIA domestic market.
Main goals to reach
40 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
41. 4 Enforcing guidelines - Country reports
41 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
43. China – defining the targets
On May 13 2011, China's Ministry of Health published on its web site National Food
Safety Standard on General Rules for the Labeling of Prepackaged Foods to be
adopted on April 20, 2012.
These Rules prescribe the basic requirements for the labeling of pre-packaged
foods.
They apply to the labeling of all pre-packaged foods
• directly or
• indirectly
offered to consumers.
43 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
44. China – defining the actors (public affairs)
The Competent Authority in the field of export control is the General Administration
of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ)
AQSIQ is a ministerial-level department under the State Council of the People's
Republic of China that is in charge of national quality, metrology, entry-exit
commodity inspection, entry-exit health quarantine, entry-exit animal and plant
quarantine, import-export food safety and accreditation, standardization, as
well as administrative law enforcement.
AQSIQ directly administers provincial Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine
Bureaus and Bureaus of Quality and Technical Supervision.
44 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
45. CHINA – Basic requirements
Applicable requirements depends on direct or indirect destination to the consumer;
Where food is intended to final consumer, basic legal requirements are as
below:
• Label must be clear, prominent, indelible and readily legible by customers
in purchase.
• easily understood by the public, precise and supported by scientific
evidence. Any indications, which are superstitious, pornographic, debasing
other products, or unscientific, shall be prohibited.
• true and accurate, and shall not be described or presented in a manner
that is false, misleading or deceptive; or is likely to create an erroneous
impression by means of different word size or color contrast.
• It is prohibited to use words, pictorial or other devices which refer to or
are suggestive either directly or indirectly, of any other product with
which such food or its certain property might be confused.
• It is forbidden to declare or imply contents with effect of prevention and
curing of diseases, and non-health care
45 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
46. CHINA – Language and fonts requirements
Language requirements
Language: label must be in normal Chinese characters (except registered
trademark).
Languages of minority ethnic groups may also be used at the same time, but
the size of words shall not be larger than the corresponding Chinese
characters.
Foreign languages are also allowed in addition to Chinese characters provided
that they are not larger than the corresponding Chinese characters (except for
registered trademarks).
Fonts requirements
If surfaces area of a package (container) of prepackaged food is more than 35
cm2: the minimum size of the words, symbols and numerals in the mandatory
labeling information shall not be less than 1.8 mm in height
• Note: Reg. EU no 1169/2011 will requires1,2 mm;
46 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
47. CHINA: labelling particulars
Labeling of prepackaged food for direct delivery to consumers shall include
name of foods, *
list of ingredients,
net weight and configuration, *
name of the food,
address and contact information of manufacturers and/or distributors,
date of manufacture and date of minimum durability,
conditions for the storage, *
food production license number,
code of the product standard and
Nutrition declaration (as from January 2013)
other contents needed to be labeled.
47 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
48. The new mandatory nutrition declaration in China
The mandatory labelling contents are energy and core nutrients: protein, fat, carbohydrate and
Sodium
Nutrition information contains the name, content and NRV (%) of each nutritional component.
The presentation order of the names of nutritional components is shown below. When any one
of the nutritional components is lacking, the next one simply moves upwards.
Energy
Protein
Fat
• -- Saturated fat (fatty acid)
• -- Monounsaturated fat (fatty acid)
• -- Polyunsaturated fat (fatty acid)
• -- Trans fat (fatty acid)
Cholesterol
Carbohydrate
• -- Sugar (lactose a)
Dietary fibre (or monomer component b)
• -- Soluble dietary fibre
• -- Insoluble dietary fibre
Sodium
48 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
49. The name of the food
The name of the food must indicate the true nature of food and it must be borne in the
prominent place of the label
Where a name or several names have been established in respect of a certain food
under a national, trade, or local standard, one of these names or an equivalent
name shall be selected for use.
In the absence of any such name, either a common or usual name which is not
misleading or confusing to the consumer shall be used.
A coined, fanciful, transliterated, brand name, folk name or trade mark may be also
used provided it in the same display panel one of the trade names as ruled by Law
(previous points)
Particular in regard to the true nature, physical condition of the food, or method of
preparation of the food are mandatory, as necessary to avoid misleading or
confusing the consumer; for example
• dried,
• concentrated,
• reconstituted,
• smoked,
• fried,
• powdery,
• granular 49 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
50. List of ingredients
The list of ingredients must declare all ingredients in descending order of their
weights added in the process of manufacture or preparation of the food;
those ingredients constituting less than 2% of the food may not be listed in
descending order;
Ingredients other than additives must be named according to rules on “name
of foods”
• Special rules apply to listing of additives.
Compound ingredient: where an ingredient is itself the product of two or more
ingredients (except compound food additives), such a compound ingredient
may be declared, as such, in the list of ingredients, provided that it is
immediately accompanied by a list, in brackets, of its primary ingredients in
descending order of proportion.
• Where a compound ingredient (for which a name has been established in
a national, trade or provincial standard) constitutes less than 25% of the
food, its primary ingredients need not be declared.
The processing aids need not be indicated.
50 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
51. Food Additives
On May 13, 2011, the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (MOH)
published a new food additive standard, entitled "Food Safety National Standards -
Standards for Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2011)," which became effective on
June 20, 2011, and replaces GB 2760-2007 ("Hygienic Standards for Use of Food
Additives").
GB 2760-2011 provides for the use of
• food additives,
• processing aids,
• flavors, and
• gum bases
in foods which are categorized into 16 groups.
A significant change is that the new Standard details both the applicable
principles and requirements for the use of processing aids and flavors in food.
GB 2760-2011 has also removed those food additives and processing aids that
are either no longer in use, or have been deemed not "technically necessary"
(e.g., benzoyl peroxide, calcium peroxide, formaldehyde, etc.).
51 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
52. Scope of Use and Level of Use of Food Additives
The new GB 2760-2011 has incorporated expanded uses and use levels for certain
food additives.
For instance, changes to the scope of use and level of use have been added to
over 40 food additives listed at Table A.1.
• For example, food additive tea polyphenol (TP) now has additional 8 types
of food added to its scope of use, including Cooked Nuts and Seeds
(limited to fried nuts and seeds), Oil Fried Flour Product, and etc.
Moreover, the use requirements of certain food additives are also revised,
including changes in the maximum level of use and/or additional use
requirements.
• "sorbic acid, potassium sorbate" (maximum level increased in egg
products)
• "erythrosine, erythrosine aluminum lake“: new calculation reference,
stating that "calculation is to be based on the amount of erythosine"。
。
52 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
53. Labelling food additives
The names of food additives shall be declared in general names in accordance with GB 2760.
Two form to food additive declaration:
Declare the specific names of all food additives in descending order of proportion;
example:
• Ingredient: water, whole milk powder, pouring cream, vegetable oil, chocolate
(cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa fat, lecithin, PGPR, food flavor and lemon yellow),
glucose syrup, propylene glycol ester of fatty acid, carrageenan, guar gum, annatto,
malto dextrin and food aroma;
Declare the class names and international code of all food additives in descending order
of proportion; example
• Ingredient: water, whole milk powder, pouring cream, vegetable oil, chocolate
(cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa fat, emulsifier (322,476),food flavor, colorant (102)),
,
glucose syrup, emulsifier (477), thickener (407,412), colorant (160b) malto dextrin
and food aroma.
Declare the class names and specific names of all food additives in descending order of
proportion
• Ingredient: water, whole milk powder, pouring cream, vegetable oil, chocolate
(cocoa mass, sugar, cocoa fat, emulsifier (ecithin, PGPR),food flavor, colorant
,
(lemon yellow)), glucose syrup, emulsifier (propylene glycol ester of fatty acid),
thickener (407,412), colorant (carrageenan and guar gum), colorant(annatto), malto
dextrin and food aroma.
53 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
54. Quantitative labeling of the ingredients
Quantitative labeling of the ingredients
Where the labeling of a food places special emphasis on the presence of or
adding one or more valuable and/or characterizing ingredients or components,
the percentage of the emphasized ingredients added at the time of
manufacture or the content of the emphasized components shall be declared.
Where the labeling of a food places special emphasis on the low content of
one or more ingredients or components, the percentage of the emphasized
ingredient or component in the final product shall be declared.
A reference in the name of a food to a particular ingredient or component
shall not of itself constitute the placing of special emphasis.
54 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
55. Net Weight and Configuration
Net Weight and Configuration
The net weight declaration shall be expressed using net weight, numerals and
the official unit of measurement. (Refer to appendix C for declared form)
The minimum font size of net weight declaration are set by the following table
55 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
56. Japanese FLRs: an introduction
Recently some specific administrative functions have been transferred from Ministry of
Health, Labor and Welfare to the Consumer Affairs Agency.
In September 2009, the new Consumer Affairs Agency issued
the “Guidance for Food Labeling based on Ordinance for Enforcement of the
Food Sanitation Act” and
the paper “On Labeling of Milk and Milk Products based on Ministerial
Ordinance on Milk and Milk products Concerning Compositional Standards,
etc.” (“On New Labeling based on the Food Sanitation Act,” CAA Notification
Label No. 8, September 17, 2009).
56 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
57. Japanese FLR: basic requirements
Main legal requirements are address by the Food Sanitation Act and Ordinance for
Enforcement of the Food Sanitation Act (Labeling).
Specific requirements are provided for
• Milk and Milk Products
• mineral water,
• tinned foods,
• frozen foods,
• raw fish,
• irradiated foods,
• oysters,
• allergy-related products,
• GM foods, and
• Food for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) / Food with Nutrient Function
Claims (FNFC)
57 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
58. Mandatory particulars for consumer direct selling of containers or packages of
processed foods other than those for institutional use:
(1) Name;
(2) Names of ingredients;
(3) Net contents;
(4) Best before;
(5) Storage instruction; and
(6) Name or trade name and address of manufacturer, etc.
It is to be noted that foods other than imports must bear the place of origins of
ingredients.
Imported foods must only indicated the country of origin on the labels
Those foods whose total surface of the container or package is no more than 30cm2
are exempted from the obligation to indicate: names of ingredients; best before or
use-by date; storage instructions, and place of origin of ingredient
58 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
59. Name of food
The name must be labeled with a generic name expressing the product content.
Some foods are regulated by regulatory acts
59 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
63. Listing ingredients
Names of ingredients (other than food additives) must be labeled with the most
generic names in the descending order by weight.
Compound ingredients: Labeling of ingredients made from no less than two
ingredients (hereafter must follow as provided below:
i) The name of the mentioned compound ingredient followed by its
component ingredients with the most generic names in parentheses in the
descending order by weight in the mentioned compound ingredient.
• Where the compound ingredient consists of no less than three ingredients,
the ingredients consisting less than 5% by the total weight of the
mentioned compound ingredient may be labeled as “others”.
ii) The names of ingredients of the mentioned compound ingredient may be
omitted, if the weight of the compound ingredient in the total ingredients of
the product is less than 5% or the names of ingredients are easily identified
from the name of the compound ingredient.
Specific provision for naming of some ingredients: see table
63 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
65. Warning on allergens
Accordingly to Japanese FLRs, criteria for the labeling of food or food additives made
from specified raw materials are as follows:
(1) Labeling of foods made from “specified raw materials”: seven kinds of
food/ingredients which have been designated to have links to food allergies in
reference to the incidence and the severity of allergic reactions caused
thereby:
• prawn, crab, wheat, buckwheat, eggs, milk, and peanuts;
A processed food containing any specified raw material shall carry a label
stating that it contains them.
• Foods, which contain additives derived from specified raw materials, shall
carry a label, indicating that they contain these additives and that these
additives are derived from specified raw materials.
(2) Labeling of foods made from materials similar to specified raw materials :
abalone, cuttlefish, salted salmon roe, oranges, kiwi fruit, beef, walnuts,
salmon, mackerel, soybeans, chicken, banana, pork, matsutake mushroom,
peaches, yams, apples and gelatin have also been found through experience
and scientific studies to contain allergic substances.
• It is recommended that processed foods, which contain these foods as raw
materials, should indicate on their label that such foods are contained
65 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
therein as raw materials as far as possible.
66. Nutrition labelling
Nutrition labelling is voluntary in Japan.
Only Special diet food and foods for infant and babies are required to declare
their nutrient components and weight;
Nutrition information shall be provided in accordance with Nutrition Labelling
Standards under the Health Promotion Act if
• nutrient declaration,
• nutrient content claim such as
a) “X free”,
b) “X% reduced,” and/or
c) nutrient function claim
is made on the label of foods offered for sale
66 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
67. Importing into the United States - A Guide for Commercial
Importers (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)
67 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
68. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Agricultural Commodities as Cheese, Milk, and Dairy Products.
• Cheese and cheese products are subject to requirements of the Food and
Drug Administration and the Department of Agriculture (USDA). Most
importations of cheese require an import license and are subject to quotas
administered by the Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural
Service.
• The importation of milk and cream is subject to requirements of the Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act and the Import Milk Act. These products may be
imported only by holders of permits from Food and Drug Administration,
Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of
Agriculture.
68 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
69. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Fruits, Vegetables, and Nuts. Certain agricultural commodities, including Fresh
tomatoes, Oranges, Grapefruit, Irish potatoes, Cucumbers, Eggplants, Dry
onions, Avocados, Mangoes, Limes, Processed dates, Prunes, Walnuts and
filberts Raisins, Olives in tins, Green peppers, must meet United States import
requirements relating to grade, size, quality, and maturity
• These commodities are inspected; an inspection certificate must be issued
by USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service to indicate import
compliance.
69 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
70. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Livestock and Animals.
• Inspection and quarantine requirements of the Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) must be met for the importation of ruminants,
Swine, Horses, avian species, animal by-products (untanned hides, wool,
hair, bones, bone, meal, blood meal, animal casings, glands, organs,
extracts, or secretions of ruminants and swine (if animal by-products for
food, drugs, or cosmetics, they are also regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration), Animal germ-plasm, including embryos and semen; and
Hay and straw.
• A permit for importation must be obtained from APHIS before shipping
from the country of origin.
• In addition, a veterinary health certificate must accompany all animal
imports.
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71. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection (CBP) and
other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug Administration should
be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other instances Department of Agriculture
may be involved.
Meat, Poultry and Egg Products.
• Country of origin must be listed as authorized exporting country
• All commercial shipments of meat and meat food products (derived from cattle,
sheep, swine, goats, and horses) are subject to USDA regulations and must be
inspected by the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Special procedures for
Meat products from other sources (including, but not limited to wild game).
• Inspection certificates from the country of origin must accompany all imported
meat, poultry, and egg products. These certificates must indicate the:
• Product name,
• Establishment number,
• Country of origin,
• Name and address of the manufacturer or distributor,
• Quantity and weight of contents,
• List of ingredients,
• Species of animals from which the product was derived,
71 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
• Identification marks.
72. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, And Medical Devices
• The importation into the United States of food, drugs, devices, and
cosmetics is governed by provisions of
a) The Public Health Security and Bio-Terrorism Preparedness and
Response Act of 2002, or BTA; and
b) the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;
72 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
73. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, And Medical Devices
• BTA applies to all food imported or offered for import into the US, both for human
and animal consumption, is subject to the requirements of this Act.
• The BTA’s key elements require that manufacturers and shippers register the
facilities from which they export food and food products to the U.S. with the
Food and Drug Administration.
• Manufacturers and shippers must also provide the FDA with prior notification
(PN) for any food shipment covered by BTA regulations. Failure to provide the
PN will result in refusal of the food importation, which could cause the
shipment to be:
• Held at the port of arrival,
• Moved to secured storage pending compliance with PN requirements,
• Exported, or
• Destroyed.
73 Avv. Daniele Pisanello
74. Import procedure to US: some food-related focus
Importing food to US requires the importers to contact Customs Border’s Protection
(CBP) and other agencies when questions arise about particular commodities.
For example, questions about products regulated by the Food and Drug
Administration should be forwarded to the nearest FDA district office; in other
instances Department of Agriculture may be involved.
Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, And Medical Devices
• As ruled by provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, it is
prohibited any importation of articles that are adulterated or misbranded
and products that are defective, unsafe, filthy, or produced under
unsanitary conditions.
• The term misbranded includes statements, designs, or pictures in
labeling that are false or misleading or that fail to provide the
information required in labeling.
• Imported products regulated by the FDA are subject to inspection at the
time of entry.
• Shipments inconsistent are subject to refusal; these shipments must be
brought into compliance, destroyed, or re-exported.
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75. Thank you for your attention
www.lexalimentaria.eu
Sedi
Taviano (Lecce), via Principe Umberto 2, Bologna, via D’Azeglio 27
tel./fax: (+39) 0833 91 47 27 40123 Bologna (BO), Italy
cell.: (+39) 349 58 49 718 Tel.: +39 0516486188
email: info@lexalimentaria.eu email: info@lexalimentaria.eu
75 Avv. Daniele Pisanello