This document discusses Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures, which are regulations that countries implement to protect human, animal, and plant health from diseases, pests, and contaminants. SPS measures are important for international trade as countries import agricultural products to meet domestic needs. They can include requiring imports to come from pest- and disease-free areas, inspections, treatments, maximum residue limits, and restrictions on additives. The SPS Agreement governs how countries establish and apply SPS measures to international trade in a science-based manner.