Hirsutism _ excesive terminal hair growth in the women on a male pattern distribution-face, body(sexual hear,androgendependent)-common in PCOS
Hypertricosis_ can involve of vellus, lanugo, nonpigmanted hair and terminal hear occupying the entire body surface including the face ( androgen independent disorder)- congenital, caused by drugs, hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa
Virilization _ production of androgens in women is extremely high (presence of clitoromegaly,alopecia- balding, deepening of the voice- bariphonia, male body habitus)-usually caused by androgen producing tumors, CAH
Acne _ du to hyperceratosis and occlusion of duct of sebaceum gland plus inflammation( multifactoral, androgendependent)
Acanthosis nigricans _ skin grey- brown ,velvety appearance mainly in the neck, axillae,vulva and groin (local hyperpigmentation of skin on specific area-marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulinresistance)
AMENORRHEA
Ludmila Barbakadze
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Assistant Professor Medical Doctor at Archil Khomassuridze Institute of Reproductology ,Tbilisi , Georgia.
what is endometriosis? Theories in endometriosis, sites of endometriosis. types and clinical presentation. signs and symptoms.
Investigations :TVS, CA125
laparoscopic findings
chocolate cyst and extrapelvic endometriosis.
Classification of endometiosis
Diffential diagnosis
Management :of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases
drugs and minimally invasive surgery
surgey and preventive measures in endometiosis.
Hirsutism _ excesive terminal hair growth in the women on a male pattern distribution-face, body(sexual hear,androgendependent)-common in PCOS
Hypertricosis_ can involve of vellus, lanugo, nonpigmanted hair and terminal hear occupying the entire body surface including the face ( androgen independent disorder)- congenital, caused by drugs, hypothyroidism, anorexia nervosa
Virilization _ production of androgens in women is extremely high (presence of clitoromegaly,alopecia- balding, deepening of the voice- bariphonia, male body habitus)-usually caused by androgen producing tumors, CAH
Acne _ du to hyperceratosis and occlusion of duct of sebaceum gland plus inflammation( multifactoral, androgendependent)
Acanthosis nigricans _ skin grey- brown ,velvety appearance mainly in the neck, axillae,vulva and groin (local hyperpigmentation of skin on specific area-marker of hyperinsulinemia/insulinresistance)
AMENORRHEA
Ludmila Barbakadze
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Assistant Professor Medical Doctor at Archil Khomassuridze Institute of Reproductology ,Tbilisi , Georgia.
what is endometriosis? Theories in endometriosis, sites of endometriosis. types and clinical presentation. signs and symptoms.
Investigations :TVS, CA125
laparoscopic findings
chocolate cyst and extrapelvic endometriosis.
Classification of endometiosis
Diffential diagnosis
Management :of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases
drugs and minimally invasive surgery
surgey and preventive measures in endometiosis.
Dyspareunia & vulvodynia by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s....alka mukherjee
Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following:
• Vaginal dryness
• Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women
• Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands)
• An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches
• Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis
• Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis
• Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area
• Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases
• Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma
Symptoms
Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus.
Dyspareunia & vulvodynia by dr alka mukherjee dr apurva mukherjee nagpur m.s....alka mukherjee
Pain during or after sexual intercourse is known as dyspareunia. Although this problem can affect men, it is more common in women. Women with dyspareunia may have pain in the vagina, clitoris or labia. There are numerous causes of dyspareunia, many of which are treatable. Common causes include the following:
• Vaginal dryness
• Atrophic vaginitis, a common condition causing thinning of the vaginal lining in postmenopausal women
• Side effects of drugs such as antihistamines and tamoxifen (Nolvadex and other brands)
• An allergic reaction to clothing, spermicides or douches
• Endometriosis, an often painful condition in which tissue from the uterine lining migrates and grows abnormally inside the pelvis
• Inflammation of the area surrounding the vaginal opening, called vulvar vestibulitis
• Skin diseases, such as lichen planus and lichen sclerosus, affecting the vaginal area
• Urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, or sexually transmitted diseases
• Psychological trauma, often stemming from a past history of sexual abuse or trauma
Symptoms
Women with dyspareunia may feel superficial pain at the entrance of the vagina, or deeper pain during penetration or thrusting of the penis. Some women also may experience severe tightening of the vaginal muscles during penetration, a condition called vaginismus.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
2. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
• Primary amenorrhea : not having the menarche at the age of 16 with secondary
sexual characteristics or without secondary sexual characteristics after the age of
14
• Secondary amenorrhea : abnormal (not physiological ) cessation of menstruation
for more than 6 months
3. CLASSIFICATION
• Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism : FSH , LH , estrogen all LOW
• hypergonadotropic hypogonadism : LH , FSH high , low estrogen
• Euogonadotropic : normal sex hormones levels
4. HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
• Usually central cause that interrupt the ovarian stimulation from pituitary or hypothalamic signals
• Examples :
functional amenorrhea (anorexia nervosa , weight loss , excessive exercise ) can be both primary and secondary
congenital (Kalman's syndrome )…. Primary amenorrhea
brain tumors , infection , trauma , irradiation….. Can be both primary and secondary
Sheehan syndrome (secondary amenorrhea )
Chronic illness and endocrine disorders as hyperthyroidism and hyperprolactinemia
6. HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
Sheehan syndrome
• Causes secondary amenorrhea
• Pituitary infarction necrosis due to sever PPH
• Failure to lactate
• Loss of pubic and axillary hair
• Decreased : LH , FSH , GH , TSH
7. HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM
Hyperprolactinemia
Causes secondary amenorrhea
• Prolactin inhibits GnRH release from the hypothalamus
• Most commonly due to pituitary adenoma
• Drugs that may cause hyperprolactinemia:
1) Phenothiazines
2) Methyldopa
3) Cimetidine
4) Butyrophenones
5) Antihistamines
8. HYPERGONADOTROPIC AMENORRHEA
• The cause if usually ovarian
• Commonly Lead to primary amenorrhea
• FSH , LH are high with low estrogen
Examples :
• gonadal dysgenesis (pure gonadal dysgenesis XY and turner syndrome XO )
• Gonadal agenesis
• Sawyer syndrome
• Premature ovarian failure (menopause before the age of 40 )
9. HYPERGONADOTROPIC AMENORRHEA
Turner syndrome
The most common cause of primary amenorrhea (gonadal dysgenesis )
• Chromosomal abnormalities ( 45XO female)
• Associated with streak ovarian tissue and primary amenorrhea.
• Presentation: primary amenorrhea associated with features of
Turner’s syndrome – short stature, webbed neck, increased carrying
angle at the elbow and sexual infantilism
10. Premature ovarian failure :
• Premature ovarian failure occurs in about 1% before the age of 40
• Premature ovarian failure may be due to:
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Autoimmune disease following viral infection
galactosemia
Oophorectomy
Genetic
11. EUOGONADOTROPIC AMENORRHEA
• Levels of FSH , LH and estrogen are within normal
• Chronic anovulation and anatomical disorders
• Most common cause of secondary amenorrhea : chronic anovulation –PCOS
(after pregnancy excluded )
• Anatomical disorders as : imperforate hymen , transverse vaginal septum , MRKH
syndrome , absent vagina , absent cervix , cervical stenosis and asherman
syndrome , hysterectomy , endometrial ablation
12. EUOGONADOTROPIC AMENORRHEA
Asherman syndrome :
Intrauterine synechia (adhesions due to infections as endometritis , chorioamnionitis ,
excessive curettage
Diagnosed by history of primary amenorrhea with the above risk factors and
HYSTEROSCOPY
HSG and failure of sounding may suggest the diagnsosis
Treated by hysteroscopic hemolysis
13.
14. MULLERIAN AGENESIS
Uterine agenesis –dysgenesis
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
Normal female karyotype (xx) and phenotype (normal breast and normal pubic hair )
Normal hormone levels
Absent or rudimentary uterus
Absent or short vagina (vaginal dimple )
Diagnosed by MRI and laparoscopy
Treated by vaginal dilatation or vaginal construction surgery
16. AMENORRHEA WITH HIGH ANDROGEN LEVEL
• Androgen secreting ovarian or adrenal tumors
(Sertoli Leydig cell ovarian tumor and congenital adrenal hyperplasia )
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome
17. ANDROGEN INSENSITIVITY SYNDROME
• Was called testicular feminization or XY female (obsolete terms )
• A syndrome found in patient with X, Y chromosome but resistant to androgens (androgen
insensitivity.
• Has male karyotype (45XY) with female appearance (phenotype)
• Normal estrogen level (peripheral conversion )
• Androgen level of male
Presentation:
• Female appearance with normal breast development and external genitalia.
• Primary amenorrhea , absent uterus Gonad – testes
• Removal of tastes usually after puberty due to risk of testicular cancer
• Raised as female