L10 Patient Dose
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This document discusses patient dose assessment in diagnostic and interventional radiology. It covers parameters that influence patient exposure like tube voltage and current. It also discusses different dosimetry methods like measuring entrance surface dose, dose area product, and computed tomography dose index. Finally, it addresses instrument calibration and how to accurately measure dose indicators through techniques like thermoluminescent dosimetry.
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Thesis / Doctoral Project / Dissertation Proposal
Student Information:
Student GUID Number:
833168318
Student Name: (As it appears on your transcript)
Abdullatif Abdullah
Address:
1850 Columbia Pike Apt 406, Arlington, Virginia, 22204
E-Mail Address:
[email protected]
Phone Number:
571-340-6065
Degree:
Masters in Health Physics
Expected Graduation Month/Year
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Dept./Major:
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I. Title:
Estimation of Peak Skin Dose and Its Relation to the Size Specific Dose Estimate
II. Problem or Hypothesis:
The CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) was originally designed as an index of dose associated with various CT diagnostic procedures not as a direct dosimetry method for individual patient dose assessments. There is no current method for calculating peak skin dose (PSD) using the key metrics provided from the radiation dose structure report of a CT scanner. Every CT study is required to output the kVp and mAs that were used, the dose length product and CT dose index volume which will all be shown on the CT console, but there is no direct method to go straight to the PSD. This project will test the hypothesis that the SSDE has a sufficiently strong linear relationship with PSD to allow direct calculation of the PSD directly from the SSDE.
III. Review of Related Literature:
The highest radiation dose accruing at a single site on a patient’s skin is referred to as the peak skin dose (PSD) which is related to the Computed Tomography dose index (CTDIvol) that is displayed on the console of CT scanners. However, the CT Dose Index was originally designed as an index not as a direct dosimetry method for patient dose assessment. More recently, modifications to original CTDI concept have attempted to convert it into to patient dosimetry method, but have with mixed results in terms of accuracy. Nonetheless, CTDI-based dosimetry is the current worldwide standard for estimation of patient dose in CT. Therefore, CTDIvol is often used to enable medical physicists to compare the dose output between different CT scanners.
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- 1. RADIATION PROTECTION IN DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY L10: Patient dose assessment IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 5. Part 10: Patient dose assessment Topic 1: Parameters influencing the patient exposure IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 6. Essential parameters influencing patient exposure Tube voltage Tube current Effective filtration Exposure time Field size Kerma rate [mGy/min] [min] Kerma [ Gy] [m 2 ] Area exposure product [ Gy m 2 ] } } }
- 12. Part 10: Patient dose assessment Topic 2: Patient dosimetry methods IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 13. How to measure doses Absolute methods Relative methods Calorimetry Chemical (Fricke dosimeter) Ionometry (ionization chamber) Photography Scintillation TL Ionometry They need to know a characteristic parameter
- 17. Part 10: Patient dose assessment Topic 3: Instrument calibration IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 19. Range of use Hypothesis : the instrument reading is a known monotonic function of the measured quantity (usually linear within a specified range ) 1/F = tg Instrument Reading Measured Quantity Response at calibration Calibration Value
- 21. Correction factors for use other than under the CRC 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 1.06 1 2 3 4 HVL(mm Al) Correction Factor A. Energy correction factor
- 22. Correction factors for use other than under the CRC B. Directional correction factor
- 23. Correction factors for use other than under the CRC C. Air density correction factor (for ionization chambers) p t 0 0 , calibration values ) 273 ( ) 273 ( 0 0 t p t p K D
- 24. Accuracy and precision of a calibrated instrument (1) Curve A: Instrument both accurate and precise Curve B: Instrument accurate but not precise Curve C: Instrument precise but not accurate True value A B C Readings
- 25. Accuracy and precision of a calibrated instrument (2) Traceability Accuracy Primary standard (absolute measurement) Secondary standard Field instrument Calibration decreases Relative uncertainty associated to the dosimetric quantity Q: Where: r C is the relative uncertainty of the reading of the calibrated instrument r R is the relative uncertainty of the reading of the reading instrument Calibration r Q 2 ≥ r C 2 + r R 2
- 26. Requirements on Diagnostic dosimeters Traceability Accuracy Well defined reference X Ray spectra not available At least 10 - 30 %
- 27. Limits of error in the response of diagnostic dosimeters Parameter Range of values Reference condition Deviation (%) Radiation quality According to manufacturer 70 kV 5-8 Dose rate According to manufacturer -- 4 Direction of radiation incidence ±5° Preference direction 3 Atmospheric pressure 80-106 hPa 101.3 hPa 3 Ambient temperature 15-30° 20° C 3
- 28. Part 10: Patient dose assessment Topic 4: Dose measurements: how to measure dose indicators ESD, DAP,CTDI… IAEA Training Material on Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
- 30. Measurements of Radiation Output X Ray tube Filter Ion. chamber Lead slab Table top SDD Phantom (PEP)
- 32. Dose Area Product (DAP) Transmission ionization chamber
- 33. Dose Area Product (DAP) 0.5 m 1 m 2 m Air Kerma: Area: Area exposure product 40*10 3 Gy 2.5*10 -3 m 2 100 Gy m 2 10*10 3 Gy 10*10 -3 m 2 100 Gy m 2 2.5*10 3 Gy 40*10 -3 m 2 100 Gy m 2
- 34. Calibration of a Dose Area Product (DAP) Film cassette 10 cm 10 cm Ionization chamber
- 35. Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) 0 10 20 30 40 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TLD dose (mGy) Nominal slice width 3 mm CTDI = 41.4 CTDI= (e i d i ) En En: nominal slice width e i : TLD thickness CTDI n = mAs CTDI Normalized CTDI:
- 36. Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) Dose Nominal slice width CTDI Dose profile
- 37. TLD arrangement for CTDI measurements Axis of rotation Support jig X Ray beam Capsule Couch Gantry Gantry Capsule X Ray beam axis of rotation LiF -TLD
- 38. Measurement of entrance surface dose TLD
Editor's Notes
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