Knowledge management consists of initiatives and systems that support the storage, dissemination, assessment, application, refinement and creation of relevant knowledge, according to one definition. Another defines it as strategies and practices used in an organization to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoption of insights and experiences, including knowledge embodied in individuals or embedded in organizations. The document discusses the knowledge process chain of gathering, organizing, refining, and disseminating knowledge, as well as the history and conceptualization of knowledge management in information science.