The document discusses knowledge management systems (KMS). It defines key terms like data, information, and knowledge. It describes the benefits of KMS for businesses like increased efficiency and reduced uncertainty. It also discusses challenges of managing knowledge like knowledge hoarding. The document provides examples of how companies like Xerox have successfully implemented KMS to share solutions and expertise. It concludes that a successful KMS not only develops new knowledge but also locates, diffuses, and embodies existing knowledge to create business value.
2. “The systematic process of creating, maintaining and
nurturing an organization to make the best use of
knowledge to create business value and generate
competitive advantage”
Nancy C. Shaw
3. Knowledge Management
Fundamentals
Data: Facts, numbers or individual entities without
context or purpose.
Information: Data that has been organized into a
meaningful context (to aid decision making).
Knowledge: The human capacity (potential &
actual ability) to take effective action in varied and
uncertain situations
4. Forms of Knowledge
Concepts, methodologies
Facts, beliefs, truths & laws
Know what, Know how, Know why
Judgments, expectations and insights
Relationships, leverage points
Intuition & feelings
Meaning and sense making
5. Benefits of Good Business
Knowledge Management
The foundation of the enterprise
Increases when shared
Snowball effect when shared (innovation)
Creates value through efficiency (process
knowledge)
Reduces uncertainty/ increases time of response
(environment knowledge)
Enhances the current value of products
(customer knowledge)
6. Difficulties of Managing Corporate
Knowledge Management
Usually exists in the minds of individuals
Buried in old reports
Knowledge Hoarding
Often leaves the organization with the employee
7. Why is KMS important?
Companies can...
Sustain knowledge regarding their products
and services
Connect employees with knowledge they
otherwise wouldn't have
Encouraging innovation and ideas
Creating better business decisions
Expedite projects due to less wait time of
information
8. How can this be done?
Actively managing knowledge in a database or
repository
Creating incentives for employees for providing
and updating and using knowledge
Experts of the field providing information that will
help others better accomplish their jobs
Use of Wiki’s, Software solutions
9. Difference between Data, Information,
and Knowledge
Knowledge
Data
Information
Data
interpretation
Elaboration Learning
Interpreted symbol structures
- used to interpret data, elaborate on
information, and learn
- used withun the decision steps
Interpreted symbols and symbol
structures
- input to a decision step
- output from a decision step
Observed uninterpreted symbols
- signs, character sequences,
patterns
Aamodt A., Nygārd M. Different roles and mutual dependencies of data, information and knowledge - An AI
perspective on their integration. Data &Knowledge Engineering, 1995.
11. KMS components
From the point of view of knowledge flow
The flow of knowledge
Knowledge cryptography
Communities of knowledge workers
Knowledge repositories and libraries
12. KMS components
From the technical viewpoint
Software interface
Access and authentication tools
Collaborative intelligence tools
Application level software
Transport level software
Middleware and legacy integration software
Repositories
13. Tools for knowledge
internalization
Case base
Problem
description
Describes the problem
S
e
n
d
s
a
ttrib
u
te
s
Retrieves
matchingcases
Searches for
similar cases
Matching cases
c1
c3
c2
Deliverssimilarcases
Addsthenewcase
Selects theappropriate case
1
2
3
4
5
6
15. KM system Seven layers
architecture
Interface layer
Access and authentication layer
Collaborative intelligence and filtering
Application layer
Transport layer
Middleware and legacy integration layer
Repositories
16. Knowledge Types
Tacit knowledge
(Subjective)
Explicit knowledge
(Objective)
Knowledge of experience
(body)
Simultaneous knowledge
(here and now)
Analog knowledge (practice)
Knowledge of rationality
(mind)
Sequential knowledge (there
and then)
Digital knowledge (theory)
17. Example: KMS Software
Tacit Active Net
Helps to find people
Initiate and manage collaboration
Coordinate your activities automatically with those of other
people across the enterprise
Automatically learns about people's activities and focus,
and identifies who should be talking or working together
Makes it easy to locate and share files, find answers to
questions, or find the online conversations you should join
18. KM - Impact on businesses
According to a survey conducted by E&Y in 2012on business
intelligence, 87% of companies, whatever their industry is believe that
they are knowledge based business.
Promotes many “healthy” business activities
The recording of knowledge artefacts
Quality management of knowledge
Leveraging lessons learned from past decisions and
experiences
The sharing of best practices and the building of
consistent processes
19. KM Impact on businesses
cont’
Knowledge management involves stewards (those
accountable for knowledge)
Knowledge management eliminates the risks associated with
attrition.
knowledge management system promotes getting a good
understanding of the knowledge, information, and data needs
of employees
A knowledge management portal provides 24x7 access to
ALL recorded knowledge
20. Case Study - Xerox
Established in the 1980’s – The Document
Company
KM Incorporated into Organizational Business
Strategy (1995)
Conduced extensive research before introduction
into organization
Effectively communicated to employees the
benefits of using KM
21. Case Study - Xerox
Eureka
Goal: To share intellectual capital
Information System created to share solutions
worldwide
Benefits: Saves time, resources and money
Example: A solution developed in Toronto was used
by someone in South America. In this case the
person discovered that they did not have to replace
a $40,000 machine that they were having difficulties
with, they only had to replace a 90 cent connector.
Docushare
Web-based tool
Enabled research lab community to share progress
with other scientists working on the same project.
22. The Challenge of Knowledge
Management
Not only of how to develop new knowledge,
BUT
how to locate and acquire others’ knowledge
how to diffuse knowledge in your organisation
how to recognize knowledge interconnections
how to embody knowledge in products
how to get access to the learning experiences
of customers