The document outlines Imogene King's goal attainment theory, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between nurse and client to mutually set and achieve health goals. Key concepts include the roles of perception, communication, and the surrounding environment in nursing practice. The nursing process, consisting of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, is essential for achieving client-centered health outcomes.

1. king's theory
Jamilah saad Alqahtani
CNS,MSN,NS,RGN,BSN, OR Specialist

2. Outlines
• Introduction
• Basic assumptions
• Major concepts
• Proposition of king’s theory
• Nursing paradigms
• Theory of Goal Attainment and Nursing Process
• References
jamilah saad Alqahtani2

3. Theorist : Imogene King - born in 1923.
Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis
University in 1948
Master of science in nursing from St. Louis University
in 1957
Doctorate from Teacher’s college, Columbia
University.
Theory describes a dynamic, interpersonal
relationship in which a person grows and develops to
attain certain life goals.
Factors which affects the attainment of goal are:
roles, stress, space & time
Introduction
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4. • Nursing focus is the care of human being
• Nursing goal is the health care of individuals & groups
• Human beings: are open systems interacting constantly with
their environment.
• Basic assumption of goal attainment theory is that nurse and
client communicate information, set goal mutually and then act
to attain those goals, is also the basic assumption of nursing
process
• “Each human being perceives the world as a total person in
making transactions with individuals and things in environment”
• “Transaction represents a life situation in which perceiver &
thing perceived are encountered and in which person enters the
situation as an active participant and each is changed in the
process of these experiences”jamilah saad Alqahtani4

5. Major Concepts
personalsystem
Perception
Self
Growth &
development
Body image
Space
Time
Interpersonalsystem
Interaction
Communication
Transaction
Role
Stress
Socialsystem
Organization
Authority
Power
Status
Decision making
Interacting systems
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6. Propositions of King’s Theory
1. If perceptual interaction accuracy is present in nurse-
client interactions, transaction will occur
2. If nurse and client make transaction, goal will be attained
3. If goal are attained, satisfaction will occur
4. If transactions are made in nurse-client interactions,
growth & development will be enhanced
5. If role expectations and role performance as perceived by
nurse & client are congruent, transaction will occur
6. If role conflict is experienced by nurse or client or both,
stress in nurse-client interaction will occur
7. If nurse with special knowledge skill communicate
appropriate information to client, mutual goal setting and
goal attainment will occur
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7. Nursing Paradigms
Nursing
Environment
Health
person
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8. 1. Human being /person
•Human being or person refers to social being who are
rational and sentient.
•Person has ability to :
perceive
think
feel
choose
set goals
select means to achieve goals and
to make decision
•Human being has three fundamental needs:
 The need for the health information that is unable
at the time when it is needed and can be used
The need for care that seek to prevent illness, and
The need for care when human beings are unable to
help themselves.jamilah saad Alqahtani8

9. 2. Health
• Health involves dynamic life
experiences of a human being,
which implies continuous
adjustment to stressors in the
internal and external environment
through optimum use of one’s
resources to achieve maximum
potential for daily living.
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10. 3. Environment
• Environment is the background
for human interactions.
• It involves:
– Internal environment: transforms
energy to enable person to adjust
to continuous external
environmental changes.
– External environment: involves
formal and informal organizations.
Nurse is a part of the patient’s
environment.
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11. 4. Nursing
• Definition: “A process of action, reaction and interaction by which nurse
and client share information about their perception in nursing situation.”
and “ a process of human interactions between nurse and client whereby
each perceives the other and the situation, and through communication,
they set goals, explore means, and agree on means to achieve goals.”
• Action: is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical
action.
• Reaction: which is considered as included in the sequence of behaviors
described in action.
• In addition, king discussed:
– (a) goal
– (b) domain and
– (c) functions of professional nurse
• Goal of nurse: “To help individuals to maintain their health so they can
function in their roles.”
• Domain of nurse: “includes promoting, maintaining, and restoring health,
and caring for the sick, injured and dying.
• Function of professional nurse: “To interpret information in nursing
process to plan, implement and evaluate nursing care..
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12. Theory of Goal Attainment and
Nursing Process
Assessment Nursing
diagnosis
Planning
Implementa
tion
Evaluation
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13. Assessment
• Assessment occur during interaction.
• The nurse brings special knowledge and skills whereas
client brings knowledge of self and perception of
problems of concern, to this interaction.
• During assessment nurse collects data regarding client
(his/her growth & development, perception of self and
current health status, roles etc.)
• Perception is the base for collection and interpretation
of data.
• Communication is required to verify accuracy of
perception, for interaction and transaction.
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14. Nursing diagnosis
• The data collected by assessment are used to
make nursing diagnosis in nursing process.
• In process of attaining goal the nurse
identifies the problems, concerns and
disturbances about which person seek help.
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15. Planning
• After diagnosis, planning for interventions to
solve those problems is done.
• In goal attainment planning is represented by
setting goals and making decisions about and
being agreed on the means to achieve goals.
• This part of transaction and client’s
participation is encouraged in making decision
on the means to achieve the goals.
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16. Implementation
• In nursing process implementation involves
the actual activities to achieve the goals.
• In goal attainment it is the continuation of
transaction.
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17. Evaluation
• It involves to finding out whether goals are
achieved or not.
• In king description evaluation speaks about
attainment of goal and effectiveness of
nursing care.
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18. Nursing Process and Theory of Goal
Attainment
Nursing process method Nursing process theory
A system of oriented actions A system of oriented concepts
Assessment
Perception, communication and
interaction of nurse and client
Planning Decision making about the goals
Be agree on the means to attain the
goals
Implementation Transaction made
Evaluation Goal attained
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19. •Alligood M.R, Tomey. A.M. Nursing theory utilization and application. 2nd Ed. Mosby, Philadelphia,
2002.
•George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed. Norwalk,
Appleton & Lange.
•Wills M.Evelyn, McEwen Melanie (2002). Theoretical Basis for Nursing Philadelphia. Lippincott
Williams& wilkins.
•Meleis Ibrahim Afaf (1997) , Theoretical Nursing : Development & Progress 3rd ed.
Philadelphia, Lippincott.
•Taylor Carol,Lillis Carol (2001)The Art & Science Of Nursing Care 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott.
•Potter A Patricia, Perry G Anne (1992) Fundamentals Of Nursing –Concepts Process & Practice 3rd ed.
London Mosby Year Book.
Tomey AM, Alligood. MR. Nursing theorists and their work. (5th ed.). Mosby, Philadelphia,
2002.
References
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20. Any Questions
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