Martha Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings...simplified...with a case sc...Karen V. Duhamel
This PowerPoint is a comprehensive overview of Martha Rogers's abstract conceptual model of the Science of Unitary Human Beings, with a simplified description of her model, including a case scenario illustrating key conceptual principles.
BIOGRAPHY OF FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH, AS AN EDUCATOR AND RESEARCHER, INFLUENCED FAYE ANDELLAH IN THE DEVELOPMENT HER OWN MODEL OF
NURSING, ABDELLAH’S TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS, ASSUMPTION, CONCEPT, STEPS TO IDENTIFY THE CLIENT’S PROBLEM, 11 NURSING SKILLS, USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS AND LIMITATIONS
Martha Rogers’s Science of Unitary Human Beings...simplified...with a case sc...Karen V. Duhamel
This PowerPoint is a comprehensive overview of Martha Rogers's abstract conceptual model of the Science of Unitary Human Beings, with a simplified description of her model, including a case scenario illustrating key conceptual principles.
BIOGRAPHY OF FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH, AS AN EDUCATOR AND RESEARCHER, INFLUENCED FAYE ANDELLAH IN THE DEVELOPMENT HER OWN MODEL OF
NURSING, ABDELLAH’S TYPOLOGY OF 21 NURSING PROBLEMS, ASSUMPTION, CONCEPT, STEPS TO IDENTIFY THE CLIENT’S PROBLEM, 11 NURSING SKILLS, USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THE NURSING PROCESS AND LIMITATIONS
el presente trabajo fue elaborado por alumnos de la licenciatura en enfermeria de la universidad nacional de la patagonia san juan bosco de la ciudad de comodoro rivadavia de la provincia de chubut, a pedido de la catedra teorias y tendencias en enfermeria, dictada por la profesora teresa amaya, el mismo hace incapie en la importancia de la comunicacion entre el enfermero y el paciente.
King's theory
Historical background.
Origin of the Conceptual Model
Strategies for Knowledge Development of the system framework.
King's theory Assumptions.
World View
Unique focus of the model
Basic paradigm concepts.
The three dimensional Nursing Process based on King's Theory.
Relationship Among the four Process of nursing .
Propositions of the model.
Concepts and Components of the framework.
Influences from other scholars.
Model of transaction
I'm Sajid Malik, a dedicated healthcare professional with a comprehensive academic background, boasting degrees in Master of Science in Nursing (MSN*), Master of Public Health (MPH), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN), and a credential in Health Informatics and Patient Care (DHIPC). My professional journey has been shaped by a commitment to advancing healthcare and patient outcomes.
In my exploration of nursing theories, I find particular fascination with the Goal Attainment Theory. Originating from the renowned nursing theorist Imogene King, this theory provides a dynamic framework for understanding the nurse-patient relationship and the process of achieving health-related goals.
From the perspective of the Goal Attainment Theory, nursing is not merely a set of tasks but a collaborative endeavor between the nurse and the patient. It emphasizes the importance of setting mutual goals, effective communication, and the establishment of a therapeutic partnership. This theory recognizes the uniqueness of each patient, acknowledging their personal values, beliefs, and aspirations in the pursuit of optimal health.
Understanding the Goal Attainment Theory is crucial for nurses as it guides their practice, encouraging them to tailor care plans that align with individual patient needs. It fosters a holistic approach, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the nurse, patient, and environment in the pursuit of health objectives. As I delve into this theory, I aim to contribute to the broader conversation within the nursing community about its application and relevance in contemporary healthcare settings.
PLEASE REVIEW AND ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS. DISSERTATION TOPIC IS BE.docxstilliegeorgiana
PLEASE REVIEW AND ANSWER THE 3 QUESTIONS. DISSERTATION TOPIC IS BELOW. PLEASE ANSWER QUESTIONS IN RELATION TO THE TOPIC
Discussion 1: Frameworks
In Chapter 2, Creswell and Poth (2018) described the philosophical and interpretive frameworks, beliefs, and assumptions undergirding modern qualitative inquiry.
1. Thinking specifically about your capstone/dissertation research (topic below) which you began working toward in HED 650 (or another planned work if you are not in the higher education program), which interpretive framework most closely aligns to your planned work?
2. Do you see elements of other frameworks as well?
3. What are the implications for your work as a result of the underlying interpretive framework you have identified?
You might find Tables 2.2 and 2.3 particularly useful for this conversation.
DISSERTATION TOPIC:
The Impact of Organizational Goals on Organization Behavior
“The main focus of this research will be to combine factors from theory of action, phases and self-determination theory to develop a motivational model that will explain the relationship between organizational goals setting process that lead to organizational behavior. The research will be conducted using mixed methods research techniques.”
Kings Theory 1
King’s Conceptual System Theory
Olajumoke Omiyale
Aspen University
Author Note
N491 Concepts and Theories in Nursing
Professor Denys Goozee MSN,RN,CRRN
December 23, 2019
! 2
King’s Theory
Kings Theory of Conceptual System or Theory of Goal Attainment
In the mid-1960s, Imogene King wrote of the need for focus, organization, and use of a
nursing knowledge base (King, 1968). She proposed that knowledge for nursing resulted from
the systematic use and validation of knowledge about concepts relevant to nursing situations.
The use of knowledge in critical thinking results in decisions that are implemented in
professional nursing practice. “She developed a conceptual system which provides structure for
organizing multiple ideas into meaningful wholes” (Smith and Parker, 2015)
The Three Systems
The personal system that King speaks of refers to the individual. The concepts within the
personal system and fundamental in understanding human beings are perception, self, body
image, growth and development, time, and space (King, 1981). King (1981) viewed perception
as the most important variable because perception influences behavior.
King summarized the connections among the concepts in the following statement: “An
individual’s perceptions of self, of body image, of time and space influence the way he or she
responds to persons, objects, and events in his or her life. As individuals grow and develop
through the life span, experiences
Interpersonal systems involve individuals interacting with one another.
King refers to two individuals interacting as dyads ...
Imogene King King’s Conceptual System and Theory of GoalAttainmMalikPinckney86
Imogene King: King’s Conceptual System and Theory of Goal
Attainment and Transactional Process
King’s theory evolved from early writings about theory development. In her first book in 1971, she
synthesized scholarship from nursing and related disciplines into a theory for nursing (King, 1971). She wrote
the Theory of Goal Attainment in 1980. The most recent edition (King, 1995a) contains further refinements
and more detailed explanation of the general nursing framework and the theory.
Background of the Theorist
Imogene King graduated from St. John’s Hospital School of Nursing in St. Louis, Missouri, with a diploma in
nursing in 1945. She received a bachelor of science in nursing education from St. Louis University in 1948
and a master’s of science in nursing from the same school in 1957. In 1961, she received the doctor of
education degree from Teacher’s College, Columbia University, in New York (Sieloff & Messmer, 2014).
She held a variety of staff nursing, educational, research, and administrative roles throughout her professional
life. She worked as a research consultant for the Division of Nursing in the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare for several years before moving to Tampa, Florida, in 1980, assuming the position of professor at
the University of South Florida College of Nursing (Sieloff & Messmer, 2014). She remained active in
professional organizations for many years. When she died in 2008, her work was widely celebrated by her
colleagues (Mensik, 2008; Mitchell, 2008; Smith, Wright, & Fawcet, 2008; Stevens & Messmer, 2008).
Philosophical Underpinnings of the Theory
The von Bertalanffy General Systems Model is acknowledged to be the basis for King’s work. She stated that
the science of wholeness elucidated in that model gave her hope that the complexity of nursing could be
studied “as an organized whole” (King, 1995b, p. 23).
Major Assumptions, Concepts, and Relationships
King’s conceptual system and theory contain many concepts and multiple assumptions and relationships. A
few of the assumptions, concepts, and relationships are presented in the following sections. The scholar
wishing to use King’s model or theory is referred to the original writings as both the model and theory are
complex (Figure 8-2).
Figure 8-2 A model of nurse–patient interactions.
172
(Source: King, I. M. [1981]. A theory for nursing: Systems, concepts, process [p. 61]. Reprinted with permission of Sage Publications.)
Assumptions
The Theory of Goal Attainment lists several assumptions relating to individuals, nurse–client interactions, and
nursing. When describing individuals, the model shows that individuals (1) are social, sentient, rational,
reacting beings and (2) are controlling, purposeful, action oriented, and time oriented in their behavior (King,
1995b).
Regarding nurse–client interactions, King (1981) believed that (1) perceptions of the nurse and client
influence the interaction process; (2) goals, needs, and values of the nurse and clie ...
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. BRIEF BIOGRAPHY: Who is Imogene King?
January 30, 1923: Born in West Point,
Iowa. Youngest of the 3 children
1945: Nursing Diploma from St. John’s
Hospital School, St. Louis, Missouri
1948: BSN from St. Louis University
1957: MSN from St. Loius University
1961: EdD from Teacher’s College,
Columbia University, New York
3. 1947-1958: Med-Surg Nursing Instructor
and Asst. Director of St. John’s Hospital
School of Nursing
1966-1968: Asst. Chief, Research Grants
Branch, Division of Nursing, Washington
D.C.
1968-1972: Director, School of Nursing at
Ohio State University
1961-1966: Associate Professor at Loyola
University, Chicago
1971-1980: Professor at Loyola University,
Chicago
4. 1990: Retired with the title Professor
Emeritus after serving as Professor at
University of South Florida, College of
Nursing
Continued to speak at conferences around
the world and consulted with students who
were using and studying her theory
December 24, 1997: She died, 2 days after
suffering from stroke
5.
6. CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Imogene King’s Interacting Systems
Framework emphasizes the importance
of the interaction between nurses and
patients.
It views this interaction as an open
system which is in constant interaction
with a variety of environmental factors.
3 Systems: Personal, Interpersonal and
Social Systems
7. PERSONAL SYSTEM: perception,
self, growth and development, body image, space,
and time
Perception— a process of organizing,
interpreting, and transforming information
from sense data and memory that gives
meaning to one's experience, represents
one's image of reality, and influences one's
behavior.
Self— a composite of thoughts and feelings
that constitute a person's awareness of
individual existence, of who and what he or
she is.
8. Growth and development— cellular, molecular,
and behavioral changes in human beings that
are a function of genetic endowment,
meaningful and satisfying experiences, and an
environment conducive to helping individuals
move toward maturity.
Body image—a person's perceptions of his or
her body.
Time—the duration between the occurrence of
one event and the occurrence of another event.
Space—the physical area called territory that
exists in all directions.
Learning—gaining knowledge.
9. INTERPERSONAL SYSTEM: interaction,
communication, transaction, role, and stress
Interactions—the acts of two or more persons in
mutual presence; a sequence of verbal and
nonverbal behaviors that are goal directed.
Communication—the vehicle by which human
relations are developed and maintained;
encompasses intrapersonal, interpersonal,
verbal, and nonverbal communication.
Transaction—a process of interaction in which
human beings communicate with the
environment to achieve goals that are valued;
goal-directed human behaviors.
10. Role—a set of behaviors expected of a
person occupying a position in a social
system.
Stress—a dynamic state whereby a human
being interacts with the environment to
maintain balance for growth, development,
and performance, involving an exchange of
energy and information between the person
and the environment for regulation and
control of stressors.
Coping—a way of dealing with stress.
11. SOCIAL SYSTEM: organization, authority, power,
status, decision-making and control
Organization—composed of human beings with
prescribed roles and positions who use
resources to accomplish personal and
organizational goals.
Authority—a transactional process
characterized by active, reciprocal relations in
which members' values, backgrounds, and
perceptions play a role in defining, validating,
and accepting the authority of individuals within
an organization.
Power—the process whereby one or more
persons influence other persons in a situation.
12. Status—the position of an individual in a group
or a group in relation to other groups in an
organization.
Decision making—a dynamic and systematic
process by which goal-directed choice of
perceived alternatives is made and acted upon
by individuals or groups to answer a question
and attain a goal.
Control—being in charge.
Among the three systems, the conceptual
framework of Interpersonal system had the
greatest influence on the development of her
theory
13.
14. THEORY ASSERTIONS
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses
on the interpersonal system and the
interactions that take place between
individuals, specifically in the nurse-patient
relationship.
King developed eight propositions in her
Theory of Goal Attainment. These
propositions are the following:
15. 1. If perceptual congruence is present in
nurse-client interactions, transactions will
occur.
2. If nurse and client make transactions, goals
will be attained.
3. If goals are attained, satisfactions will occur.
4. If goals are attained, effective nursing care
will occur.
5. If transactions are made in nurse-client
interactions, growth and development will
be enhanced.
16. 6. If role expectations and role performance as
perceived by nurse and client are
congruent, transactions will occur.
7. If role conflict is experienced by nurse and
client or both, stress in nurse-client
interactions will occur.
8. If nurses with special knowledge and skills
communicate appropriate information to
clients, mutual goal setting (transactions)
and goal attainment will occur.
17.
18. Action is defined as a sequence of behaviors
involving mental and physical action.
The sequence is first mental action to
recognize the presenting conditions; then
physical action to begin activities related to
those conditions; and finally, mental action in
an effort to exert control over the situation,
combined with physical action seeking to
achieve goals.
Reaction is not specifically defined but might
be considered to be included in the sequence
of behaviors described in action.
19. Interaction is a process of perception and
communication between person and
environment and between person and
person represented by verbal and
nonverbal behaviors that are goal-directed.
Transaction is a process of interactions in
which human beings communicate with the
environment to achieve goals that are
valued; transactions are goal-directed
human behaviors.
20. METAPARADIGM: PERSON
King described a person existing in an
open system as a spiritual being and
rational thinker who makes choices,
selects alternative courses of action,
and has the ability to record their history
through their own language and
symbols, unique, holistic and have
different needs, wants and goals.
21. King’s theory of goal attainment identified
three basic health needs of man/person:
1. The need for the health information that is
unable at the time when it is needed and
can be used.
2. The need for care that seek to prevent
illness.
3. The need for care when human beings are
unable to help themselves.
22. METAPARADIGM: HEALTH
It is a dynamic state in the life cycle;
illness interferences with that process.
Health implies continuous adjustment to
stress in the internal and external
environment through optimum use of
one’s resources to achieve maximum
potential for daily living.
23. METAPARADIGM:
ENVIRONMENT
King defined Environment as the process
of balance involving internal and external
interactions inside the social system.
Reactions from the interaction between the
internal and external environment can be
biological, psychological, physical, social
or spiritual.
It has a direct exchange of information
between the internal and external.
24. METAPARADIGM: NURSING
Nursing is a process of action, reaction,
and interaction whereby nurse and client
share information about their
perceptions in the nursing situation.
The nurse and client share specific
goals, problems, and concerns and
explore means to achieve a goal.
25. In addition, King also discusses the following:
GOAL of a NURSE: To help individuals to
maintain their health so they can function in
their roles.
DOMAIN of a NURSE: Includes promoting,
maintaining, and restoring health, and caring
for the sick, injured and dying.
FUNCTIONS of a NURSE: To interpret
information in nursing process to plan,
implement and evaluate nursing care.
26. APPLICATIONS OF THE
THEORY
PRACTICE:
Professionals have used King’s theory in
different specialized area with the use of
dynamic interactive communication
between the nurse and the client as
proof.
Professionals need communication to
successfully and correctly make
decisions for their plan of care.
27. King also developed the Goal Oriented
Nursing Record (GONR) from her theory.
GONR have been useful in documenting the
outcomes of care that was performed by
nurses.
It helps nurses to easily facilitate the present
problem from careful assessment of the
client gathered through the interactive
communication process between the nurse
and the client.
Her record management facilitates proper
and correct range for the use of evaluation
system.
28. The significance of King’s Goal
Attainment Theory have been applied to
different professional practice setting
such as in nursing administration, theory-
based practice in the emergency
department , in tertiary hospitals and in
the community.
29. EDUCATION:
King’s interacting system has been used to
design the nursing curriculum in different
schools and universities and framework for
nursing education.
It provides a systematic means of viewing
the nursing profession, organizing nursing
knowledge and clarifying the nursing
discipline.
30. Based on King’s guidelines, the focus of
a Nursing curriculum must be the
dynamic nurse-client interaction.
Nursing education programs must
prepare nursing students to become
useful, productive, and relatively happy
citizens as well as professional
practitioners as they acquire knowledge,
values and skills in the practice of
nursing.
31. RESEARCH
King’s theory has been one of the
theoretical basis of some researches that
helped in formulating a system view of
application of the nursing practice.
Some researchers have formulated a
middle range theory out of King’s theory
such as patient’s satisfaction from nursing
care, clients with chronic illness and family
health.
32. Here are two of out of the many researches which
based upon King’s Goal Attainment Theory and
Interacting System:
Application of King's Theory of Dynamic
Interacting Systems to the Study of Child Abuse
and the Development of Alcohol
Use/Dependence in Adult Females
by Mckinney and Dean
Imogene King's Interacting Systems Theory:
Application to emergency and rural nursing
by Williams
33. CRITIQUE OF THE
THEORY
SIMPLICITY
King’s definitions are clear and are
conceptually derived from research literature
that existed at the time the definitions were
published.
Her theory presents ten major concepts,
making the theory complex.
However, these concepts are easily
understood and, with the exception of the
concept of self, they have been derived from
the research literature.
34. GENERALITY
King’s theory has been said to have limited
application for the nursing practice.
It was stated that the interaction between
the nurse and the client also comprises
non-verbal communication that cannot be
clearly defined and evaluated.
This has been the issue of the
communication barriers that exist between
the nurse-patient relationships.
35. King believed that critics assume that a
theory will address every person, event,
and situation, which is clearly impossible.
King addresses this critique through
concepts of other theorist that cannot also
be tested.
36. EMPIRICAL PRECISION
King gathered empirical data on the nurse-
patient interaction process that leads to goal
attainment.
King believe that, if nursing students were
taught the transactual process in the Theory
of Goal Attainment and it is used in nursing
practice, goal attainment can be measured
and the effectiveness of nursing care can be
demonstrated.
37. Multiple research studies provide
additional and ongoing research evidence
of the empirical precision of the Theory of
Goal Attainment.
As her theory has been used by different
nursing students and other allied nursing
practitioner, it is noted that her theory can
be used to measure the effectiveness of
nursing care provided to clients.
38. DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES
King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses
on all aspects of the nursing process:
assessment, planning, implementation and
evaluation.
She believed that nurses must assess to
set mutual goals, plan to provide
alternative means to achieve goals, and
evaluate to determine whether goals are
attained.
39. Healthcare professionals have used, and
continue to use, King’s conceptual
system and middle range: Theory of Goal
Attainment to implement theory-based
practice in various nursing practice in
worldwide settings.
King’s work has demonstrated over time
to be a structured framework for
curriculum development at various
educational levels.
41. SAFE & QUALITY NURSING CARE
Through constant interactions and
transactions between the patient and the
nurse, the nurse could identify health needs
and problems of the patient so that mutual
goals are attained.
Both the utilization of the King’s theory and
the GONR, nurses could provide
individualized plans of care.
Thorough assessment of the patient’s need,
nurses could prevent unnecessary actions
and mistakes in giving safe and quality
nursing care to the patients.
42. MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENT
King’s theory somehow may not be relevant or
applicable in matters of resource management.
HEALTH EDUCATION
In the Goal Attainment Model, interaction between
nurse and patient occurs, transaction is achieved
or goal is attained furthermore the theory
encourages feedback especially from the patient
in order for the nurse to determine if methods are
effective or not.
Learning is a two-way process and one of the
ways that the nurse could educate his/her patient
is through mutual interaction which could possibly
lead to goal attainment.
43. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY
King’s theory somehow may not be
relevant or applicable in matters of legal
responsibilities.
ETHICO-MORAL RESPONSIBILITY
In respecting patient’s rights, King’s
theory encourages the importance of
interaction between nurses and patients
so that there is an active participation of
patients in the decision-making phase of
the nursing care plan.
44. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
King’s theory provides enough direction
to how nurses should be able to behave
or act in the presence of patients.
Since majority of nursing activities
involve direct interaction with patients,
nurses should understand the basic
implications of the action-reaction-
interaction-transaction model of nurse-
client relationships.
45. QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
The theory emphasizes interaction
between the nurse and client with that the
nurse encourages the patients to verbalize
relevant changes and concerns regarding
his/her care.
The nurse could gather and analyze data,
implement proper actions and evaluate
care through the use of King’s theory and
possibly through GONR.
If goals are attained, patient satisfaction
occurs and quality improves.
46. RESEARCH
The theory can help set a framework for
nursing studies which can further prove
the use and advantages of the nursing
practice.
The nurse can also utilized King’s
GONR which is a method of collecting
data, identifying problems, implementing
and evaluating care that has been used
effectively in patient settings.
47. RECORDS MANAGEMENT
King developed a documentation
system, Goal-Oriented Nursing Record
(GONR) which documents the
effectiveness of nursing care.
The major elements in this record
system are: database, nursing
diagnosis, goal list, nursing orders, flow
sheets, progress notes and discharge
summary.
48. COMMUNICATION
Communication is a vital concept in the
Theory of Goal Attainment because it
emphasizes the importance of the
interaction between nurses and patients.
Through this, the nurse could establish
rapport with the patients, folks and also
colleagues in order for them to achieve their
goals in a mutual setting.
If there is no communication, there is no
interaction and it follows that transactions
can’t occur, therefore, no goals are
attained.
49. COLLABORATION AND TEAMWORK
King’s theory and the GONR are useful
in practice because nurses have the
ability to provide individualized care
plans while encouraging active
participation from the patients and
colleagues in the decision-making
phase.
Through this theory, we could achieve
good interpersonal relationship with
clients, folks and colleagues as well.
50. REFERENCES
Tomey, AM & Alligood, MR (2008) Nursing Theorists
and their Work, 6th Edition, Mosby and Philadelphia
Octaviano, E. & Balita, C. (2008) Theoretical
Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective,
Ultimate Learning Series
Bautista, J. (2009) Theoretical Foundations of
Nursing: A Beginner’s Journey into Professional
Nursing, Revised Edition
http://imogenekingtheory.blogspot.com
http://nursingtheories.weebly.com/imogene-m-
king.html
http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/goal_attain
ment_theory.html