2. Imogene King-theorist
Born in 1923 in west point, Lowa.
Completed her diploma nursing education in 1945, at St.
John's Hospital in St Louis, Missouri.
Completed her B.sc nursing from St. Louis University in
1948
Completed her M.sc nursing from St. Louis University in
1957
Completed her ph.D from Teacher’s college, Columbia
University
She has practiced as a staff nurse, nurse educator, and
nurse administrator.
She formulates her theory when she was an associated
professor of nursing at Loyola c in Chicago.
3. King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
Imogene King’s concepts focus on these methods
to help nurses in the nurse-patient relationship.
King used a “systems” approach in the
development of her dynamic interacting systems
framework and in her subsequent Goal-
Attainment Theory.
King emphasizes that both the nurse and the client
bring important knowledge and information to the
relationship and that they work together to
achieve goals.
4. King’s Conceptual Framework
1. Several basic assumptions
2. Three interacting systems
3. Several concept relevant for each
system
5. 1.BASIC ASSUMPTION
Nursing focus is the care of human being
Nursing goal is the health care of individuals &
groups
Interacting systems: personal system,
Interpersonal system, Social system
Concepts are given for each system: concept for
personal system, concept for interpersonal
system, and concept for social system.
12. King’s theory of goal attainment
Original concepts:- interaction,
perception, communication,
transaction, self role, stress, growth
and development, time and space.
In 2001, king added decision making
and omitted growth and development,
stress, time and space.
16. Human being /person
Is social being who are rational and sentient.
Person has ability to:
Perceive
Think
Feel
Choose
Set goals
Select means to achieve goals and
To make decision
17. According to King, human being has three
fundamental needs:
A
• The need for the health information that is
unable at the time when it is needed and can
be used
B
• The need for care that seek to prevent illness
C
• The need for care when human beings are
unable to help themselves
18. Health
According to King, health involves dynamic
life experiences of a human being, which
implies continuous adjustment to stressors in
the internal and external environment through
optimum use of one’s resources to achieve
maximum potential for daily living.
19. Environment
Environment is the background for human
interactions.
It involves:
(a) Internal environment: transforms energy
to enable person to adjust to continuous
external environmental changes.
(b) External environment: involves formal and
informal organizations. Nurse is a part of the
patient’s environment.
20. Nursing
Definition: “A process of action,
reaction and interaction by which nurse
and client share information about their
perception in nursing situation.” and “ a
process of human interactions between
nurse and client whereby each
perceives the other and the situation,
and through communication, they set
goals, explore means, and agree on
means to achieve goals.”
21. Propositions of King’s Theory
If nurse and client make transaction, goal
will be attained
If goal are attained, satisfaction will occur
If transactions are made in nurse-client
interactions, growth & development will
be enhanced
If role expectations and role performance
as perceived by nurse & client are
congruent, transaction will occur
22. Continue……….
If role conflict is experienced by nurse or
client or both, stress in nurse-client
interaction will occur
If perceptual interaction accuracy is
present in nurse-client interactions,
transaction will occur
If nurse with special knowledge skill
communicate appropriate information to
client, mutual goal setting and goal
attainment will occur.
23. THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT AND
NURSING PROCESS
Nursing process method Nursing process theory
A system of oriented actions
A system of oriented concepts
Assessment
Perception, communication and
interaction of nurse and client
Planning Decision making about the goals.
Be agree on the means to attain
the goals
Implementation Transaction made
Evaluation Goal attained
24. Assumption
Nurse and client communicate
information
Set goal mutually
Act to attain those goals
25. Assessment
Occur during interaction
Collects data regarding growth and
development, perception of self and current
health status
Perception is the base for collection and
interpretation of data
Communication required to verify accuracy of
perception, for interaction and transaction
26. Nursing diagnosis
Data collected are used to make nursing
diagnosis
1. Acute pain related to surgical incision
2. Risk for infection related to surgical
incision
3. Bed rest related constipation, narcotic pain
relievers and nil by mouth or soft diet
4. Deficient knowledge regarding the
treatment and home care
5. Health maintenance, ineffective
27. Planning
Planning for intervention to solve
problems
In goal attainment planning is
represented by setting goals and
making decision
31. STRENGTHS OF THEORY
Easily understood
Clear and conceptually defined from
research literature at the time when the
theory was developed.
32. King’s theory presents nine major concepts, thus making
theory complex
Kings theory has been criticized for having limited
application in areas of nursing where patients are unable
to interact competently with the nurse in case of
unconscious and psychiatric patients
King’s took learning and control as a sub-concept but
does not define it
OF THEORY
