Diagnostic studies can be either noninvasive or invasive. Noninvasive studies do not require cutting or inserting anything into the body and include x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasounds. Invasive studies require inserting devices such as for colonoscopies, upper GI endoscopies, bronchoscopies, and cystoscopies. Common imaging tests include x-rays which use radiation to create pictures of bone and tissue, MRI which uses magnets to image soft tissues, and CT scans which combine x-rays with computers to create cross-sectional images of the body.

1. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
Jamilah Saad Alqahtani
Nurse Lecturer, MSN, TOT, OR
Nurse Specialist, RGN, BSN

2. DIAGNOS
TIC
STUDIES
NONINVASIVE
•done without cutting the
body or putting something
into the body
INVASIVE
•the body is "invaded" or
entered by a needle, tube,
device, or scope.

3. X-RAY
(RADIOGRAP
HY)
Most common noninvasive
and painless imaging
procedure
Used to study internal
organ structures
Dense structures (such as
bone) will appear WHITE.
Metal and contrast media
(special dye used to
highlight areas of the body)
will also appear WHITE.
Structures containing air
will be BLACK, and muscle,
fat, and fluid will appear as
shades of GRAY.

5. MAGNETIC RESONANCE
IMAGING (MRI)
used to identify tumors, bleeding, and injury
contrast material may be used to show
abnormal tissue more clearly and visible.

7. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of structures inside of the body.
the CT scanner provides a picture of a thin slice of the organ or area being
studied.
contrast agents may be used to make the structures and organs easier to see
on the CT pictures.

9. SONOGR
APHY
Also called ultrasound, uses sound
waves to develop images of what's
going on inside the body.
determine the size, shape, and
consistency of soft tissues and
organs.
determine due dates, reveal the
presence of twins or other
multiples, and the gender (sex) of
the baby/ies.

11. COLONOSCOPY
The visualization
of the rectum and
colon (large
intestine) using a
well-lubricated
colonoscope
inserted through
the anus.
Confirms the
presence of ulcers,
inflammation,
tumors, or
bleeding.
Perform colon
preparation such
as clear liquid diet
before the test.

12. UPPER GI
ENDOSCOPY
A visual
examination of the
upper intestinal
tract.
An anesthetic
spray is applied on
the throat before
inserting
endoscope
Helps diagnose
tumors, ulcers and
bleeding.

13. BRONCHOSCOPY
A test to view the airways and
diagnose lung disease using a
bronchoscope inserted through
the mouth.
Used to remove foreign bodies
and mucus and to obtain sputum
and tissue specimens.

14. CYSTOSCOPY
A test that allows
visualization of the bladder
and urethra using a
cystoscope.
Helps to confirm cancer of
the bladder or urethra and
diagnose urinary tract
disorders and infections.
Also confirms presence of
stones.

15. THANK YOU!