Grade 7-fungi
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This document discusses fungi, which are eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that obtain nutrients through absorption. Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, reproduce through spores, and play important roles in decomposition and assisting plant nutrient absorption. Some fungi are also sources of food and medicine, such as the discovery of penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum, while others can cause infections in humans. Examples of fungi discussed include button mushrooms, yeast, truffles, and dermatophytes which cause ringworm and athlete's foot.
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Grade 7-fungi
- 1. Other Organisms Besides Plants & Animals
- 2. Eukaryotes Any organism with one or more cells that have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
- 4. FUNGI
- 5. Fungi A eukaryotic, heterotrophic organism with no chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption, and reproduces by spores.
- 7. Fungal Cells • Enclosed by a cell wall composed of chitin • No lysosomes • Has vacuoles • Very few have centrosomes
- 8. Fungi are the major decomposers.
- 10. Fungi help most plants absorb nutrients by growing on their roots.
- 11. Fungi can also be sources of medicine.
- 12. Alexander Fleming discovered the drug Penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum.
- 14. HOWEVER, some fungi can also be parasites or can cause infections (pathogens).
- 15. Fungi • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic / Saprotrophic • Cell walls mainly made of chitin • Major Decomposers • Environmentally and Medically Important • FOOD FOOD FOOD
- 17. No true roots, stems, or leaves
- 18. Some Examples of Fungi
- 19. Button mushrooms • Agaricus bisporus • Common mushroom used in cooking • Called “button mushrooms” or cremini when young, called “portobello” when mature
- 20. Button mushrooms – Agaricus bisporus
- 21. Yeast • Saccharomyces cerevisiae • Used in making beer, wine, and bread • Also used in producing “bioethanol” or clean fuel • Ingredient of Vegemite / Marmite
- 22. Yeast
- 23. Truffles • From the group of fungi called Tuber • Can be found underground near the roots of trees • Has a very pungent aroma used to flavor dishes • VERY expensive
- 24. Truffle hunter with truffle dog
- 25. Dermatophytes • A group of fungi that causes skin disease in humans • Causes whitespots, ringworm, athlete’s foot, and jock itch
Editor's Notes
- PLANTS ANIMALS PROTISTS FUNGI
- Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role inbiogeochemical cycles[139] and in many food webs. As decomposers, they play an essential role in nutrient cycling, especially assaprotrophs and symbionts, degrading organic matter to inorganic molecules, which can then re-enter anabolic metabolic pathways in plants or other organisms.[
- Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on Earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Along with bacteria, fungi are the major decomposers in most terrestrial (and some aquatic) ecosystems, and therefore play a critical role inbiogeochemical cycles[139] and in many food webs. As decomposers, they play an essential role in nutrient cycling, especially as saprotrophs and symbionts, degrading organic matter to inorganic molecules, which can then re-enter anabolic metabolic pathways in plants or other organisms.[
- Mycorrhiza – fungal and plant root association
- Plant structure
- Mycelium [pronunciation: my-see-lium] (plural: mycelia – my-see-lia) – root like structures Hyphae [pronunciation: high-fee] (singular: hypha – high-fa] – thread-like structures that make up the fungus; mycelia are sometimes called “underground hyphae Fruiting body: visible part of fungi/ found above the surface
- MULTICELLULAR/macroscopic
- There are other types of yeast – Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most common UNICELLULAR/microscopic
- Truffle farmers use dogs (truffle dogs) or pigs (truffle hogs) to search for truffles