The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
The Postulates on Russia’s Foreign Policy developed with the participation of the Russian International Affairs Council’s members and experts discuss Russia’s position in the international arena, the role of global challenges in shaping the foreign policy agenda and outline foreign policy priorities for the period from 2012 to 2018. The main purpose of the Postulates is to encourage a public discourse about new contours and orientation of Russia’s foreign policy and to devise the solutions to be protected against traditional and emerging security challenges.
This is a slide-set that I had used for a workshop conducted by the Indian School of Business on the Indo-Pacific on July 30, 2021.
It discusses the evolution of the US Indo-Pacific strategy and China's perceptions and policy responses.
One of the key questions in international relations and foreign policy is the question of how you examine state behavior. This is the level of analysis problem. Scholars see several levels of analysis through which state behavior can be examined.
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
Is Abe the Person Shaping Japan’s Foreign Policy?Bright Mhango
Japan has featured highly in the news in 2013-14 especially in its dispute with China over some uninhabited Islands. Japan’s prime minister is spearheading big changes in Japan’s domestic and foreign policy. This paper seeks to argue that Abe’s personal beliefs are being reflected in Japan’s foreign policy.
This is a slide-set that I had used for a workshop conducted by the Indian School of Business on the Indo-Pacific on July 30, 2021.
It discusses the evolution of the US Indo-Pacific strategy and China's perceptions and policy responses.
One of the key questions in international relations and foreign policy is the question of how you examine state behavior. This is the level of analysis problem. Scholars see several levels of analysis through which state behavior can be examined.
The prime objective of a state is to improve the quality of life of its citizens. For this, the state formulates a comprehensive set of interdependent policies.
Foreign policy is one such policy formulated to achieve the above objectives by utilizing the foreign relations of a country
Multiple constants & variables determine the foreign policy of a country; This presentation attempts to explain those determinants
Its word version is available on my website mentioned above. You will find many other articles and presentations there
Is Abe the Person Shaping Japan’s Foreign Policy?Bright Mhango
Japan has featured highly in the news in 2013-14 especially in its dispute with China over some uninhabited Islands. Japan’s prime minister is spearheading big changes in Japan’s domestic and foreign policy. This paper seeks to argue that Abe’s personal beliefs are being reflected in Japan’s foreign policy.
Review of International Studies (2007), 33, 3–24 Copyright B.docxmichael591
Review of International Studies (2007), 33, 3–24 Copyright � British International Studies Association
doi:10.1017/S0260210507007371
Introduction
Still critical after all these years? The past,
present and future of Critical Theory in
International Relations
NICHOLAS RENGGER AND BEN THIRKELL-WHITE*
Twenty-five years ago, theoretical reflection on International Relations (IR) was
dominated by three broad discourses. In the United States the behavioural revolution
of the 1950s and 1960s had helped to create a field that was heavily influenced by
various assumptions allegedly derived from the natural sciences. Of course, variety
existed within the behaviourist camp. Some preferred the heavily quantitative
approach that had become especially influential in the 1960s, while others were
exploring the burgeoning literature of rational and public choice, derived from the
game theoretic approaches pioneered at the RAND corporation. Perhaps the most
influential theoretical voice of the late 1970s, Kenneth Waltz, chose neither; instead he
developed his Theory of International Politics around an austere conception of parsi-
mony and systems derived from his reading in contemporary philosophy of science.1
These positivist methods were adopted not just in the United States but also in
Europe, Asia and the UK. But in Britain a second, older approach, more influenced
by history, law and by philosophy was still widely admired. The ‘classical approach’
to international theory had yet to formally emerge into the ‘English School’ but many
of its texts had been written and it was certainly a force to be reckoned with.2
* The authors would like to thank all the contributors to this special issue, including our two referees.
We would also like to thank Kate Schick for comments on drafts and broader discussion of the
subject matter.
1 Discussions of the development and character of so-called ‘positivist’ IR are something of a drug on
the market. Many of them, of course, treat IR and political science as virtually interchangeable. For
discussions of the rise of ‘positivist’ political science, see: Bernard Crick, The American Science of
Politics (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1960). Klaus Knorr and
James Rosenau (eds.), Contending Approaches to International Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1969) highlight the emergence of what might be termed ‘classical’ behaviouralist
approaches. The growing diversity of the field can be seen in K. J. Holsti, The Dividing Discipline
(London; Allen and Unwin, 1985) and the debates between positivism and its critics traced ably in
the introduction to Steve Smith, Ken Booth and Marysia Zalewski (eds.), International Theory;
Positivism, and Beyond (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996). Waltz’s move from a
traditional to a much more scientific mode of theory is found, of course, in Theory of International
Politics (Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979).
2 The exhaustive (an.
Welsh Consultants publishes- For C-SPAN's most recent Presidential Historians Survey conducted in 2017, nearly 100 historians and biographers rated 43 US presidents. The 2017 C-SPAN survey measured 10 qualities of presidential leadership: public persuasion, crisis leadership, economic management, moral authority, international relations, administrative skills, relations with Congress, vision, pursued equal justice for all, and performance within the context of his times. Historians agree: Abraham Lincoln was the best US president. Scores in each category were then averaged, and the 10 categories were given equal weighting in determining the presidents' total scores. George Washington came in at No. 2, followed by Franklin D. Roosevelt at No. 3. George H. W. Bush ranked at No. 20, beating out his son George W. Bush who came in at No. 33. Other notable commanders in chief included John F. Kennedy at No. 8, Ronald Reagan at No. 9, and Barack Obama at No. 12. Here are the top 25 presidents, according to historians surveyed by C-SPAN. Author, Founder- Manish P
Central America and the United States Overlooked Foreign.docxaryan532920
Central America and the United States: Overlooked Foreign Policy Objectives
Author(s): Thomas M. Leonard
Source: The Americas, Vol. 50, No. 1 (Jun., 1993), pp. 1-30
Published by: Cambridge University Press
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1007262
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the Americas
L(1), July 1993, 1-30
Copyright by the Academy of American
Franciscan History
CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE UNITED STATES:
OVERLOOKED FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES
Since the fall of Nicaragua's Somoza dynasty in 1979, nearly 900
books dealing with Central America have appeared. They repeat the
themes of imperialism, paternalism, and security that traditionally
have characterized studies about Central America and its relations with the
U.S. The imperialist theme is pursued by Walter LaFeber's Inevitable Rev-
olutions and Karl Berman's Under the Big Stick. They assert that the United
States economically exploited and politically controlled Central America in
general and Nicaragua in particular. A sense of moral righteousness is found
in Tom Buckley's Violent Neighbors and Richard Alan White's The Morass
while the security theme is pursued by John Findling in his Close Neighbors,
Distant Friends. Histories about Central America reinforce these themes.
For example, the Dean of the U.S. Central Americanists Ralph Lee Wood-
ward, Jr., and Costa Ricans Edelberto Torres-Rivas and Hector P6rez-
Brignoli, and Honduran Mario Argueta demonstrate that the American busi-
nessmen capitalized upon the ignorance of region's elite for their own eco-
nomic gain.' Despite their diversity, all of these volumes demonstrate that
the United States dominated the relationship and criticize it for so doing.
Walter LaFeber, Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America (New York: W.W.
Norton and Co., 1986); Karl Berman, Under the Big Stick: Nicaragua and the United States Since 1848
(Boston: South End Press, 1986); Tom Buckley, Violent Neighbors: El Salvador, Central America and
the United States (New York: Times Books, 1984); Richard Allen White, The Morass: The United States
Intervention in Central America (New York: Harper, 1984); John Findling, Close Neighbors, Distant
Friends: United States-Central American Relations (New York ...
meaning and nature of International relations.pptxAryaShobha
1.What is International relations, its emergence and establishment.
2.what is 'decree on peace of soviet union' and 14 point principles of Woodrow Wilson.
3.Establishment of First University chair.
4.Main components of this discipline.
5.How it acts as a Interdisciplinary field.
6.Father of International relations and its definition according to him.
World Order by Henry Kissinger_M.Mujeeb Riaz .pdfMujeeb Riaz
World Order by Henry Kissinger_M.Mujeeb Riaz
In World Order, Kissinger says "World Order refers to the concept held by a region or civilization about the nature of just arrangements and the distribution of power thought to be applicable to the entire world." In the book, he explains how Western ideas changed with the 1648 Peace of Westphalia treaty, unreliable source? and explains the four systems of historic world order: the Westphalian Peace born of 17th-century Europe, the central imperium philosophy of China, the religious supremacism of political Islam, and the democratic idealism of the United States. Kissinger aims to provide a window into today's struggling framework of international order.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. 1. The First Generation of Work (1954-1973)
Contributed in:
- Conceptualization
- Data collection &
- Methodological experimentation.
2. The Second Generation of work (1974-1993)
Expressly built upon those foundations.
5. • Was an American political scientist & was
one of the pioneers who contributed in the
first wave of work in this field.
.
• Graduated from Union College in 1937 and
earned his doctorate in 1945 from
Columbia University.
Richard C. Snyder
(21 Aug 1916 – 9 Dec 1997)
6. Richard C. Snyder
(21 Aug 1916 – 9 Dec 1997)
• He was the administrative secretary of war and
peace studies at the Council on Foreign
Relations.
• He taught political science at Princeton
University, was Northwestern University
political science dept. chair, served as dean and
professor of administration and political science at
University of California (1965-1970) & was the
president of the International Studies
Association (1971-72)
7. Richard C. Snyder
(21 Aug 1916 – 9 Dec 1997)
• Contributed a focus on the DECISION-
MAKING PROCESS itself as part of the
explanation, rather than just foreign policy
output.
• He is the author of many prominent books
in the field of FPA. Such as-
8. FOREIGN POLICY DECISION-MAKING
As An Approach To The Study Of International Politics
by Richard C. Snyder, H.W. Bruck, Burton Sapin
(1954)
9. The Role of the Military in American
Foreign Policy
by Burton M. Sapin & Richard C. Snyder
(1954)
12. James N. Rosenau
(Nov 25, 1924 – Sep 9, 2011)
• Was an American political scientist and international
affairs scholar. Foreign Policy magazine listed Rosenau
as among THE MOST INFLUENTIAL SCHOLARS
in the field of International Affairs.
• Obtained his Ph.D from Princeton University.
• Served as President of the International Studies
Association (1984 -1985), as director of the USC School
of International Relations (1976 -1979).
13. James N. Rosenau
(Nov 25, 1924 – Sep 9, 2011)
• From 1992, he served as University Professor of
International Affairs at the George Washington
University's Elliott School of International Affairs
until his death in 2011.
• He sought to bring a "scientific approach” to the
study of IR, , part of the "behavioral revolution"
that swept through U.S. political science in the 1950s
and 1960s.
14. James N. Rosenau
(Nov 25, 1924 – Sep 9, 2011)
• By the end of the 1970s, he became dissatisfied with
the scientific approach. This approach worked well
as long as states controlled all important transactions
inside and outside their own borders. When non-state
actors become strong enough to become players in
world politics, the assumptions underlying the
behavioral approach were challenged. Rosenau found
it necessary to leave the "scientific" approach behind
and dedicated the latter part of his career to
theorizing the increasing "turbulence" in world
politics.
15. • He focused on the dynamics of world politics and the
overlap between domestic and foreign affairs.
• An article written by him in 1964 named ‘Pre-theories
& Theories of Foreign Policy’ contributed in the
development of ACTOR-SPECIFIC THEORY that
would lead to the generalizable propositions at the
level of middle-range theory.
• He was the author of scores of articles and more than
35 books, including:
James N. Rosenau
(Nov 25, 1924 – Sep 9, 2011)
16. Turbulence in World Politics
A Theory of Change and Continuity
(Princeton University Press, 1990)
20. Harold Sprout
(1901-1980)
• Was an American political scientist and an author of
many pioneer works & theories in this field.
• Harold earned Bachelor of Arts from Oberlin College in
1924, Postgraduate degree from University of
Wisconsin Law School (1924-1925) & Doctor of
Philosophy from Western Reserve Law School.
• He was the member American Political Science
Association, American Association for the Advancement
of Science, International Studies Association, Naval
History Foundation.
21. Harold Sprout
(1901-1980)
• In their long & productive scholarly careers, Harold &
Margaret Sprout made many important contributions to
the study of IR.
• Their exploration of “ecological perspective”, stressing
the extent to which human activity is affected by the
uneven distribution of human and non-human resources,
will surely remain their most important achievement.
• They maintained a conviction that foreign policy can only
be explained with reference to the PSYCHO-MILIEU
OF THE INDIVIDUALS involved in decision making.
22. Harold Sprout
(1901-1980)
• Upon his retirement from Princeton in 1969, Harold
Sprout assigned the income from his Festschrift to the
International Studies Association for the establishment of
the Harold and Margaret Sprout Award for outstanding
scholarly achievement embodying the ecological
perspective.
• Harold Sprout was an author of many renowned books
written in collaboration with his wife Margaret Sprout,
another prominent scholar. Such as:
27. The Rise of American Naval Power, 1776-1918
Harold & Margaret Sprout
Princeton Legacy Library
1939
28. The foundation of FPA was built
by the contributions of these
four pioneers, which are
predominantly renowned as
“Three Paradigmatic Works”
29. 1. Decision Making as an
Approach to the Study of
International Politics by Richard
Snyder, Henry Bruck, and Burton
Sapin (1954). Inspired researchers
to look below the nation-state level
to the actual players involved.
30. 2. 'Pre-theories and Theories of
Foreign Policy' by James Rosenau, in
R. B. Farrell (ed.) Approaches in
Comparative and International
Politics (1966). Encouraged the
development of actor-specific theory,
by underscoring the need to integrate
information at several levels of
analysis, from individual leaders to the
international system.
31. 3. Man-Milieu Relationship
Hypotheses in the Context of
International Politics by Margaret
and Harold Sprout (1956). The
Sprouts argued that one needed to
look at the 'psycho-milieu' of the
individuals and groups making the
foreign policy decision.
33. Graham T. Allison
(born 23 March 1940)
• Is an American political scientist and professor at the
John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard.
He is renowned for his contribution in the late 1960s and
early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision
making, especially during times of crisis.
• Graduated from Harvard University in 1962 with an
A.B. degree, completed a two-year B.A. degree at
Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar in 1964, then
returned to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. degree in political
science in 1968.
34. Graham T. Allison
(born 23 March 1940)
• Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading
analyst of U.S. national security and defense
policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons
and terrorism. Allison has been heavily involved
in U.S. defense policy since working as an
advisor and consultant to the Pentagon in the
1960s.
35. Graham T. Allison
(born 23 March 1940)
• Has been a fellow of the Center for
Advanced Studies (1973–74); member of
the Council on Foreign Relations;
member of the visiting committee on
foreign policy studies at the Brookings
Institution (1972–77); and a member of
the Trilateral Commission (1974–84).
36. Graham T. Allison
(born 23 March 1940)
• In 2009 he was awarded the NAS Award for
Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of
Nuclear War from the National Academy of
Sciences. President Bill Clinton awarded Allison
the Defense Medal for Distinguished Public
Service for "reshaping relations with Russia,
Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan to reduce the
former Soviet nuclear arsenal.”
37. Graham T. Allison
(born 23 March 1940)
• Allison is best known as a political scientist for
his book Essence of Decision: Explaining the
Cuban Missile Crisis (1971), in which he
developed two new theoretical paradigms – An
Organizational Process Model and A
Bureaucratic Politics Model . Essence of
Decision swiftly revolutionized the study of
decision making in political science and beyond.