The document discusses key distribution and authentication using symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. It describes the Kerberos protocol which uses a key distribution center (KDC) to authenticate users and distribute session keys. It also discusses using public key certificates and digital signatures to solve the key distribution problem by having a certificate authority (CA) sign public keys.
X 509 Certificates How And Why In Vb.NetPuneet Arora
Learn Why and How to : X 509 Certificates
A public key certificate, usually just called a digital certificate or certs is a digitally signed document that is commonly used for authentication and secure exchange of information on open networks, such as the Internet, extranets, and intranets. A certificate securely binds a public key to the entity that holds the corresponding private key. Certificates are digitally signed by the issuing certification authority (CA) and can be issued for a user, a computer, or a service. This creates a trust relationship between two unknown entities. The CA is the Grand Pooh-bah of Validation in an organization, which everyone trusts, and in some public key environments, no certificate is considered valid unless it has been attested to by a CA. Example of a popular CA�s authority is http://www.verisign.com
X 509 Certificates How And Why In Vb.NetPuneet Arora
Learn Why and How to : X 509 Certificates
A public key certificate, usually just called a digital certificate or certs is a digitally signed document that is commonly used for authentication and secure exchange of information on open networks, such as the Internet, extranets, and intranets. A certificate securely binds a public key to the entity that holds the corresponding private key. Certificates are digitally signed by the issuing certification authority (CA) and can be issued for a user, a computer, or a service. This creates a trust relationship between two unknown entities. The CA is the Grand Pooh-bah of Validation in an organization, which everyone trusts, and in some public key environments, no certificate is considered valid unless it has been attested to by a CA. Example of a popular CA�s authority is http://www.verisign.com
SSL/TLS Introduction with Practical Examples Including Wireshark CapturesJaroslavChmurny
As some of my colleagues are solving various SSL/TLS problems for one of our customers, I have prepared the above mentioned training for them. The training is divided to three parts:
- Brief Introduction to Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- Introduction to SSL/TLS Protocols
- Practical Examples and Hints
The last part primarily consists of hands-on exercises with Wireshark, covering variety of successful and failed SSL/TLS handshakes. The hands-on exercises are based on easily configurable dummy SSL client and server implemented in Java (available at https://github.com/Jardo72/SSL-Sandbox).
It is an IETF standardization initiative whose goal is to come out with an Internet standard Version of SSL. The presentation discusses all. Happy Learning. :)
Deeper understanding of how Kerberos works . This understanding will work as platform to understand various attacks on it. It also show cases how symmetric key algorithm is used for confidentiality. Some references are from shaun harris CISSP books, primarily the components slide
SSL/TLS Introduction with Practical Examples Including Wireshark CapturesJaroslavChmurny
As some of my colleagues are solving various SSL/TLS problems for one of our customers, I have prepared the above mentioned training for them. The training is divided to three parts:
- Brief Introduction to Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- Introduction to SSL/TLS Protocols
- Practical Examples and Hints
The last part primarily consists of hands-on exercises with Wireshark, covering variety of successful and failed SSL/TLS handshakes. The hands-on exercises are based on easily configurable dummy SSL client and server implemented in Java (available at https://github.com/Jardo72/SSL-Sandbox).
It is an IETF standardization initiative whose goal is to come out with an Internet standard Version of SSL. The presentation discusses all. Happy Learning. :)
Deeper understanding of how Kerberos works . This understanding will work as platform to understand various attacks on it. It also show cases how symmetric key algorithm is used for confidentiality. Some references are from shaun harris CISSP books, primarily the components slide
Module 4: Key Management and User Authentication
X.509 certificates- Public Key infrastructure-remote user authentication principles-remote user
authentication using symmetric and asymmetric encryption-Kerberos V5
TLS/SSL - Study of Secured CommunicationsNitin Ramesh
TLS/SSL - The mechanism enabling to have secured communications between 2 points over network is more important than ever. Here we deep dive into the basics and its relevance in today's world.
Network Security: Authentication Applications, Electronic Mail Security, IP Security, Web
Security, System Security: Intruders, Malicious Software, Firewalls
Describe- in your own words- the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS co.docxearleanp
Describe, in your own words, the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS connection.
Solution
HTTPS consists of communication over HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) with an encrypted layer such as Transport Layer Security (TSL) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
The connection between Client and Server using HTTPS is established by a handshake process which has 3 main phases namely Hello, Certificate exchange and key exchange.
a) Hello-
This is the first phase where the client sends a message ClientHello which contains all the necessary information such as various cipher suites, SSL version number etc. for the server to connect to the client via SSL. Then the server responds with a ServerHello message which contains similar information for client.
b) Certificate Exchange –
Once the contact is established between the Server and the Client, the server has to prove its identity to the client using its SSL certificate. The SSL certificate contains various information such as name of the owner, the domain it is attached to, the certificate’s public key, certificate’s validity dates etc. The client then verifies the certificate whether it is a trusted certificate or it is verified and trusted by one of several Certificate Authorities (CAs) which client trusts.
c) Key Exchange –
In this phase the exchange of encryption key is happened by the client and server using a symmetric algorithm which was already agreed during the Hello phase. The client generates a random key for the symmetric algorithm. It then encrypts the key using an algorithm (which was also agreed upon during the Hello phase) and the server’s public key from the SSL certificate. Client then sends this encrypted key to the server, where it is decrypted using the server’s private key.
Once the client and server have verified each over’s identity and have secretly agreed on a key to symmetrically encrypt the data that they are about to send each other, then the HTTP requests and responses can start flowing form one party to other in the form of a plaintext message with encryption. The other party using the key decrypt is while reading.
.
Certificate pinning in android applicationsArash Ramez
How to do cryptography right in android
Part #4 / How to mitigate MITM attacks in SSL/TLS channels using server certification validation
watch it on youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLT2xIm2X7W7gZ0mtoAA8JrfFrvOKr1Qlp
Distribution of Symmetric and Asymmetric Key
Digital Signature: DSA
X.509 Certificate
Man-in-the Middle Attack
Check a digital certificate while accessing a secure website and compare its structure with X.509 standard
User/Entity Authentication
Kerberos
Authentication with Digital Certificate
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.1) Expla.pdfJUSTSTYLISH3B2MOHALI
I would appreciate help with these 4 questions. Thank You.
1) Explain what the following are: root certificates, self-signed certificates. Describe how they
are used. Provide some examples of each explaining how they are used. You should be able to
find examples of each on your system by looking through various options available on your
browser.
2) Provide a listing of the fields associated with a certificate of your choosing. Use the X509
definition to match the general fields of a certificate with the certificate you choose to look at.
Describe each field.
3) Your manager is considering implementing a PKI infrastructure. They are considering using
RSA encryption technology for the central part of their infrastructure. You manager would like
to know some products or services that utilize RSA encryption technology. Provide three
examples and explain how they make use of the RSA encryption technology. Provide a few
original sentences describing each of your examples.
4) Compare the functionality offered by the RSA and Diffie-Hellman algorithms.
Solution
A Root SSL certificate could be a certificate issued by a trusty certificate authority (CA).In the
SSL system, anyone will generate a language key and sign a replacement certificate therewith
signature. However, that certificate isn\'t thought-about valid unless it\'s been directly or
indirectly signed by a trusty CA.A trusty certificate authority is Associate in Nursing entity that
has been entitled to verify that somebody is effectively World Health Organization it declares to
be. so as for this model to figure, all the participants on the sport should agree on a group of CA
that they trust. All operational systems and most of net browsers ship with a group of trusty
CAs.The SSL system is predicated on a model of trust relationship, conjointly known as “chain
of trust”. once a tool validates a certificate, it compares the certificate establishment with the list
of trusty CAs. If a match isn\'t found, the shopper can then check to check if the certificate of the
supplying CA was issued by a trusty CA, so on till the tip of the certificate chain. the highest of
the chain, the basis certificate, should be issued by a trusty Certificate Authority.
Self-signed certificates or certificates issued by a non-public CAs aren\'t appropriate to be used
with the overall public.A certificate serves two essential purpose distribute the public key and
verifying the individuality of the server so guests know they aren’t sending their information to
the wrong person. It can only properly verify the identity of the server when it is signed by a
trusted third party because any attacker can create a self-signed certificate and launch a man-in-
the-middle attack. If a user just accept a self-signed certificate, an attacker could drop on all the
traffic or try to set up an imitation server to phish additional information out of the user. Because
of this, you will approximately on no account want to use a self signe.
Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, by Mark Ciampa
Knowledge and skills required for Network Administrators and Information Technology professionals to be aware of security vulnerabilities, to implement security measures, to analyze an existing network environment in consideration of known security threats or risks, to defend against attacks or viruses, and to ensure data privacy and integrity. Terminology and procedures for implementation and configuration of security, including access control, authorization, encryption, packet filters, firewalls, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs).
CNIT 120: Network Security
http://samsclass.info/120/120_S09.shtml#lecture
Policy: http://samsclass.info/policy_use.htm
Many thanks to Sam Bowne for allowing to publish these presentations.
Stands for "Secure Sockets Layer." SSL is a secure protocol developed for sending information securely over the Internet. Many websites use SSL for secure areas of their sites, such as user account pages and online checkout. Usually, when you are asked to "log in" on a website, the resulting page is secured by SSL.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
From Siloed Products to Connected Ecosystem: Building a Sustainable and Scala...
Key exchange in crypto
1. Authorization via symmetric crypto
Key exchange
o Using asymmetric crypto
o Using symmetric crypto with KDC
KDC shares a key with every participant
Authenticates participants, generates session (shared)
keys for them to talk to each other
Gives the requester a “ticket” – session key,
requester’s ID and possibly expiration time, encrypted
by the key that the server shares with KDC
Ticket and session key enrypted by the key that the
requester shares with KDC
Needham-Schroeder, Kerberos
2. Third-party authentication service
oDistributes session keys for authentication,
confidentiality, and integrity
KDC
1. C, S, NC
2. KC(NC, KCS, S, KS (KCS, C ))
C S
3.KS (KCS, C )
4.KCS (NS )
5.KCS (NS-1)
Problem: replay attack
in step 3
Fix: use timestamps
3. Introduce Ticket Granting Server (TGS)
o Issues timed keys to resources
Users log on to authentication server (AS)
AS+TGS = KDC
Uses timestamps with a lifetime instead of
nonces
o Fixes freshness problem from Needham-
Schroeder
4. Third-party authentication service
oDistributes session keys for authentication,
confidentiality, and integrity
TGS
4. KC,TGS(KC,S), TCS
3. TGT, S, KC,TGS(C, t)
AS
1.C 2. KC(KC,TGS), TGT
C S
5. TCS, KC,S(C,t)
KC=hash(pass(C))
TGT=KTGS(C,Tvalid,KC,TGS)
TCS=KS(C,Tvalid,KC,S)
6. KC,S(t+1)
5. Public key is public but …
o How does either side know who and what the key
is for?
Does this solve key distribution problem?
o No – while confidentiality is not required,
integrity is
Still need trusted third party
o Digital certificates – certificate authority (CA) signs
identity+public key tuple with its private key
o Problem is finding a CA that both client and server
trust
6. Everyone has Trent’s public key
Trent signs both Alice’s and Bob’s public
keys – he generates public-key certificate
When they receive keys, verify the signature
Mallory cannot impersonate Alice or Bob
because her key is signed as Mallory’s
Certificate usually contains more than the
public key
oName, network address, organization
Trent is known as Certificate Authority (CA)
7. Authentication steps
oVerifier provides nonce, or a timestamp is used
instead.
oPrincipal selects session key and sends it to verifier
with nonce, encrypted with principal’s private key
and verifier’s public key, sends principal’s
certificate too
oVerifier validates certificate
oVerifier checks signature on nonce
8. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
o“Web of Trust”
o Source: Wikipedia
“As time goes on, you will accumulate keys from
other people that you may want to designate as
trusted introducers. Everyone else will each choose
their own trusted introducers. And everyone will
gradually accumulate and distribute with their key a
collection of certifying signatures from other
people, with the expectation that anyone receiving
it will trust at least one or two of the signatures.
This will cause the emergence of a decentralized
fault-tolerant web of confidence for all public
keys.“
9. X.509 standard
o Hierarchical model
o A handful of trusted CAs can issue certificates
to others
10. SSH
o User keys exchanged out of band
o Weak assurance of server keys
Is this the same host you spoke with last
time?
11. Revocation lists (CRL’s)
o Long lists
o Hard to propagate
Lifetime / Expiration
o Short life allows assurance of validity at time
of issue but increases cost of key distribution
Real-time validation
o Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP)
o Single source of the compromised key list
o Clients check suspicious keys and hash
replies
12. Group key vs. Individual key
o Proves that one belongs to the group vs. proving
an individual identity
o E.g., used for multicast messages
13. Revoking access
o Change keys, redistribute
Joining and leaving groups
o Does one see old messages on join or is the key
changed – backward secrecy
o How to revoke access – forward secrecy
Robustness
o Coping with network partitioning
Efficiency
o Cost of use, verification, exchange
14. Centralized
o Single entity issues keys
o Optimization to reduce traffic for large groups
o May utilize application specific knowledge
Decentralized
o Employs sub managers
Distributed
o Members do key generation
o May involve group contributions