Database constraints include primary key, unique, foreign key, and check constraints. They restrict the contents and operations of database tables to maintain data integrity, such as ensuring rows have valid primary keys, dependent rows have valid foreign keys, and column values are within defined ranges. Constraints are defined using SQL statements when creating or altering tables and are enforced by the database for all data modifications.
OBTÉN GRATIS el curso SIGA INTERMEDIO en video, participando en el curso “SIGA BÁSICO”.
Fecha de inicio: 14 de diciembre de 2016. (3 sesiones) ¡Certifícate por 36 horas lectivas!
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R&C Consulting
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Curso Virtual: Requisitos para trabajar en el EstadoRC Consulting
¡Capacítate y certifícate por 24 horas lectivas!
Curso Virtual: Requisitos para trabajar en el Estado.
Conoce y amplía tus conocimientos sobre los requisitos fundamentales para laborar en el Estado. Días: 29 y 31 de Agosto (8:00 pm. a 10:00 pm.)
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R&C Consulting
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El patrocinio deportivo en la Behobia-San Sebastián: Una propuesta de valoriz...Aitor Casal
Hasta la fecha, la cuantificación del retorno publicitario en eventos deportivos se evalúa mayoritariamente, por la medición de retorno económico (ROI), pero esta no representa la eficacia de una acción de patrocinio. En los últimos años ha cobrado importancia la medición del retorno por objetivos (ROO), que ofrece una visión más global para determinar si una acción de patrocinio ha funcionado o no. Este trabajo hace una propuesta de valorización del retorno publicitario mediante el retorno por objetivos para el caso concreto de la prueba popular Behobia-San Sebastián. El estudio presenta una valorización que cada soporte publicitario indicando cual es más optimo para el éxito de las diferentes variables que se evalúan en el retorno por objetivos. El estudio concluye que la camiseta de la prueba y los soportes de la zona de meta son los que más retorno por objetivos dan a los patrocinadores, fundamentalmente en las variables de notoriedad de marca, asociación de valores y recomendación positiva de la marca.
En estas entrevistas estas señoras cuentan su drama existencial, y además, valoran la atención recibida por parte de los agentes de la seguridad pública española que las han atendido.
OBTÉN GRATIS el curso SIGA INTERMEDIO en video, participando en el curso “SIGA BÁSICO”.
Fecha de inicio: 14 de diciembre de 2016. (3 sesiones) ¡Certifícate por 36 horas lectivas!
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**Además, podrás participar automáticamente en el sorteo del CANASTÓN R&C CONSULTING 2016 y de un premio en efectivo. Mira los detalles aquí: http://bit.ly/2gutJiy
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Curso Virtual: Requisitos para trabajar en el EstadoRC Consulting
¡Capacítate y certifícate por 24 horas lectivas!
Curso Virtual: Requisitos para trabajar en el Estado.
Conoce y amplía tus conocimientos sobre los requisitos fundamentales para laborar en el Estado. Días: 29 y 31 de Agosto (8:00 pm. a 10:00 pm.)
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Y en Twitter => http://goo.gl/Q6SEb6
CONTÁCTANOS...
R&C Consulting
Escuela de Gobierno y Gestión Pública
Av. Petit Thouars N° 2166 Piso 4, Lince - Lima Perú
Movistar: 9-9911-4921
RPM: # 956991632
RPC: 987-972-131
Fijo: (01) 2661067 Anexo 101
El patrocinio deportivo en la Behobia-San Sebastián: Una propuesta de valoriz...Aitor Casal
Hasta la fecha, la cuantificación del retorno publicitario en eventos deportivos se evalúa mayoritariamente, por la medición de retorno económico (ROI), pero esta no representa la eficacia de una acción de patrocinio. En los últimos años ha cobrado importancia la medición del retorno por objetivos (ROO), que ofrece una visión más global para determinar si una acción de patrocinio ha funcionado o no. Este trabajo hace una propuesta de valorización del retorno publicitario mediante el retorno por objetivos para el caso concreto de la prueba popular Behobia-San Sebastián. El estudio presenta una valorización que cada soporte publicitario indicando cual es más optimo para el éxito de las diferentes variables que se evalúan en el retorno por objetivos. El estudio concluye que la camiseta de la prueba y los soportes de la zona de meta son los que más retorno por objetivos dan a los patrocinadores, fundamentalmente en las variables de notoriedad de marca, asociación de valores y recomendación positiva de la marca.
En estas entrevistas estas señoras cuentan su drama existencial, y además, valoran la atención recibida por parte de los agentes de la seguridad pública española que las han atendido.
Video lecture is embedded as well as can be downloaded from the given link:
https://youtu.be/pC-3vZ38rdM?list=PL12t8CWUhXZaUXsmg7M67o_Q37JhhfAKU
For queries or questions:
m.waheed3668@gmail.com
Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML) , Transaction Control Language (TCL) , Data Control Language (DCL) - , SQL Constraints
Check Constraints in MySQL 8.0. Presented at pre-FOSDEM MySQL Day 2020DmitryLenev
One of the most asked for feature from the community,
support for CHECK constraints, is available in MySQL starting from version 8.0.16. This talk will provide introduction to this
new feature to our users. It will cover its syntax, semantics and
limitations. Also some typical use cases for this feature will be
studied.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
2. Database Constraints
• Database constraints are restrictions on the contents of the
database or on database operations
• Database constraints provide a way to guarantee that:
– rows in a table have valid primary or unique key values
– rows in a dependent table have valid foreign key values that reference
rows in a parent table
– individual column values are valid
3. Database Constraints
• SQL/400 constraints cover four specific integrity rules:
– primary key constraint (to enforce existence integrity)
– unique constraint (to enforce candidate key integrity)
– foreign key constraint (to enforce foreign key, or referential integrity)
– check constraint (to restrict a column's values; a partial enforcement of
domain integrity)
• You specify one or more of these constraints when you use the Create
Table statement to create a base table.
• You can also add or drop constraints with the Alter Table statement.
4. Database Constraints
• UDB/400 enforces all four types of constraints when rows in the table are
inserted or updated
• In the case of a foreign key constraint when rows in the parent table are
updated or deleted
• Once a constraint for a table is defined
– The constraint is enforced for all database updates through any
interface
• including SQL DML, HLL built-in I/O operations, Interactive SQL (ISQL) ad
hoc updates, etc.
5. Create Table Sale
( OrderID Dec( 7, 0 ) Not Null
Constraint SaleOrderIdChk Check( OrderID > 0 ),
SaleDate Date Not Null,
ShipDate Date Default Null,
SaleTot Dec( 7, 2 ) Not Null,
CrdAutNbr Int Default Null,
CustID Dec( 7, 0 ) Not Null,
Primary Key( OrderID ),
Constraint SaleCrdAutNbrUK Unique ( CrdAutNbr ),
Constraint SaleCustomerFK Foreign Key ( CustID )
References Customer ( CustID )
On Delete Cascade
On Update Restrict,
Constraint SaleShipDateChk Check( ShipDate Is Null
Or ShipDate >= SaleDate ) )
6. Database Constraints
• If you don't specify a constraint name, UDB/400 generates a name when the
table is created.
– The constraint name can later be used in the Alter Table statement to drop the
constraint
7. Primary Key Constraints
• A primary key serves as the unique identifier for rows in the table.
• The syntax of the primary key constraint (following the Constraint keyword
and the constraint name, if they're specified) is
– Primary Key( column-name, ... )
– Each primary key column's definition must include Not Null.
– For a table with a primary key constraint, UDB/400 blocks any attempt to insert or
update a row that would cause two rows in the same table to have identical
value(s) for their primary key column(s).
– A table definition can have no more than one primary key constraint.
8. Unique Constraints
• A unique constraint is similar to a primary key constraint doesn't have to
be defined with Not Null.
• Recommend always specify a constraint name for a unique constraint:
– Constraint constraint-name Unique ( column-name, ... )
• Note that a unique constraint does not use the Key keyword, as do primary
key and foreign key constraints.
• The SaleCrdAutNbrUK unique constraint specifies that any non-null value
for the CrdAutNbr column must be unique.
• Allowing the CrdAutNbr column to be null and specifying the
SaleCrdAutNbrUK constraint together enforce a business rule that some
orders (e.g., those paid by cash) may exist without a credit authorization
number, but any order that does have a credit authorization number must
have a unique value.
9. Foreign Key Constraints
• A foreign key constraint specifies how records in different tables are
related and how UDB/400 should handle row insert, delete, and update
operations that might violate the relationship.
• For example, sales rows are generally related to the customers who place
the orders. Although it might be valid for a customer row to exist without any
corresponding sale rows, it would normally be invalid for a sale row not to
have a reference to a valid customer.
• With a relational DBMS, the relationship between rows in two tables is
expressed by a foreign key in the dependent table. A foreign key is one or
more columns that contain a value identical to a primary key (or unique key)
value in some row in the parent table (i.e., the referenced table).
10. • With SQL/400, we might create the Customer and Sale tables so they have the
following partial constraint definitions:
– Customer table (parent)
• Primary key column: CustID
– Sale table (dependent)
• Primary key column: OrderID
• Foreign key column: CustID
• For each row in the Sale table, the CustID column should contain the same value
as the CustID column of some Customer row because this value tells which
customer placed the order.
• The purpose of specifying a foreign key constraint is to have UDB/400 ensure
that the Sale table never has a row with a (non-null) value in the CustID column
that has no matching Customer row.
11. Foreign Key Constraints cont.
The Sale table's foreign key constraint, which is
Constraint SaleCustomerFK Foreign Key ( CustID )
References Customer ( CustID )
On Delete Cascade
On Update Restrict
– Specifies that the CustID column in the Sale table is a foreign key that references the
CustID primary key column in the Customer table.
– UDB/400 does not allow an application to insert a new row in the Sale table unless
the row's CustID column contains the value of some existing CustID value in the
Customer table.
– Blocks any attempt to change the CustID column of a row in the Sale table to a value
that doesn't exist in any row in the Customer table. [a new or updated Sale row must
have a parent Customer row].
12. A foreign key constraint can specify the same table for the dependent and parent
tables. Suppose you have an Employee table with an EmpID primary key column
and a MgrEmpID column that holds the employee ID for the person's manager. :
Create Table Employee
( EmpID Dec ( 7, 0 ) Not Null,
MgrEmpID Dec ( 7, 0 ) Not Null,
other column definitions ... ,
Primary Key ( EmpID ),
Constraint EmpMgrFK Foreign Key ( MgrEmpID )
References Employee ( EmpID )
On Update Restrict
On Delete Restrict )
13. Check Constraints
• Used to enforce the validity of column values.
– Constraint SaleOrderIdChk Check( OrderID > 0 )
[guarantees that the OrderID primary key column is always greater than zero]
– Constraint SaleShipDateChk Check( ShipDate Is Null Or ShipDate >=
SaleDate )
[guarantees that either a row has no ship date (i.e., the ShipDate column is
null, meaning "unknown") or the ship date is on or after the sale date].
• A check constraint can compare a column to a constant (such as in the first
example), to another column in the same table (such as in the second example),
or to an expression (e.g., ColA + 3).
• UDB/400 checks to make sure a new or changed row doesn't violate any of its
table's check constraints before an insert or update operation is allowed.
14. check constraints cont.
You can combine check constraints for more than one column into a single
check constraint, as in the following example:
Constraint CustStatusNameChk
Check ( ( Status = 'A' Or Status = 'I' )
And ( Name <> ' ' ) )
15. Add/Remove Constraints
• After you create a table, you can use the Alter Table statement to
– add or remove a primary key, unique, foreign key, or check
constraint
• To drop a table's primary key constraint, just specify the Primary Key
keywords:
Alter Table Sale
Drop Primary Key
• To drop a unique, foreign key, or check constraint, you must specify the
constraint name:
Alter Table Sale
Drop Constraint SaleCustomerFK
• To add a new constraint, use the same constraint syntax as in a Create
Table statement:
Alter Table Sale
Add Constraint SaleSaleTotChk Check( SaleTot >= 0 )
16. Database Constraints
• Constraints can be added to a file in several ways
– the CL Add Physical File Constraint (ADDPFCST) command,
– the Create Table or Alter Table SQL statements,
– the Table Properties tab of AS/400 Operations Navigator.
• Because constraints are defined at the file level, adding one to an existing file
requires that all existing data comply with the constraint being added. You might
need to perform data cleanup prior to introducing a constraint to the file.
• If you try adding a constraint to a file already containing data that violates the
constraint, the constraint is added in a check pending status.
• A constraint having a status of check pending doesn't become enabled until after
the data in violation of the constraint is corrected and the constraint readded.
• To identify and correct the records in violation, two CL commands exist to assist
you-Work with Physical File Constraints (WRKPFCST) and Display Check
Pending Constraint (DSPCPCST).
17. Constraint States
• Constraints added to a file can have a state of either enabled or disabled.
• When set to disabled, the rules of the constraint are not enforced. If a
constraint is added in a check pending status, the state is automatically set
to disabled.
– An active constraint can be temporarily disabled using the State
parameter of the Change Physical File Constraint (CHGPFCST)
command.
18. Database Constraints
• Database constraints provide a way to guarantee that:
– rows in a table have valid primary or unique key values
– rows in a dependent table have valid foreign key values that reference
rows in a parent table
– individual column values are valid
19. Database Constraints
• Database constraints provide a way to guarantee that:
– rows in a table have valid primary or unique key values
– rows in a dependent table have valid foreign key values that reference
rows in a parent table
– individual column values are valid