It is an IETF standardization initiative whose goal is to come out with an Internet standard Version of SSL. The presentation discusses all. Happy Learning. :)
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet. When a server and client communicate, TLS ensures that no third party may eavesdrop or tamper with any message. TLS is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that ensures privacy between communicating applications and their users on the Internet. When a server and client communicate, TLS ensures that no third party may eavesdrop or tamper with any message. TLS is the successor to the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is strong encryption software that enables you to protect your email and files by scrambling them so others cannot read them. It also allows you to digitally "sign" your messages in a way that allows others to verify that a message was actually sent by you. PGP is available in freeware and commercial versions all over the world.
PGP was first released in 1991 as a DOS program that earned a reputation for being difficult. In June 1997, PGP Inc. released PGP 5.x for Win95/NT. PGP 5.x included plugins for several popular email programs.
Pretty Good Privacy,PGP Confidentiality and Authentication,Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME),Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME),Enhanced Security Services,E-mail Threats
This presentation will explain all about why and how email security should be implemented.
> Intro to Email Secuirty
> CIA for Email Security
> Steps to secure mail
> PGP ( All 5 Services)
> S/MIME (With its functions)
It is a presentation on Email Security made to present in one of our PPT lectures during my second year of B.Tech.
Pgp-Pretty Good Privacy is the open source freely available tool to encrypt your emails then you can very securely send mails to others over internet without fear of eavesdropping by cryptanalyst.
Defines a framework for authentication service using the X.500 directory.It is the Repository of public-key certificates,Based on use of public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used for authenticating and encrypting web traffic. For web traffic to be authenticated means that your browser is able to verify the identity of the remote server.
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is strong encryption software that enables you to protect your email and files by scrambling them so others cannot read them. It also allows you to digitally "sign" your messages in a way that allows others to verify that a message was actually sent by you. PGP is available in freeware and commercial versions all over the world.
PGP was first released in 1991 as a DOS program that earned a reputation for being difficult. In June 1997, PGP Inc. released PGP 5.x for Win95/NT. PGP 5.x included plugins for several popular email programs.
Pretty Good Privacy,PGP Confidentiality and Authentication,Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME),Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (S/MIME),Enhanced Security Services,E-mail Threats
This presentation will explain all about why and how email security should be implemented.
> Intro to Email Secuirty
> CIA for Email Security
> Steps to secure mail
> PGP ( All 5 Services)
> S/MIME (With its functions)
It is a presentation on Email Security made to present in one of our PPT lectures during my second year of B.Tech.
Pgp-Pretty Good Privacy is the open source freely available tool to encrypt your emails then you can very securely send mails to others over internet without fear of eavesdropping by cryptanalyst.
Defines a framework for authentication service using the X.500 directory.It is the Repository of public-key certificates,Based on use of public-key cryptography and digital signatures.
SSL is an acronym for Secure Sockets Layer. It is a protocol used for authenticating and encrypting web traffic. For web traffic to be authenticated means that your browser is able to verify the identity of the remote server.
Explain how SSL protocol is used to ensure the confidentiality and int.docxtodd401
Explain how SSL protocol is used to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the Internet traffic.
Solution
SSL uses a combination of public-key and symmetric-key encryption to secure a connection between two machines, typically a Web or mail server and a client machine, communicating over the Internet or an internal network.
Using the OSI reference model as context, SSL runs above the TCP/IP protocol, which is responsible for the transport and routing of data over a network, and below higher-level protocols such as HTTP and IMAP, encrypting the data of network connections in the application layer of the Internet Protocol suite. The \"sockets\" part of the term refers to the sockets method of passing data back and forth between a client and a server program in a network, or between program layers in the same computer.
The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol evolved from SSL and has largely superseded it, although the terms SSL or SSL/TLS are still commonly used; SSL is often used to refer to what is actually TLS. The combination of SSL/TLS is the most widely deployed security protocol used today and is found in applications such as Web browsers, email and basically any situation where data needs to be securely exchanged over a network, like file transfers, VPN connections, instant messaging and voice over IP.
The SSL protocol includes two sub-protocols: the record protocol and the \"handshake\" protocol. These protocols allow a client to authenticate a server and establish an encrypted SSL connection. In what\'s referred to as the \"initial handshake process,\" a server that supports SSL presents its digital certificate to the client to authenticate the server\'s identity. Server certificates follow the X.509 certificate format that is defined by the Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS). The authentication process uses public-key encryption to validate the digital certificate and confirm that a server is in fact the server it claims to be.
Once the server has been authenticated, the client and server establish cipher settings and a shared key to encrypt the information they exchange during the remainder of the session. This provides data confidentiality and integrity. This whole process is invisible to the user.
For example, if a webpage requires an SSL connection, the URL will change from HTTP to HTTPS and a padlock icon appears in the browser once the server has been authenticated.
The handshake also allows the client to authenticate itself to the server. In this case, after server authentication is successfully completed, the client must present its certificate to the server to authenticate the client\'s identity before the encrypted SSL session can be established.
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Stands for "Secure Sockets Layer." SSL is a secure protocol developed for sending information securely over the Internet. Many websites use SSL for secure areas of their sites, such as user account pages and online checkout. Usually, when you are asked to "log in" on a website, the resulting page is secured by SSL.
Fundamental of Secure Socket Layer (SSl) | Part - 1Vishal Kumar
"The Fundamental of SSL" it is the first part of this Topic in which we covered covers the deep understanding of Secure Socket Layer, its position in the TCP/IP suit, its sub protocols and the working or Handshake Protocol.
The Fundamental of Secure Socket Layer (SSL)Vishal Kumar
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Describe- in your own words- the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS co.docxearleanp
Describe, in your own words, the mechanism for establishing a HTTPS connection.
Solution
HTTPS consists of communication over HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) with an encrypted layer such as Transport Layer Security (TSL) or Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
The connection between Client and Server using HTTPS is established by a handshake process which has 3 main phases namely Hello, Certificate exchange and key exchange.
a) Hello-
This is the first phase where the client sends a message ClientHello which contains all the necessary information such as various cipher suites, SSL version number etc. for the server to connect to the client via SSL. Then the server responds with a ServerHello message which contains similar information for client.
b) Certificate Exchange –
Once the contact is established between the Server and the Client, the server has to prove its identity to the client using its SSL certificate. The SSL certificate contains various information such as name of the owner, the domain it is attached to, the certificate’s public key, certificate’s validity dates etc. The client then verifies the certificate whether it is a trusted certificate or it is verified and trusted by one of several Certificate Authorities (CAs) which client trusts.
c) Key Exchange –
In this phase the exchange of encryption key is happened by the client and server using a symmetric algorithm which was already agreed during the Hello phase. The client generates a random key for the symmetric algorithm. It then encrypts the key using an algorithm (which was also agreed upon during the Hello phase) and the server’s public key from the SSL certificate. Client then sends this encrypted key to the server, where it is decrypted using the server’s private key.
Once the client and server have verified each over’s identity and have secretly agreed on a key to symmetrically encrypt the data that they are about to send each other, then the HTTP requests and responses can start flowing form one party to other in the form of a plaintext message with encryption. The other party using the key decrypt is while reading.
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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2. Basics of TLS
TLS stands for Transport Layer Security. It
is an IETF standardization initiative whose
goal is to come out with an Internet
standard Version of SSL.
IETF- Internet Engineering Task Force.
There are subtle differences between SSL
and TLS. However, the core idea and
implementation are quite similar.
3. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a protocol that
ensures privacy between communicating
applications and their users on the Internet.
When a server and client
communicate, TLS ensures that no third party
may eavesdrop or tamper with any
message. TLS is the successor to the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL).
The TLS protocol is based on Netscape's SSL 3.0
protocol; however, TLS and SSL are not
interoperable. The TLS protocol does contain a
mechanism that allows TLS implementation to
back down to SSL 3.0. The most recent
browser versions support TLS.
4. TLS is composed of two layers: the TLS Record
Protocol and the TLS Handshake Protocol.
The TLS Record Protocol provides connection
security with some encryption method such as
the Data Encryption Standard (DES)-
Symmentric key algorithm. The TLS Record
Protocol can also be used without encryption.
The TLS Handshake Protocol allows the server
and client to authenticate each other and to
negotiate an encryption algorithm and
cryptographic keys before data is exchanged.
5. TLS HANDSHAKE PROTOCOL
The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Handshake
Protocol is responsible for the authentication
and key exchange necessary to establish or
resume secure sessions. When establishing a
secure session, the Handshake Protocol manages
the following:
Cipher suite negotiation.
Authentication of the server and optionally, the
client.
Session key information exchange.
6. Cipher Suite Negotiation
The client and server make contact and choose the cipher suite
that will be used throughout their message exchange.
(Authentication & Encryption combination)
Authentication
In TLS, a server proves its identity to the client. The client might
also need to prove its identity to the server. PKI, the use
of public/private key pairs, is the basis of this authentication.
The exact method used for authentication is determined by the
cipher suite negotiated.
Key Exchange
The client and server exchange random numbers and a special
number called the Pre-Master Secret. These numbers are
combined with additional data permitting client and server to
create their shared secret, called the Master Secret. The Master
Secret is used by client and server to generate the write MAC
secret, which is the session key used for hashing, and the write
key, which is the session key used for encryption.
7. The TLS Handshake Protocol involves the following
steps:
The client sends a "Client hello" message to the server, along with the client's random
value and supported cipher suites.
The server responds by sending a "Server hello" message to the client, along with the
server's random value.
The server sends its certificate to the client for authentication and may request a
certificate from the client. The server sends the "Server hello done" message.
If the server has requested a certificate from the client, the client sends it.
The client creates a random Pre-Master Secret and encrypts it with the public key from
the server's certificate, sending the encrypted Pre-Master Secret to the server.
The server receives the Pre-Master Secret. The server and client each generate the
Master Secret and session keys based on the Pre-Master Secret.
The client sends "Change cipher spec" notification to server to indicate that the client
will start using the new session keys for hashing and encrypting messages. Client also
sends "Client finished" message.
Server receives "Change cipher spec" and switches its record layer security state
to symmetric encryption using the session keys. Server sends "Server finished" message
to the client.
Client and server can now exchange application data over the secured channel they
have established. All messages sent from client to server and from server to client are
encrypted using session key.
8. Resuming a Secure Session by Using TLS
The client sends a "Client hello" message using the Session ID
of the session to be resumed.
The server checks its session cache for a matching Session ID.
If a match is found, and the server is able to resume the
session, it sends a "Server hello" message with the Session ID.
Note If a session ID match is not found, the server generates a
new session ID and the TLS client and server perform a full
handshake.
Client and server must exchange "Change cipher spec"
messages and send "Client finished" and "Server finished"
messages.
Client and server can now resume application data exchange
over the secure channel.
9. TLS RECORD Protocol
The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Record protocol secures
application data using the keys created during the Handshake.
The Record Protocol is responsible for securing application
data and verifying its integrity and origin. It manages the
following:
1. Dividing outgoing messages into manageable blocks, and
reassembling incoming messages.
2. Compressing outgoing blocks and decompressing incoming
blocks (optional).
3. Applying a Message Authentication Code (MAC) to outgoing
messages, and verifying incoming messages using the MAC.
4. Encrypting outgoing messages and decrypting incoming
messages.
10. When the Record Protocol & Handshake
protocols are completed, the outgoing
encrypted data is passed down to the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) layer for
transport.
11. Thank you all !
Arun Shukla
arun.shukla2694@gmail.com