Kerala has a long history of educational reforms led by social movements. It has implemented quality initiatives under programs like DPEP and SSA for over a decade, gaining insights from developing new textbooks and teacher materials based on an emerging educational paradigm and testing them at various levels. Critical pedagogy calls for recognizing that all education is inherently political and should promote justice and equality, addressing issues like race, class, gender, sexuality, religion, and ability, which are important domains of oppression. Schools should not blame students for failures.