A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices, learning experiences, and students' performance assessment that are designed to bring out and evaluate the target learning outcomes of a particular course.
Curriculum development is a process of improving the curriculum. Approaches for curricula:
Analysis
Selecting
Formation
Review
Curriculum development is significant because it
Takes contents and shapes into plan for effective teaching and learning
Provide a map to achieve outputs
Provide appropriate learning activities and assessments
secondary education
In British India, the structure and curricula of secondary education were mandated by British colonial rule
After independence, Pakistan then developed its own Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) which were tasked with developing and conducting final examinations at the ends of grades 9 to 12
Admission requires completion of middle school
Consists of two years education (grades 9 and 10) followed by two years of higher-secondary education
Compulsory subjects include Urdu, English, Islamic education (civics for non-Muslim students), and Pakistan studies along with both required and elective courses in the specific stream.
The exams are conducted by one of the Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE).
Curriculum Domain at Secondary Level\
According to the Constitution of Pakistan, curriculum development is the domain of the federal government.
Curriculum development up to intermediate level is the responsibility of the Curriculum Wing of the Ministry of Education.
Textbooks are developed by the provincial Textbook Boards strictly in accordance with the curriculum developed by the committees.
Developed after extensive analysis of the previous curriculum in order to bring desired changes in teaching and learning.
Assessment patterns (development and evaluation ) together with recommendations for teacher training were included in the curriculum
Nature, Significance and Objectives of Secondary EducationR.A Duhdra
Secondary education (ix-xii)is an important subsector of the entire education system.
It provides middle level workers for economy of the country .
It acts as a feeder for further level of education .
Quality of higher education depends upon the quality of secondary education to produce high quality of professionals in different fields. So it should prepare the youth of the country for the pursuit of higher education.
EDUCATION FOR EDUCATORS IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM.THIS PRESENTATION SHOWS THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA.
Curriculum development processes in Pakistan HennaAnsari
Curriculum development processes at elementary and secondary level
Curriculum Bodies at Primary and Secondary Levels
Steps Involved in Curriculum Review/Revision Process
Process of national curriculum development in Pakistan under Federal Control of Curriculum
2 Curriculum Reforms and policies
VARIOUS ROLE OF A TEACHER IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Problems and issues in curriculum development
Nature, Significance and Objectives of Secondary EducationR.A Duhdra
Secondary education (ix-xii)is an important subsector of the entire education system.
It provides middle level workers for economy of the country .
It acts as a feeder for further level of education .
Quality of higher education depends upon the quality of secondary education to produce high quality of professionals in different fields. So it should prepare the youth of the country for the pursuit of higher education.
EDUCATION FOR EDUCATORS IS MOST IMPORTANT FOR DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE EDUCATION SYSTEM.THIS PRESENTATION SHOWS THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA.
Curriculum development processes in Pakistan HennaAnsari
Curriculum development processes at elementary and secondary level
Curriculum Bodies at Primary and Secondary Levels
Steps Involved in Curriculum Review/Revision Process
Process of national curriculum development in Pakistan under Federal Control of Curriculum
2 Curriculum Reforms and policies
VARIOUS ROLE OF A TEACHER IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Problems and issues in curriculum development
A curriculum Plan is the advance arrangement of learning opportunities for a particular population of learners.
Curriculum guide is a written curriculum.
Curriculum Planning is the process whereby the arrangement of curriculum plans or learning opportunities are created.
Details of UGC Academic Staff College , Its objectives and Functioning along with its academic structure. The presentations talks about the role and purpose of establishing ASCs.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Curriculum
Development
and its
Significance
• A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices,
learning experiences, and students' performance assessment
that are designed to bring out and evaluate the target
learning outcomes of a particular course.
• Curriculum development is a process of improving
the curriculum. Approaches for curricula:
o Analysis
o Selecting
o Formation
o Review
• Curriculum development is significant because it
o Takes contents and shapes into plan for effective teaching and
learning
o Provide a map to achieve outputs
o Provide appropriate learning activities and assessments
3. Secondary Education
• In British India, the structure and curricula of secondary education were mandated by
British colonial rule
• After independence, Pakistan then developed its own Boards of Intermediate and
Secondary Education (BISE) which were tasked with developing and conducting final
examinations at the ends of grades 9 to 12
• Admission requires completion of middle school
• Consists of two years education (grades 9 and 10) followed by two years of higher-
secondary education
• Compulsory subjects include Urdu, English, Islamic education (civics for non-
Muslim students), and Pakistan studies along with both required and
elective courses in the specific stream.
• The exams are conducted by one of the Boards of Intermediate and Secondary
Education (BISE).
4. Curriculum
Domain at
Secondary
Level
• According to the Constitution of Pakistan, curriculum
development is the domain of the federal government.
• Curriculum development up to intermediate level is
the responsibility of the Curriculum Wing of the
Ministry of Education.
• Textbooks are developed by the provincial Textbook
Boards strictly in accordance with the curriculum
developed by the committees.
• Developed after extensive analysis of the previous
curriculum in order to bring desired changes in
teaching and learning.
• Assessment patterns (development and evaluation )
together with recommendations for teacher training
were included in the curriculum
5. Grading Scale at
Secondary Level
• The Secondary School Certificate (SSC)
is examined in two parts at the end of
grades 9 and 10 and is awarded upon
passing the final SSC exam at the end of
grade 10.
• The exam is graded on the 0-100 scale.
• The minimum passing grade in each
subject is 33 percent.
• The final grade average is typically
converted into a letter grade. Students are
examined in eight subjects. Those who
fail more than two subjects must repeat
the school year.
6. Developing
Objectives
Requirement
of
curriculum
objectives
Should
be
precise
Assist in
the
selection of
teaching
strategy
Enable
teachers
evaluate the
quality of
learning.
Produce a
designated
behavior
pattern
• Curriculum objectives are basically
derived from the recommendations
of National Education Policy,
national level seminars and other
forums.
• The NBCT prepares the draft of
objectives; which are widely
circulated among the provincial
institutions responsible for
curriculum development, teacher
training and examination.
• Based on their views/comments,
these objectives are finalized.
7. Studies Scheme
• The scheme of studies is based on three
key factors:
o the national education policy
o market demand
o global issues that relate to new
education dimensions.
• Task work in this area is undertaken
with active participation of the
provincial government, research
organizations and experts; as well as
feedback from the IBCC.
8. Textbook
Development
• Provincial Textbook Boards (PTBB) are
responsible for development of text-books
according to the approved syllabi.
• Established lists of textbook writers in various
subjects are kept. From these lists, invitations
are issued to writers to submit draft materials
within the prescribed syllabus parameters.
• Selections are made on the basis of the quality
and relevance of materials submitted to local
situations.
• Finally, the selected materials are transformed
into textbooks; the final versions of which are
sent to the NBCT for approval.
9. Development of Syllabus
• Subject specific syllabi are prepared in consultation with: provincial curriculum
centers; subject experts; and psychologists and serving teachers.
• They ensure that the syllabi, in all respects, satisfy the following conditions:
o They are based on the needs of the learner/child.
o They take into account the existing knowledge and environmental experience of the
learner.
o The developmental level of the learner is considered in the cognitive, effectiveness and
psycho-motor domains.
o The contents should be focused on attaining the objectives.
10. Teacher
Training
Teacher training for curriculum
implementation is the exclusive
responsibility of the provincial
government.
However, it is now being stressed that
each textbook must have a teacher’s
guide—also approved by the NBCT.
In some cases, assistance in the training
of master trainers is provided to
provincial governments.
11. Review
and
Approval
• A National Review Committee, comprising five or six
members includes: at least one expert from the Syllabus
Formulation Committee; two subject experts; two
schoolteachers (one teaching the relevant material and
one from a teacher-training institute).
• On receipt of textual materials from PTBB, this
committee conducts textbook reviews based on the
following parameters
o The book truly reflects the curriculum
o It meets the objectives stated in the curriculum
o The book does not contain any material repugnant to
Islamic and Pakistani ideology.
• In the case of approval, the textbook is sent back for
publishing and distribution. In case of objection, the
specific complaints are relayed along with revision
recommendations.
13. Demerits of
Existing
Curriculum
Not
endorse the
practice of
decisive and
innovative
thinking.
Not to be helpful in
the development of a
democratic society.
Teaching
method
and
techniques
are not
suitable
Not according to the
student‘s
capabilities and
resources
No
consistency
among
examination
, textbooks
and
curriculum.
•Teachers were not
appropriately skilled
in execution of
curriculum.
14. Recommendations for Development of Curriculum
Curriculum objectives and content may be designed in a way that meets the challenge of new era.
Curriculum may be as closer to its society and culture as blood to living beings.
Islamic and oriental knowledge may be given due importance.
Cohesion and synchronization among the learners, instructors and curriculum specialists
Could be easily and purposefully evaluated and assessed.
Curriculum planners should be sound skilled, capable, knowledgeable in their meadows, failure to
which would make the curriculum concerned collapsed.
Proper supervision and co-ordination is needed to see input and output of whole process and its
implementation.
Teachers‘ opinion may be given main magnitude in the execution of curriculum.
Continuous research may be carried out to eradicate the shortcomings in the existing curricula.
