The Kothari Commission of 1964-1966, led by Dr. D.S. Kothari, was tasked with advising the Indian government on education reform. The Commission recommended transforming education to relate it to people's lives and needs in order to achieve national goals. It emphasized making education an instrument of social, economic, and cultural progress. The Commission also specified five aims of education in India and recommended reforms to curriculum, teaching methods, educational structure, and teacher training.
Universalization of elementary educationAbid Nazir
This PowerPoint Presentation have Concept of Universalisation of Elementary Education,
Promotion of UEE through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan,
Aims and Objectives of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Strategies for Promotions of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
The most important system of education in medieval period was the Buddhist system of education. Buddhist education came into the existence in the 5th century B.C. Buddhist system of education was monastic. All castes were admitted to Buddhist sangh. The history of education in Buddha period is inter-related with the history of monasteries and Vihara because there were no independent educational institutions or centers, other than those religious centers. Those centers were highly responsible for the spread of Buddhism in India by 600B.C.
First and foremost Commission of Indian Education emphasized on Women and primary education. Also established 3 universities in the London University modelled.
Universalization of elementary educationAbid Nazir
This PowerPoint Presentation have Concept of Universalisation of Elementary Education,
Promotion of UEE through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan,
Aims and Objectives of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Strategies for Promotions of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
The most important system of education in medieval period was the Buddhist system of education. Buddhist education came into the existence in the 5th century B.C. Buddhist system of education was monastic. All castes were admitted to Buddhist sangh. The history of education in Buddha period is inter-related with the history of monasteries and Vihara because there were no independent educational institutions or centers, other than those religious centers. Those centers were highly responsible for the spread of Buddhism in India by 600B.C.
First and foremost Commission of Indian Education emphasized on Women and primary education. Also established 3 universities in the London University modelled.
EDUCATIONAL REGULATIONS OF POST INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
Education Commission (1964-66)
Challenge of Education: A policy perspectives of Govt. of India (1985)
National Policy on Education (1986)
POA (Programme of Action)(1990)
This PPT aims to provide knowledge and Understanding about Kothari Commission, Its Structure, Objectives, Curriculum, Recommendation, Results of the Report.
Curriculum Reforms in Pakistan....You may visit my channel for more updates:
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SECONDARY EDUCATION: 1. Secondary Education, the second stage traditionally found in formal education, beginning about age 11 to 13 and ending usually at age 15 to 18.
2. Secondary Education is a crucial stage in the educational structure as it prepares students for higher education.
3. Secondary education may be general or specialized. General secondary education provides systematized knowledge of the fundamentals of various subjects.
4. It also teaches the abilities and skills necessary for work in various areas of the nation’s economy, culture, and everyday life and for obtaining a specialized education in vocational-technical, secondary, and higher educational institutions.
FEATURES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION: # Secondary education has a very strategic position in the educational system of India. It is the bridge between primary education and higher education. The importance of Secondary Education is:
1.) To make the students all-rounders in understanding the important branches of knowledge.
2.) To train India's students to be good citizens who will contribute to the country's social and economic development and to maintain the democratic spirit of India.
3.) To improve the rational development and practical skills of students.
4.) To improve the practical efficiency of the students.
# For the successful implementation of any program, it is essential to have efficient administration and management, not only would this ensure proper implementation, but also help in achieving the goal of the program. In our country, the school administration, especially the secondary and senior secondary school, falls under the following three heads.
*Central level
*State level
*Local level
# Over the years, schools established by philanthropic individuals and institutions have continued to thrive with state recognition through grant-in-aid policy. In India, educational institutions are operated through the government, grant-in-aid to private agencies, private organizations or by minorities. Thus, there are four forms of educational management in India:
a) Publicly managed and funded (e.g. government primary schools)
b) Publicly managed, but publicly and privately funded (e.g. government secondary schools)
c) Privately managed but publicly funded (e.g. government aided schools and colleges). Government aided schools are charitable trust run schools that receive partial funding from the government e.g. DAV College d) Privately managed and funded (e.g. unaided schools and colleges) e.g. The Doon School, Delhi Public School
HIERARCHY TO REACH SECONDARY EDUCATION: Secondary Education plays a vital role in the education of the community.
Schools providing secondary education were not prevalent in ancient and medieval India.
Schools providing secondary education or expansion of secondary education in India were initially started by the British and after that by those who promoted Indian education.
Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)/ Mudaliar commission, An important question for the students of B.Ed. First Year (Paper-2,Contemporary India and Education)
PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT: An Exclusive PresentationAmrutha M V
It is a PPT on principles of development-growth and development-psychology of growth and development-educational psychology- learner psychology- psychology of education
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. The appointment of the
education commission of 1964-
1966 popularly known as
‘KOTHARI COMMISION’ was a
significant event in the history
of education in free India.
In 1964,Dr.D.S Kothari was
requested to give advise to
the government on the action
to be taken for the
development of education at
all the levels and he
submitted a report in 1966.
3. RECOMMENDATIONS
The opening sentence report ‘The
Destiny of India is being shaped in
the classrooms’.
‘According to the commission', the
most important and urgent reform
needed in education was to
transform it and related it to the
life, needs and aspirations of the
people and there by make it a
powerful instrument of social,
economic and cultural
transformation necessary for the
realization of the national goals’.
4. AIMS OF EDUCATIONS
The commissions clearly specified the five
important aims of educations in India.
1.EDUCATION AND PRODUCTIVITY
• Science education as an integral part of school
course.
• Work experience as an important aspect of
general educations.
• Vocational education especially at the secondary
school stage to meet the needs of industry,
agriculture and commerce.
• Improvement of scientific and technical
education and research at the university stage.
5. 2. SOCIAL AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION
According to the commission
common school system, social service, NSS,NCC
teaching languages, Literatures, philosophy and
history of India would go a long way in promoting
national integration.
3. EDUCATION AND MODERNISATION
Another important aim of education is
modernization. Education should awaken curiosity,
Interests, Attitudes and sense of values and skills in
the pupils.
6. 4. DEVELOPMENT OF DEMOCRASY
India is the largest
democracy in the world. The
success of democracy depends
upon the education of the masses.
5. SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL VALUES
Education system
should emphasize the development
of fundamental, Social, Moral and
Spiritual values.
7. EDUCATIONAL STUCTURE
The commission recommended pre
school education ( 1-3 years ) and 10 year period
of general education.it may be subdivided into
Lower primary and Upper primary stages. The high
school stage ( 3-2 years )and higher secondary
stage of three or more years were also
recommended by the commission.
8. STATUS OF TEACHERS
Teachers have to play an important
role in improving the standard of
education. Their quantity, qualification
and character should be up to the mark.
The socio-economic and professional
status of teachers must be improved.
9. EQUALISATION OF EDUCATIONAL
OPPORTUNITY
o The commission stressed the need for
equalization of educational opportunity.
o Scholarships and books should be given
to deserving students.
oAdult education is also to be improved.
10. CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT
The commission felt that the existing curriculum
is badly in need of reform.
METHODS OF TEACHING
The commission emphasized the importance of
modern methods of teaching. The commission
recommended dynamic methods of teaching and
flexibility of curriculum in order to make school life
lively and inspiring.
11. LANGUAGE POLICY
The three language formula after due modification
should be used as medium of instruction.
The mother tongue or regional language should be
compulsory at the lower primary stage.
The official language Hindi or associated language
English should be added at the higher primary stage.
The modern Indian or European language may also be
studied the secondary stage.
12. TEXT BOOKS AND STUDY METERIALS
A comprehensive programme of text
book production at national level should be
implemented.
SCHOOL BUILDING
Since the accommodation in most of
the school is unsatisfactory the commission
recommended the construction of new school
buildings keeping in view the economy and
local condition.
13. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
Hence adequate arrangements should be made in
all secondary schools to introduce guidance service with a
trained counselor.
EVALUATION
Evaluation is a continuous process closely related to the
aims and objectives of education. The written examination
should be improved and oral tests as part of internal
assessment should be given due weightage.
14. OTHER IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS
The commission also
stressed the importance of
science,education,vocational and
technical training ,agricultural
research ,adult education, literacy
campaign.
15. GOVERNMENT ACTION
It was on the
basis of the report that
the NEW EDUCATION
POLICY was declared in
1968.
16. MERITS
The Kothari commission report was a masterly piece of work on
all aspects of Indian Education.
The commission presented a comprehensive study of
educational problems in the context of the national needs and
aspirations.
The commission made a realistic approach to link education to
the socio-economic , cultural and spiritual aspects of Indian
life.
The commission recommended reasonable and respectable
scales of pay to all categories of teachers subject to periodical
revision.
17. DEMERITS
The position of heads of schools was left
undecided by the commission.
The commission committed a mistake in placing
Sanskrit on a par with Arabic.
The views of commission on medium of
instruction was not only conflicting but also
controversial.
