Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious disease of the canine respiratory tract that causes sudden onset of a paroxysmal cough lasting several days. The two most common causes are canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Clinical signs include a dry, hacking cough that is more frequent during exercise or changes in temperature/humidity. Diagnosis is based on exposure history and cough, with radiography and cytology used in severe cases to check for pneumonia. Treatment involves antibiotics, cough suppressants, bronchodilators and supportive care. Prevention focuses on vaccination and sanitary kennel practices like isolation, disinfection and
Parvo virus infection in dog - preventive medicinerajboy19
Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious infection of dogs caused by a Parvovirus. This slide include virology,transmission,pathogenesis,clinical sign and symptoms,diagnosis, differential diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control.
Parvo virus infection in dog - preventive medicinerajboy19
Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious infection of dogs caused by a Parvovirus. This slide include virology,transmission,pathogenesis,clinical sign and symptoms,diagnosis, differential diagnosis,treatment, prevention and control.
Prevalence of canine leptospirosis has increased in recent years.
As many as 8.2% of dogs are shedding leptospires, some asymptomatically.49
Weather changes, population growth, and habitat encroachment have all increased human and canine exposure to pathogens and their carriers.
Transmission of leptospirosis can occur through direct contact or indirectly through environmental exposure.
Leptospires enter the body through mucous membranes in the mouth, eyes, or nose, or through abraded or water-softened skin.
Leptospires multiply in a host animal's bloodstream.
Leptospires move from the bloodstream to the kidneys and other tissues to continue reproducing.
Leptospires pass from the kidneys into the urine; then are shed back into the environment.
Other dogs, wild animals, or people can become infected through direct or indirect contact.
clinical signs
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Anorexia
Depression
Acute renal failure
Jaundice
Abdominal discomfort
Vomiting and diarrhea
Blood in urine is uncommon, but may occur
Respiratory distress
Dogs at risk
Dogs at risk for developing leptospirosis include those with
Access to ponds, lakes, streams, or standing water
Exposure to urine from other infected animals, including:
Other dogs in shelters or other pet care facilities
Wildlife (e.g. rodents, racoons, opossum, deer), either through direct contact with urine or through contaminated water
Morbidity threats
As leptospirosis progresses, it can result in
Leptospiremia
Leptospires can multiply in the bloodstream and spread to many tissues and organs
Vascular damage/thrombocytopenia
Can lead to kidney failure and interfere with liver function
Contributes to coagulatory abnormalities and hemorrhages
Severe kidney and liver damage
Acute renal failure occurs in dogs with severe clinical signs
Acute hepatic dysfunction or chronic hepatitis have been caused by specific serovars
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and relatively common cause of acute, infectious GI illness in young dogs. Although its exact origin is unknown, it is believed to have arisen from feline panleukopenia virus or a related parvovirus of nondomestic animals
Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
Dog Diseases
Like all pets, dogs are also susceptible to diseases. It is important to exercise good pet care by having a sound knowledge of various diseases that dogs suffer from, its symptoms, familiarity of breed along with routine check-ups, proper immunizations and vaccinations and regular visits to the vet .
Babesiosis is the diseased state caused by the protozoal (single celled) parasites of the genus Babesia. Infection in a dog may occur by tick transmission, direct transmission via blood transfer from dog bites, blood transfusions, or transplacental transmission.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Prevalence of canine leptospirosis has increased in recent years.
As many as 8.2% of dogs are shedding leptospires, some asymptomatically.49
Weather changes, population growth, and habitat encroachment have all increased human and canine exposure to pathogens and their carriers.
Transmission of leptospirosis can occur through direct contact or indirectly through environmental exposure.
Leptospires enter the body through mucous membranes in the mouth, eyes, or nose, or through abraded or water-softened skin.
Leptospires multiply in a host animal's bloodstream.
Leptospires move from the bloodstream to the kidneys and other tissues to continue reproducing.
Leptospires pass from the kidneys into the urine; then are shed back into the environment.
Other dogs, wild animals, or people can become infected through direct or indirect contact.
clinical signs
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Anorexia
Depression
Acute renal failure
Jaundice
Abdominal discomfort
Vomiting and diarrhea
Blood in urine is uncommon, but may occur
Respiratory distress
Dogs at risk
Dogs at risk for developing leptospirosis include those with
Access to ponds, lakes, streams, or standing water
Exposure to urine from other infected animals, including:
Other dogs in shelters or other pet care facilities
Wildlife (e.g. rodents, racoons, opossum, deer), either through direct contact with urine or through contaminated water
Morbidity threats
As leptospirosis progresses, it can result in
Leptospiremia
Leptospires can multiply in the bloodstream and spread to many tissues and organs
Vascular damage/thrombocytopenia
Can lead to kidney failure and interfere with liver function
Contributes to coagulatory abnormalities and hemorrhages
Severe kidney and liver damage
Acute renal failure occurs in dogs with severe clinical signs
Acute hepatic dysfunction or chronic hepatitis have been caused by specific serovars
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and relatively common cause of acute, infectious GI illness in young dogs. Although its exact origin is unknown, it is believed to have arisen from feline panleukopenia virus or a related parvovirus of nondomestic animals
Fowl typhoid is a septicemic acute or chronic disease of domesticated birds.
The disease is worldwide distributed and natural outbreaks occur in chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, peafowl, duckling and game birds such as quail, grouse and pheasant.
This can cause mortality in birds of any age.
Broiler parents and brown-shell egg layers are especially susceptible.
Dog Diseases
Like all pets, dogs are also susceptible to diseases. It is important to exercise good pet care by having a sound knowledge of various diseases that dogs suffer from, its symptoms, familiarity of breed along with routine check-ups, proper immunizations and vaccinations and regular visits to the vet .
Babesiosis is the diseased state caused by the protozoal (single celled) parasites of the genus Babesia. Infection in a dog may occur by tick transmission, direct transmission via blood transfer from dog bites, blood transfusions, or transplacental transmission.
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a respiratory condition that primarily affects infants and young children. It is characterized by inflammation of the larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), and bronchi (large airways in the lungs). Croup is often caused by viral infections, with parainfluenza virus being a common culprit
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. INTRODUCTION
• It is a collection of highly contagious
infectious diseases of the canine respiratory
tract that cause acute tracheobronchitis and
sudden onset of a paroxysmal cough lasting
several days.
3. ETIOLOGY
• Two most important causes of canine ITB are
canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) and
Bordetella bronchiseptica
• Other infectious agents occasionally isolated
from coughing dogs include canine
adenoviruses (especially CAV-2), canine
herpesvirus, reoviruses (types 1, 2, and 3), and
mycoplasmas
4. Transmission
• Fomites (e.g., personnel, cages, and food and
water bowls).
• Dogs infected with CPIV or CAV-2 shed the
virus for only 1 week following recovery;
however, dogs infected with B. bronchiseptica
or mycoplasmas can become chronic carriers
with persistent shedding.
5. Pathogenesis
• Incubation period is 5 to 7 days.
• The primary target of these agents is the
upper airway epithelium, which result in
epithelial injury, acute inflammation, and
dysfunction of the airway cilia.
6. CLINICAL SIGNS
• Dry, harsh, hacking cough is due to tracheobronchitis.
• Characterized by increased production of mucus.
• Cough may be high-pitched because of laryngitis and swollen
vocal folds.
• Cough may be more frequent during exercise, excitement, or
changes in temperature and humidity of inspired air.
• Cough may be elicited by tracheal palpation or pressure from the
collar.
7. CLINICAL SIGNS
• Mild, serous, or mucopurulent naso-ocular
discharge can be seen.
• Typically, affected dogs continue to eat,
remain active and alert, and are nonfebrile. In
severe cases, anorexia, depression, and fever
may be present.
8. DIAGNOSIS
• Based on exposure history and clinical signs,
especially the sudden onset of a severe cough
in a previously healthy dog.
Hemogram:
• Mild ITB: CBC is usually normal or shows a
stress response (mature neutrophilia,
lymphopenia).
• Severe ITB: Neutrophilic leukocytosis with a
left shift is seen with complicating pneumonia.
9. Thoracic Radiography:
• Mild ITB: Usually normal; a mild increase in
interstitial lung density is seen occasionally.
• Severe ITB: Interstitial and alveolar pattern with
lobar consolidation is seen with complicating
bronchopneumonia.
10. Airway Cytology :
• Evaluation of airway cytology is only indicated in
severe, febrile, or complicated ITB. Obtain
specimens by transtracheal aspiration,
endotracheal tube lavage, or bronchoscopic
lavage or swab.
• Findings include increased mucus, mucopurulent
exudate, and sometimes bacteria.
Cultures :
• Nasal swabs or tracheobronchial specimens can
be cultured for Bordetella and mycoplasma.
Virology and Serology :
• Virus isolation can identify CPIV and CAV-2 from
nasopharyngeal or tracheal swabs.
11. TREATMENT
• Antibiotics :
– Doxycycline (5–10 mg/kg PO q12h) for 2 to 4 weeks;
effective for both Bordetella and mycoplasma
– Amoxicillin/clavulanate (12.5–25 mg/kg POq12h) for 2
to 4 weeks
– Azithromycin (5 mg/kg PO, once daily) for 5 to 7 days.
– Others: enrofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfa
• Antitussives :
– Hydrocodone (0.22 mg/kg PO q6–12h) and butorphanol
(0.55–1.1 mg/kg PO q6–12h).
• Corticosteroids :
– Prednisolone 0.25–0.5 mg/kg PO q12h
12. TREATMENT
• Bronchodilators :
– Theophylline: Dog: 10 mg/kg PO q12 h
– Albuterol: Dog: 50 mg/kg PO q12 h
– Terbutalin: Dog: 1.25–5.0 mg/dog PO q12 h
• Supportive Care :
– Provide adequate fluid intake, airway
humidification, nutritional support, and rest.
13. PREVENTION
• Prevention strategies include vaccination
and kennel management practices.
• Vaccination :
– routine canine vaccination (CAV-2 and
CPIV).
• Kennel Prevention :
– Avoid overcrowded, high-density
confinement.
– Isolate infected (coughing) animals.
– Use caretaker hygiene to prevent fomite
spread.
– Ensure proper kennel ventilation.
– Use disinfectants such as sodium
hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and
benzalkonium Cl.
14. REFERENCES…
• Saunders Manual of Small animal Practice.
• The Merck veterinary manual
• Textbook of Preventive veterinary medicine &
epidemiology
THANKS