Jute is a plant fiber that grows well in India and Bangladesh. It is composed mainly of cellulose and is used to make bags, sacks, carpet backing, twine, and other products. The jute cultivation process involves land preparation, sowing seeds, irrigation, harvesting the plant, and a retting process to separate the fibers from the stem. Some defects that can occur in jute fibers include being rooty, specky, croppy, or weak due to issues with retting, harvesting, or storage. Jute fibers are composed mostly of cellulose and lignin and are resistant to acids, alkalis, insects and mildews.

1. JUTE FIBER
Submitted by:
Md Naim Hasan Towhid

2. JUTE is also Known as the Golden Fiber. It
grows well on alluvial soil and requires high
temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.
Its leading producers are India and
Bangladesh.
Jute is the plant of the genus Corchorus of
the iliciae family. The principle two botanical
species of jute as follows:
Corchorus capsularies
(white jute)
Corchorus Olitorius
(dark jute or tossa)

3. HISTORY OF JUTE
Integral part of culture of Bengal for centuries.
19th & 20th century raw jute was carried off to
UK
Industry boomed after invention of machine
1901
Appearance of synthetic fiber in 1970
Trade declined largely in following years
Between 2004-2009 market recovered & price
increased more than 200%

4. CULTIVATION OF JUTE
Once our economy was largely dependent to jute and
it was our main crop to earn the highest amount of
foreign currency. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute
(BJRI) has developed. The cultivation of jute follows
the steps Below:
 Land preparation
 Jute rotting
 Use of pesticides
 Fiber collection
 Sowing the seed in time at Washing and dyeing
proper distance
 Fiber processing
 Irrigation
 Cutting the jute plant

5. Processing
The extraction on
preparation of jute
fiber involves the
traditional method of
retting. During this
simple, yet skilled
process, jute fiber is
loosened with wooden
mallets before being
carefully washed and
dried in the sun.
The dried jute fibers are then graded by quality before being
baled and sent to manufacturers ready for weaving into jute
rugs.

7. Washing and Drying

8. Spinning

9. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JUTE
Jute is a cellulosic fiber. Its repeating unit is
also cellulosic. Jute is composed of 65T
cellulose and 35% natural wages, oils and
cements (lignin)

10. The Chemical Composition of Jute is given below
Components
Percentage (%)
Cellulose
65.2
Hemi-cellulose
22.2
Lignin
10.8
Water soluble
1.5
Fat and wax
0.3

11. Physical Properties
No
Parameters
Values/Result
1
Tenacity (g/den)
3.5-4.5 or (40-70 g/tex)
2
Length
0.2-30 inch
3
Stretch and Elasticity
Not good and 2% elongation at break
4
Resiliency
Not very good
5
Abrasion resistance
Relatively good
6
Dimensional stability
Good
7
Moisture regain
13.75%
8
Specific gravity
1.48-1.50
9
Color
Yellowish, Yellow, Brown, Golden
10
Heat resistance
Good
11
Specific Heat
0.324
12
Diameter
18 micron
13
Cross section
Uneven, thick cell wall with lumen

12. Chemical Properties
No
Values/Result
Parameters
1
Effect of bleaching
Not affected by oxidizing and reducing
bleaching agents
2
Effect of acid
Destroyed by hot concentrated acids. Dilute
acids can’t do harm to the fiber
3
Effect of alkali
Strong alkali destroy the fiber and strength
reduces
4
Organic solvent
Resistant to organic solvents
5
Effect of mildews
Better than cotton and linen
6
Effect of insects
Resistance is good
7
Dye-ability
Good, easily dyed
8
Electrical and Thermal
conductivity
Moderate

13. DEFECTS OF JUTE FIBER
 Rooty fiber: This problem is caused by
improper decomposition or Retting of Jute.
 Specky /Spotted fiber: Improper retting and
washing causes foreign materials to stuck
with the fiber and spot is created.
 Croppy fiber: The fibers at the top of the
plant become sticky and rough. If the plants
don’t immerse in to the water properly while
retting can cause this problem.
 Weak fiber: Over retting, bundling in wet
condition and storing for long time reduces
fiber strength can cause this problem

14. Sticky fiber: If fiber is collected from immature
plant the stick of the plant may come with the fiber
while fiber collection.
Knotty fiber: This problem is caused by insects
which causes difficulty in fiber collection.
Dead fiber: Over ageing, over retting or storing
wet fiber for long time reduces fiber strength, color.
Hunka fiber: Hard and strong cuticle or outer layer
of the plant can cause this problem to the jute fiber.
Mossy fiber
Heart damage
Transit or exterior damage

15. USAGE OF JUTE
 Bags and sacks for packing almost all kinds
of agricultural produces, minerals, cement etc.
 Packs for packing wool and cotton
 Wrapping materials/ Fabrics
 Carrier and backing fabric for carpet and
linoleum
 Cordage and twines
 Webbing to cover inner springs in autoseats and upholster furniture
 Cargo separator in ship

16.  Cloth foe mine ventilation and partition
 Filling material in cable
 Roofing and Floor covering apparel
 Footwear lining
 Wall covering and furnishing fabric
 Soil erosion control fabric and many more

19. Thank you