This document discusses using social theory in qualitative health research. It explores whether social theory should be viewed as a framework or lens in qualitative research. The document examines how social theory can inform inquiry by inspiring new perspectives or helping with interpretation. It also provides an example of how Pierre Bourdieu's social theory could be applied to study attrition in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Specifically, it discusses how his concepts of habitus, field and capital could provide new ways to examine gender differences in program participation and lifestyle changes.