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This document discusses various aspects of research methodology and design. It asks the reader to reflect on their beliefs and biases. It distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative approaches, noting that quantitative research aims to identify universal laws through precise measurements while qualitative research seeks deep understanding of human behavior in context. The document outlines differences in deductive vs inductive reasoning and provides an overview of key steps in the research process including problem definition, literature review, objectives, and presenting findings. It emphasizes starting research with a well-defined question or topic and generating ideas through exploring options and using concept mapping.
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Finding a research topic
Hussein Sabit, PhD is an associate professor of molecular genetics and vice dean for community services at the College of Biotechnology. The document discusses various aspects of conducting research including defining a research problem, formulating research questions, different types of research (exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, predictive, pure, applied, theoretical, empirical), and the research process. It provides guidelines for selecting a topic, stating the problem, dividing it into subproblems, and checking if a question is suitable for research. The document emphasizes selecting an interesting, significant problem that can be solved given available resources and without ethical issues.
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The formulation of a research problem is the most crucial part of the research journey as the quality and relevance of your research project entirely depends upon it.
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Problem Formulation
A problem formulation defines the problem that a report aims to investigate. It can be a question, description of an issue to analyze, or hypothesis to test. There are three main types: what questions describe a problem, why questions explain it, and how questions seek to solve it. An example problem formulation looks at a company struggling to integrate new employees, and formulates what, why, and how questions to understand and address the challenges faced early in new employees' tenure.
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The document provides information on defining a research problem, including:
- Conducting a background survey to justify the choice of research area and need for the study.
- Narrowing the broad problem area to specific issues by beginning with broad questions and focusing to operationalize the study.
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- Narrowing the broad problem area to specific issues by beginning with broad questions and focusing to operationalize the study.
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Learn More: https://bit.ly/2CNX72W
Contact Us:
UK NO: +44-1143520021
India No: +91-8754446690
Email: info@phdassistance.com
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Chap3_ business reaserch
This document discusses research problems and problem statements. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. A problem statement describes an issue that needs to be addressed and provides context for a research study. The document outlines the key elements of a research problem, including developing a research question, hypotheses, specific aims, and research design. It also discusses the scientific method, types of research, qualitative vs. quantitative approaches, and the distinctions between research and evaluation.
Lecture 01 & 02 (Research Basics).ppt
Research involves systematically and logically investigating questions or problems in an organized fashion. It can involve collecting facts through various methods like observation, surveys, and experiments. There are different types of reasoning used in research like induction, deduction, and scientific inquiry. A good research process identifies a problem, formulates a hypothesis, designs a methodology to test the hypothesis, collects and analyzes data, and interprets results to draw conclusions. Selecting an appropriate research problem requires considering factors like the researcher's interest, capabilities, and whether the problem is feasible, worthwhile, and makes an original contribution.
Lecture 4--Research Questions I
The document discusses different types of research goals and questions. It provides definitions and examples of exploratory, nomothetic, ideographic, descriptive, correlational, and explanatory research. It also discusses attributes of good research questions such as being narrow, specific, answerable, and addressing a practical problem. The document emphasizes developing research questions from broad topics and outlines criteria and resources to consider when formulating questions.
Research questions and research design
Normative Research Director Rebecca Pardo gave a series of presentations as an internal "workshop" with the Normative team to discuss research in a design context. This is the first of the series.
What is research? Dr Ryan Thomas Williams
Not just finding things out! Goal is to address one or a few very specific questions.
To be research it must
1. Involve a systematic inquiry/investigation
2. Be informed by theory
3. Answer specific questions
4. Contribute to knowledge
Many diverse approaches reflecting varied philosophical frameworks
Approach may be induction (creating theory) or deduction (testing relationships implied by existing theory)
Due Dec 8Setting Up Your ResearchRead and answer the questions hig.docx
Due Dec 8Setting Up Your Research
Read and answer the questions highlighted in color of yellow 150 to 200 words and then answer the additional question in blue all others highlighted in yellow
Respond to the following exercises from Chapter One of The Literature Review in 150 to 200 words each. For the Additional Question, record the research and null hypotheses for your project. Post References if used
· Exercise 1.1: Discovering the Subject of Your Interest or Issue of Inquiry
· Exercise 1.2: Understanding the Personal Viewpoint
· Exercise 1.3: Selecting the Focus of Your Study
· Exercise 1.5: Developing Your Interest Statement
Additional Question: What are your research and null hypotheses?
Chapter One
Step One: Select a Topic
Task 1. Choose a Research Interest
Most applied research begins by selecting an everyday problem,
interest, or concern for further study. Selecting an interest for study
needs great care and forethought. As the opening quote says: “Hoe
in haste, harvest in tears.” Selecting a suitable interest for research is
critical to the success of the project. This search begins with personal
reflection that uncovers an interest.
Research interests come mainly from the researcher’s curiosity.
Various professional and public settings provide the context for theseconcerns and present fruitful opportunities for the discovery of a formal
research topic. If one’s own introspection does not provide an
issue, other avenues are available. Topic suggestions can come from
experts knowledgeable in the academic disciplines or from those who
are skilled practitioners in the field. Perhaps reading various academic
and professional trade journals can uncover areas for further
research. Frequently, journal articles include suggestions for further
research. Tapping into media and professional association reports
about current issues will also uncover research alternatives. Also, the
current national, state, or local debates and initiatives concerning
your professional field can become research interests. Finally, you
can seek issues from your applied field.
Next, identify and use the scientific principles or theories of
your chosen area to address the issue. For example, what theories
in cognitive psychology speak to the developmental learning
abilities of students? What does sociological theory predict about
group behavior? How does cultural anthropological theory provide
an understanding about the culture of the work community?
The theoretical models in the various social sciences can always
provide new insights. In fact, there are many places to find
research interests. The following provides a summary of possible
Exercises
Throughout this text, you will find a series of exercises to help in
the various tasks of developing a literature review. The first four
exercises in this chapter employ free writes. A free write is spontaneous
writing done without reference to notes or outlines. Its purpose is
to explore what you have already int ...
MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_selecting_a_problem_and_reviewing_the_research
The document discusses selecting a research problem and reviewing literature. It advises choosing a problem that interests you and is doable. Falling in love with your first idea can be risky, so consider alternatives. Review general sources to explore topics before examining secondary sources that summarize research and primary sources with specific studies. Carefully evaluate research by considering factors like the problem, hypotheses, methods, and results. Ethical research requires protecting participants and obtaining informed consent. The literature review should have a unified theme and be organized with an outline.
BAGAIMANA MENGENALPASTI PERMASALAHAN KAJIAN??
The document provides guidance on how to identify and define a research problem. It discusses the key elements of a research problem statement, including describing the ideal situation, current reality, and consequences of not addressing the problem. Some important sources of research problems are one's own experiences, deductions from theory, and gaps found in related literature. The problem statement should have a clear topic and be narrowed down through reviewing literature. Determining whether a problem is worth researching involves considering if it advances knowledge, contributes to practice, and fills gaps in existing research. The document outlines steps for writing a problem statement and differentiates a research problem from other aspects of a study like the topic, purpose, and research questions. It also compares quantitative and qualitative purpose statements
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis
This document discusses developing good research questions and formulating hypotheses. It provides guidelines for creating clear, focused research questions, including making them relevant, manageable, substantial and original. It also discusses sources of research questions, such as observations, preliminary research, and literature. The document outlines steps for developing a research question, including choosing a topic, evaluating potential questions, and considering the audience. It then covers characteristics of a good hypothesis, such as being testable, parsimonious, and related to existing theory. The hypothesis should be stated as a one-sentence prediction to be tested through research.
introduction to research-2023.ppt
This document provides an introduction and overview of research methods. It outlines the aim and objectives of the course which are to give participants an appreciation of the research process and enable them to describe research, prepare proposals, design instruments, collect and analyze data, and write reports. It defines research and describes the importance of research being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. It also discusses the different types of research including basic research, applied research, and evaluation research. The document outlines the overall research process and covers topics such as identifying research areas, the qualities of a good topic, research philosophies including epistemology and axiology, and the different methodologies of quantitative and qualitative research.
RM UNIT 1.pdf
The document discusses key elements and steps of the research process. It begins by defining research and different types of research problems. It then outlines the seven steps of the research process: 1) identifying a research problem, 2) formulating a hypothesis, 3) reviewing related literature, 4) preparing a research design, 5) conducting actual experimentation, 6) analyzing results and discussion, and 7) formulating conclusions and recommendations. The document also discusses types of research including exploratory, descriptive, and causal research. It concludes by outlining key elements that should be included in any research paper such as an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, body, results, discussion, conclusion, and citations.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH PROBLEM PRESENTATION WITH GAMES
-SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-TOPIC IDENTIFICATION
-ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
-CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH PROBLEM
selection of a research problem.ppt
1. The document discusses the importance of properly selecting and formulating a research problem. It explains that formulating a research problem identifies gaps and avenues that have not been explored by previous researchers.
2. The document provides guidance on how to identify an appropriate research problem through various methods such as reviewing literature, observing problems in the field, and formulating researchable questions. It also discusses how to narrow a research topic and evaluate the feasibility of a potential research problem.
3. Key aspects of a good research problem that are highlighted include being novel, relevant, ethical, and having potential value and publishability. The research problem should also be interesting, impactful, and manageable within available resources.
Definition and types of research
This document provides an overview of key concepts in research methodology, including:
1. It defines research as an organized and systematic process of finding answers to questions through a defined set of steps and procedures.
2. It discusses different types of research including quantitative, qualitative, basic, applied, longitudinal, descriptive, classification, comparative, exploratory, explanatory, causal, theory testing, and theory building research.
3. It also discusses alternatives to research-based knowledge such as relying on authority, tradition, common sense, media, and personal experience.
odisee.pptx
1) Developing a good research question is a time-consuming process that may require iterating and getting feedback from others. It is important to choose a question that is relevant, original, and rigorous.
2) A relevant research question addresses an issue that matters to potential beneficiaries. An original question investigates a new area not already covered by previous research.
3) A rigorous research question is specific and fits the planned research design and methodology. Frameworks like PICO(C)(T)(T) can help develop a well-defined question that considers population, intervention, outcomes, and other elements. Getting feedback from other researchers is also valuable.
Research seminar lecture_7_criteria_good_research
This document provides an overview and review of key aspects of educational research. It discusses what educational research is and the main types of research. It outlines the typical steps in conducting research, including identifying a research problem, conducting a literature review, developing research questions and hypotheses, identifying needed data, data collection methods, data analysis, findings, discussion, and conclusions. Good research is defined as having a sound rationale, clear aims, a relevant theoretical basis, well-defined research questions, an appropriate methodology, contributions to the field, and consistency between all steps. Typical mistakes include having too much background and too little on the specific current research, as well as weaknesses in feasibility or scope.
What is research?
The document discusses key concepts in research including:
- Research involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to increase understanding of a phenomenon.
- It begins with identifying a problem and reviewing literature, then specifying a purpose and interpreting information.
- Common methodologies are quantitative, which tests theories through large samples and standardized instruments, and qualitative, which builds theories through small samples, observations and interviews.
Getting a Head Start with Your Thesis Proposal
This document provides guidance on developing a successful thesis proposal. It discusses analyzing proposal requirements, developing a strong research question, and gaining resources for the proposal project. It emphasizes conceptualizing the project before starting and demonstrating an understanding of discipline-specific research. Key elements of a proposal are identified as the inquiry, background, purpose, and methodology. Tips are provided on finding guidelines, refining the research question, locating it within the field of research, and managing the overall thesis process and proposal writing.
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles: a quantitative methods article and a qualitative methods article. These do not need to be on the same topic, but if you have a research topic in mind for your proposal (see Assessment 5), you may wish to pick something similar for this assessment. Read each article carefully.
Then, in a 2–3-page assessment, address the following elements:
1 Summarize the research question and hypothesis, the research methods, and the overall findings.
2 Compare the research methodologies used in each study. In what ways are the methodologies similar? In what ways are they different? (Be sure to use the technical psychological terms we are studying.)
3 Describe the sample and sample size for each study. Which one used a larger sample and why? How were participants selected?
4 Describe the data collection process for each study. What methods were used to collect the data? Surveys? Observations? Interviews? Be specific and discuss the instruments or measures fully—what do they measure? How is the test designed?
5 Summarize the data analysis process for each study. How was the data analyzed? Were statistics used? Were interviews coded?
6 In conclusion, craft 1–2 paragraphs explaining how these two articles illustrate the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research.
Additional Requirements
· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Your assessment should be formatted according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting.
· Length: A typical response will be 2–3 typed and double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
Research Methods
There are many different types of research studies, and the type of study that is done depends very much on the research question. Some studies demand strictly numerical data, such as a comparison of GPA among different college majors or weight loss among different types of eating programs. Others require more in-depth data, like interview responses. Such studies might include the lived experience of people that have been through a terrorist attack or understanding the experience of being physically disabled on a college campus. While there are a number of different types of studies that can be done, all of them fall under two basic categories: quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research deals with numerical data. This means that any topic you study in a quantitative study must be quantifiable—grades, weight, height, depression, and intelligence are all things that can be quantified on some scale of measurement. Quantitative data is often considered hard data—numbers are seen as concrete, irrefutable evidence, but we have to take into account a number of factors that could impact such data. Errors in measurement and recording of such data, as well as the influence of other factors outside those in the study, make for ...
Research problem
A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction, or gap in knowledge that you will aim to address in your research.
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Due Dec 8Setting Up Your ResearchRead and answer the questions hig.docx
Due Dec 8Setting Up Your ResearchRead and answer the questions hig.docx
MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_selecting_a_problem_and_reviewing_the_research
MELJUN CORTES research seminar_1_selecting_a_problem_and_reviewing_the_research
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
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Presentation2
- 1. What is your belief ? and Research proposal IBM 208 Win Singphatanakul
- 2. Ask yourself first ? Do you believe in that there is always a single answer for every question? Or Multiple answers? Are you an unbiased or biased person ? Do you view the reality as “Objective” something that can be measured objectively. Do you view the reality as “Human construction” where there is no single answer and the reality cannot be measured. Do you feel that to find out the answer in the research do you need to interact with the subject or not to interact with the subject?
- 3. Qualitative or Quantitative Are you qualitative or quantitative person? Two main concepts Positivist (Quantitative) sees reality as a concrete structure “God has a plan for you” Interpretivist (Qualitative) sees reality as a projection of human imagination “Multiple answers and choices exist in the world”
- 4. Quantitative as positivist Good quantitative research is seen as precise measurements, statistical analysis and verifiable truth. The main aim of positivist is to identify universal laws of human behaviour so that we can control and predict events
- 5. Qualitative as interpretivist Qualitative researcher believes that human are complex, somewhat unpredictable. The role of the research is seen to be the deep understanding of human behaviour The aim of Qualitative research is to discover how humans construct meanings in their contextual setting.
- 6. The differences between the two Quantitative research is based on deductive reasoning. Qualitative research involves inductive reasoning
- 7. Deductive and Inductive Deductive: Researcher begins with a theoretical proposition and then moves towards concrete empirical evidence Inductive Is a process by which we observe certain phenomena and arrive at certain conclusion. The researcher begins with detailed observations of the world and moves towards more theoretical generalization and ideas.
- 8. Research Simple rules Before conducting a Management research, you have to look at the problem critically Can you do it ? If so, where will you find the date? Even if the data Exist, can you get access to them? Presuming that you have access to the data, what will you do with them after they are in your possession ?
- 9. The research process There 11 steps in research process Catalyst for research Preliminary information gathering and literature survey Problem definition Framework Development Research Objectives Research design Data collection Data analysis Interpretation of findings Report preparation and presentation Management Action
- 10. Problem definition: Defining your topic Define the topic: what are you focusing on? Youth suicide, Environmental, etc. Define the nature of the research: Is your aim to discover, explore, explain, describe. Or compare Define the questions you are interested in: Whether you are interested in what, where, how when, why. Indicate what you are exploring Whether you are looking for impacts, increases, decreases, relationships, correlations, causes etc. Set the boundaries When you face with an interesting ideas that might be related to your research, ask yourself “What does this have to do with my questions”
- 11. Defining Topic What if you are not even sure about the topic area? You have no idea what interests to pursue? You are not ALONE….. You should start with generating ideas by honing your curiosity, using your creativity and exploring your options. The best way is using concept map (mind map) Another way is….. to come and see me
- 12. Research proposal 1. The working title of your project 2. Author 3. Anticipated outputs (whichever are relevant): 4. Intended readers (can include markers or examiners) 5. What is the central question your project will pose? 1. What is the answer it will provide? 2. If your readers had only one sentence to summarise your project, what would it be? 6. Why will you do the work? 1. What will you do? 2. What will be the results? 3. What can your project add to theory? 4. What can your project add to practice? 7. What might remain unresolved?
- 13. Research proposal (cont.) Research Objectives Is the problem or opportunity worth ongoing investigation?-(Justification) Literature Review Problem Definition Are you following me ?
- 14. What is literature review? The purpose of literature review is to help researchers narrow down the research questions and know what to look for. Therefore the researchers can Inform readers of developments in the field Establish your own credibility Argue the need for, and relevance of, their study Good Literature review usually leads logically to a good problem statement.
- 15. Group Discussion Discuss this question “What are the component of quality of life?” – Think about how would you approach to answer this question? – What would be the objective of this question? – Is this question worth on going investigation? – Who will read this research? – What type of literature you would look into? – What is the nature of the research? – What are you exploring? Are looking for impacts, increases, decreases, relationships, correlations, causes? – What is the answer it will provide? – What can your project add to practice? – Any difficulties in conducting this research? – What might remain unresolved?
Editor's Notes
- Show figure 2.1 page 36 and show table 2.1 page 35 about the different approach
- Show Research design Circle