Jamming aware traffic allocation for multiple-path routing using portfolio selection.
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Multiple-path source routing protocols allow a data source node to distribute the total traffic among available paths. we consider the problem of jamming-aware source routing in which the source node performs traffic allocation based on empirical jamming statistics at individual network nodes. We formulate this traffic allocation as a lossy network flow optimization problem using portfolio selection theory from financial statistics. We show that in multisource networks, this centralized optimization problem can be solved using a distributed algorithm based on decomposition in network utility maximization (NUM). We demonstrate the network's ability to estimate the impact of jamming and incorporate these estimates into the traffic allocation problem. Finally, we simulate the achievable throughput using our proposed traffic allocation method in several scenarios.
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An Efficient and Stable Routing Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is mainly designed to set up communication among devices in infrastructure-less wireless communication network. Routing in this kind of communication network is highly affected by its restricted characteristics such as frequent topological changes and limited battery power. Several research works have been carried out to improve routing performance in MANET. However, the overall performance enhancement in terms of packet delivery, delay and control message overhead is still not come into the wrapping up. In order to overcome the addressed issues, an Efficient and Stable-AODV (EFST-AODV) routing scheme has been proposed which is an improvement over AODV to establish a better quality route between source and destination. In this method, we have modified the route request and route reply phase. During the route request phase, cost metric of a route is calculated on the basis of parameters such as residual energy, delay and distance. In a route reply phase, average residual energy and average delay of overall path is calculated and the data forwarding decision is taken at the source node accordingly. Simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed approach gives better results in terms of packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, normalized routing load and control message overhead as compared to AODV.
MAR SECURITY: IMPROVED SECURITY MECHANISM FOR EMERGENCY MESSAGES OF VANET USI...
Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is one of the emerging technologies for research community to get various research challenges to construct secured framework for autonomous vehicular communication. The prime concern of this technology is to provide efficient data communication among registered vehicle nodes. The several research ideas are implemented practically to improve overall communication in VANETs by considering security and privacy as major aspects of VANETs. Several mechanisms have been implemented using cryptography algorithms and methodologies. However, these mechanisms provide a solution only for some restricted environments and to limited security threats. Hence, the proposed novel mechanism has been introduced, implemented and tested using key management technique. It provides secured network environment for VANET and its components. Later, this mechanism provides security for data packets of emergency messages using cryptography mechanism. Hence, the proposed novel mechanism is named Group Key Management & Cryptography Schemes (GKMC). The experimental analysis shows significant improvements in the network performance to provide security and privacy for emergency messages. This GKMC mechanism will help the VANET user’s to perform secured emergency message communication in network environment.
Concept of node usage probability from complex networks and its applications ...
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A Systematic Review of Congestion Control in Ad Hoc Network
A Systematic Review of Congestion Control in Ad Hoc NetworkInternational Journal of Engineering Inventions www.ijeijournal.com
Congestion is said to occur in the network when the resource demands exceed the capacity and packets are lost due to too much queuing in the network. During congestion, the network throughput may drop to zero and the path delay may become very high. A congestion control scheme helps the network to recover from the congestion state. In fact, security plays a vital role in Wireless Ad hoc network. This paper presents a systematic literature review to provide comprehensive and unbiased information about various current model Congestion Control conceptions, proposals, problems and solutions in Ad hoc for safety transportation. For this purpose, a total of 33 articles related to the security model in Congestion Control published between 2008 and 2013 were extracted from the most relevant scientific sources (IEEE Computer Society, ACM Digital Library, Springer Link and Science Direct). However, 18 articles were eventually analyzed due to several reasons such as relevancy and comprehensiveness of discussion presented in the articles. Using the systematic method of review, this paper succeeds to reveal the main security threats and Error control, challenges for security, security requirement in Congestion Control in Wireless Ad hoc network (CCWAN) and future research within this scope.Throughput Maximization using Spatial Reusability in Multi Hop Wireless Network
Energy is a valuable resource in wireless networks. For many multi hop networking scenarios, nodes require power for performing their operation, so requiring capable power management to make certain connectivity across the network. Though when wireless networks are attached outside power source due to obstruction between lively links the network may demand excessive energy per unit time Power due to this the overall performance is reduced. Since network life time or network capacity is depend on the power efficiency, many efforts to study energy efficient networks in the wireless network community. In multi hop wireless networks well organized routing algorithms are significant for network performance. We dispute that by carefully considering spatial reusability of the wireless communication media, we can reduce the overhead in multi hop wireless networks. To support our argument, propose Broadcast Tree Construction BTC and compare them with existing routing and multi path routing protocols, respectively. Our estimate outcome shows that proposed protocols significantly improve the end to end throughput compared with existing protocols. We also introduce the sleep scheduling approach for energy consumption and hybrid cryptography for security of data that can be prevent the data leakage and jammer attacks. Twinkal P. Dudhagawali | Prof. L. K. Gautam | Prof. V. P. Vaidya ""Throughput Maximization using Spatial Reusability in Multi Hop Wireless Network"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23489.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/23489/throughput-maximization-using-spatial-reusability-in-multi-hop-wireless-network/twinkal-p-dudhagawali
Mobile elements scheduling for periodic sensor applications
In this paper, we investigate the problem of designing the mobile elements tours such that the length of each tour is below a per-determined length and the depth of the multi-hop routing trees bounded by k. The path of the mobile element is designed to visit subset of the nodes (cache points). These cache points store other nodes data. To address this problem, we propose two heuristic-based solutions. Our solutions take into consideration the distribution of the nodes during the establishment of the tour. The results of our experiments indicate that our schemes significantly outperforms the best comparable scheme in the literature.
Novel Position Estimation using Differential Timing Information for Asynchron...
Positioning techniques have been a common objective since the early development of wireless networks. However, current positioning methods in cellular networks, for instance, are still primarily focused on the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which has several limitations, like high power drainage and failure in indoor scenarios. This study introduces a novel approach employing standard LTE signaling in order to provide high accuracy positioning estimation. The proposed technique is designed in analogy to the human sound localization system, eliminating the need of having information from three spatially diverse Base Stations (BSs). This is inspired by the perfect human 3D sound localization with two ears. A field study is carried out in a dense urban city to verify the accuracy of the proposed technique, with more than 20 thousand measurement samples collected. The achieved positioning accuracy is meeting the latest Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirements in the planner dimension.
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...
Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a special kind of network, where all of the nodes move in time. Node is intended to help relaying packets of neighboring nodes using multi-hop routing mechanism in order to solve problem of dead communication. MANET which engages broadcasting and contains multiple hops becomes increasingly vulnerable to problems such as mobile node’s energy degradation, routing problem and rapid increasing of overhead packets. This paper provides an extensive study of energy consumption in the MANET that consists of several network areas with the presence agents. Agents will minimize number of hops and its affect in linearity with the delay. As nodes grow, either in data transmission services or coverage of node’s communication or more agents stand in overlapped locations, accordingly data exchange and topology development to adapt the network are becoming an important issue. As a result, agents are needed to support process automation, high-level connectivity and intelligent service on that such environment. We evaluate the agents’ performance and network energy consumption for supporting MANET. The proposed agents provides service packets transmission between networks; e.g. determine appropriate relay nodes dynamically, maintain the transmission between networks through another nodes, share the topology knowledge among agents, and route packets between source and final destination that are unable to communicate directly. The achievement on research with this approach is conducted via simulation study. A similar network without agents is presented to derive such referential bounds by using appropriate functions of network agents. The proposed algorithm is confirmed with composite simulation results.
Robustness Analysis of Buffer Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Mesh Network
Robustness Analysis of Buffer Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Mesh NetworkAssociation of Scientists, Developers and Faculties
Wireless Mesh Network rose as a promising innovation for providing quick and productive communication for which numerous algorithms have been proposed in networking infrastructure. For routing there are various performance parameters such as throughput, network congestion, resiliency, fairness, robustness, network jitter, delay, stability, optimality, simplicity, completeness etc. Robustness provides the capability to deal with all the failures that come across during the connection in the network to increase the network performance. In this paper we have studied and analyzed three algorithms namely on robustness parameter Resilient multicasting [2], Resilient Opportunistic Mesh Routing for Wireless Mesh Network (ROMER) [3], and Buffer Based Routing (BBR) [4], in Wireless Mesh Networks. Analysis through various parameters such as network congestion, network throughput and resiliency [5], shows network performance of BBR is better.Ieee transactions 2018 on wireless communications Title and Abstract
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Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) consists of wireless stations that are connected with each other in a semi-static configuration. Depending on the configuration of a WMN, different paths between nodes offer different levels of efficiency. One areas of research with regard to WMN is cost minimization. A Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) approach was used to optimize cost. However, minimized cost does not
guarantee network performance. This paper thus, modified the minimization function to take into consideration the distance between the different nodes so as to enable better performance while maintaining cost balance. The results were positive with the PDR showing an approximate increase of 17.83% whereas the E2E delay saw an approximate decrease of 8.33%.
Review on design of advanced opportunistics routing in manet
This document discusses mobile ad hoc networks and opportunistic routing. It provides background on MANETs, including their definition as temporary networks formed without infrastructure between wireless mobile nodes. It also covers applications of MANETs and challenges like mobility and link quality. The document introduces opportunistic routing as a forwarding technique for unpredictable MANET topologies. It reviews related work analyzing opportunistic routing and discusses using fuzzy logic to improve routing stability and availability in MANETs. The proposed work is to implement a fuzzy routing mechanism on the AODV protocol to optimize link availability and evaluate performance metrics like throughput and delay.
Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection Approach in WSN
In recent years, limited resources of user products and energy-saving are recognized as the major challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Clustering is a practical technique that can reduce all energy consumption and provide stability of workload that causes a larger difference in energy depletion among other nodes and cluster heads (CHs). In addition, clustering is the solution of energy-efficient for maximizing the network longevity and improvising energy efficiency. In this paper, a novel OCE-CHS (Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection) approach for sensor nodes is represented to improvise the packet success ratio and reduce the average energy-dissipation. The main contribution of this paper is categorized into two processes, first, the clustering algorithm is improvised that periodically chooses the optimal set of the CHs according to the speed of the average node and average-node energy. This is considerably distinguished from node-based clustering that utilizes a distributed clustering algorithm to choose CHs based on the speed of the current node and remaining node energy. Second, more than one factor is assumed for the detached node to join the optimal cluster. In the result section, we discuss our clustering protocols implementation of optimal CH-selection to evade the death of SNs, maximizing throughput, and further improvise the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption.
Computing localized power efficient data
1. The document proposes localized, self-organizing, and energy-efficient data aggregation tree approaches called Localized Power-Efficient Data Aggregation Protocols (L-PEDAPs) for sensor networks.
2. L-PEDAPs are based on topologies like LMST and RNG that can approximate a minimum spanning tree using only local neighbor information. The routing tree is constructed over these topologies.
3. Route maintenance procedures are included to handle node failures or additions while prioritizing remaining power levels to maximize network lifetime. Simulation results show L-PEDAPs perform nearly as well as centralized solutions for network lifetime.
Adaptive Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: QoS Optimisation for Enhanced A...
The document describes a new routing protocol called Route Optimization and Load-balancing (ROL) for wireless sensor networks. ROL aims to balance several objectives like prolonging network lifetime, providing timely message delivery, and improving network robustness. It uses a combination of routing metrics that can be configured according to application priorities to optimize overall network performance. Simulation results show that ROL maintains balanced cluster sizes and populations, reduces overhead, end-to-end delays, and improves data delivery ratios compared to other protocols like Mires++.
ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING WITH UNEQUAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR WIREL...
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new routing protocol called Energy-efficient Multi-hop routing with Unequal Clustering (EMUC) for wireless sensor networks. EMUC aims to balance energy consumption between nodes and extend network lifetime by using unequal clustering and multi-hop communication. It creates clusters of different sizes based on distance from the base station. Data is transmitted from cluster members to heads, and between heads to the base station, using multiple hops to reduce transmission costs. Simulation results show EMUC balances energy usage, mitigates hotspot issues, and significantly prolongs network lifetime compared to other clustering routing protocols.
A CELLULAR BONDING AND ADAPTIVE LOAD BALANCING BASED MULTI-SIM GATEWAY FOR MO...
As it is well known, the QoS(quality of service) provided by mobile Internet access point devices is far from
the QoS level offered by the common ADSL modem-router due to several reasons: in fact, mobile Internet
access networks are not designed to support real-time data traffic because of several drawbacks
concerning the wireless medium such as resource sharing, traffic congestion, radio link coverage etc.,
which impact directly such parameters as delay, jitter, and packet loss rate that are strictly connected to
the quality of user experience. The main scope of the present paper is to introduce a dual USIM HSPA
gateway for ad hoc and sensors networks thanks to which it will be possible to guarantee a QoS suitable
for a series of network-centric application such as real-time communications and monitoring, video
surveillance, real-time sensor networks, telemedicine, vehicular and mobile sensor networks and so on. The
main idea is to exploit multiple radio access networks in order to enhance the available end-to-end
bandwidth and the perceived quality of experience. The scope has been reached by combining multiple
radio access with dynamic load balancing and the VPN (virtual private network) bond technique.
Algorithmic Construction of Optimal and Load Balanced Clusters in Wireless Se...
This paper proposes a clustering algorithm - Ba-lanced Minimum Radius Clustering (BMRC) - for use in large scale, distributed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Cluster balancing is an intractable problem to solve in a distributed manner, and distribution is important, by reason of both avoiding specialised node vulnerability and minimising message overhead.The BMRC algorithm described here distributes several of the cluster balancing functions to the cluster-heads. In proposing this algorithm, several tentative claims have been made for it, namely that it is suitable for arbitrary number of cluster heads; that its pecifies a way to elect cluster heads and use them to create the local models; that it accomplishes optimal balanced clusters in distributed manner; that it is scalable and it uses the number-of-hops as a clustering parameter; that it is energy efficient. These claims were studied and verified by simulation.
Congestion control, routing, and scheduling 2015
This document summarizes a research paper about congestion control, routing, and scheduling in wireless networks with interference cancellation capabilities. It discusses using successive interference cancellation (SIC) to allow multiple concurrent transmissions and increase network capacity. The paper formulates the joint congestion control, routing, and scheduling problem and solves it in a distributed manner using dual decomposition. It develops a decentralized algorithm for link scheduling under the physical SINR interference model that coordinates local transmissions and achieves similar results to centralized greedy maximal scheduling. The paper evaluates the performance gains from SIC and shows that network flows can achieve up to twice their rates compared to networks without interference cancellation.
ENERGY EFFICIENT NODE RANK-BASED ROUTING ALGORITHM IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an emerging technology, infrastructure less with self-organizing, selfhealing, multi-hop wireless routing networks in real time. In such networks, many routing problems arise due to complexity in the network mobility which results from difficulty in achieving energy efficient routing
in the field of MANET. Due to the dynamic nature and the limited battery energy of the mobile nodes, the communication links between intermediate relay nodes may fail frequently, thus affecting the routing performance of the network and also the availability of the nodes. Though existing protocols are not
concentrating about communication links and battery energy, node links are very important factor for improving quality of routing protocols because Node Rank helps us to determine whether the node is within transmission range or out of transmission range through considering residual energy of the node during the routing process. This paper proposes a novel Energy Efficient Node Rank-based Routing (EENRR)
algorithm which includes certain performance metrics such as control overhead and residual energy in order to improve the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and Network Life Time (NLT) from its originally observed routing performance obtained through other existing protocols. Simulation results show that, when the number of nodes increases from 10 to 100 nodes, EENRR algorithm increases the average residual energy by 31.08% and 21.26% over the existing Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Energy Efficient Delay Time Routing (EEDTR) protocols, respectively. Similarly it increases the PDR by 45.38% and 28.3% over the existing DSR and EEDTR protocols respectively.
What's hot (20)
An Efficient and Stable Routing Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
An Efficient and Stable Routing Algorithm in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
MAR SECURITY: IMPROVED SECURITY MECHANISM FOR EMERGENCY MESSAGES OF VANET USI...
MAR SECURITY: IMPROVED SECURITY MECHANISM FOR EMERGENCY MESSAGES OF VANET USI...
Concept of node usage probability from complex networks and its applications ...
Concept of node usage probability from complex networks and its applications ...
A Systematic Review of Congestion Control in Ad Hoc Network
A Systematic Review of Congestion Control in Ad Hoc Network
Throughput Maximization using Spatial Reusability in Multi Hop Wireless Network
Throughput Maximization using Spatial Reusability in Multi Hop Wireless Network
Mobile elements scheduling for periodic sensor applications
Mobile elements scheduling for periodic sensor applications
Novel Position Estimation using Differential Timing Information for Asynchron...
Novel Position Estimation using Differential Timing Information for Asynchron...
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...
Energy Consumption in Ad Hoc Network With Agents Minimizing the Number of Hop...
Robustness Analysis of Buffer Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Mesh Network
Robustness Analysis of Buffer Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Mesh Network
Ieee transactions 2018 on wireless communications Title and Abstract
Ieee transactions 2018 on wireless communications Title and Abstract
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...
Improvement at Network Planning using Heuristic Algorithm to Minimize Cost of...
Review on design of advanced opportunistics routing in manet
Review on design of advanced opportunistics routing in manet
Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection Approach in WSN
Optimized Cluster Establishment and Cluster-Head Selection Approach in WSN
Adaptive Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: QoS Optimisation for Enhanced A...
Adaptive Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: QoS Optimisation for Enhanced A...
ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING WITH UNEQUAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR WIREL...
ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-HOP ROUTING WITH UNEQUAL CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR WIREL...
A CELLULAR BONDING AND ADAPTIVE LOAD BALANCING BASED MULTI-SIM GATEWAY FOR MO...
A CELLULAR BONDING AND ADAPTIVE LOAD BALANCING BASED MULTI-SIM GATEWAY FOR MO...
Algorithmic Construction of Optimal and Load Balanced Clusters in Wireless Se...
Algorithmic Construction of Optimal and Load Balanced Clusters in Wireless Se...
ENERGY EFFICIENT NODE RANK-BASED ROUTING ALGORITHM IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
ENERGY EFFICIENT NODE RANK-BASED ROUTING ALGORITHM IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
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Spatial reusability aware routing in multi-hop wireless networks
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Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) for Wireless Multimedia Sensor...
Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) for Wireless Multimedia Sensor...AIRCC Publishing Corporation
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)have sensor nodes that sense and extract information from surrounding environment, processing information locally then transmit it to sink wirelessly. Multimedia data is larger in volume than scalar data, thus transmitting multimedia data via Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) requires stick constraints on quality of services in terms of energy, throughput and end to end delay.Multipath routing is to discover multipath during route discovery from source to sink. Discover multipath and sending data via these different paths improve the bandwidth and decrease the end to end delay. This paper introduces an Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) which is reactive multipath routing protocol establishing three paths with awareness of node’s residual energy and distance. ELARP has experimented with NS2 simulator. The simulation results show that ELARP enhances QoS for multimedia data in terms of end to end delay and packet delivery ratio.ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)have sensor nodes that sense and extract information from surrounding
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)have sensor nodes that sense and extract information from surrounding environment, processing information locally then transmit it to sink wirelessly. Multimedia data is larger in volume than scalar data, thus transmitting multimedia data via Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) requires stick constraints on quality of services in terms of energy, throughput and end to end delay.Multipath routing is to discover multipath during route discovery from source to sink. Discover multipath and sending data via these different paths improve the bandwidth and decrease the end to end delay. This paper introduces an Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) which is reactive multipath routing protocol establishing three paths with awareness of node’s residual energy and distance. ELARP has experimented with NS2 simulator. The simulation results show that ELARP enhances QoS for multimedia data in terms of end to end delay and packet delivery ratio.RASPBERRY PI AND ARDUINO UNO WORKING TOGETHER AS A BASIC METEOROLOGICAL STATION
RASPBERRY PI AND ARDUINO UNO WORKING TOGETHER AS A BASIC METEOROLOGICAL STATIONAIRCC Publishing Corporation
The present paper describes a novel Raspberry Pi and Arduino UNO architecture used as a meteorological station. One of the advantages of the proposed architecture is the huge quantity of sensors developed for its usage; practically one can find them for any application, and weather sensing is not an exception. The principle followed is to configure Raspberry as a collector for measures obtained from Arduino, transmitting occurs via USB; meanwhile, Raspberry broadcasts them via a web page. For such activity is possible thanks to Raspbian, a Linux-based operating system. It has a lot of libraries and resources available, among them Apache Web Server, that gives the possibility to host a web-page. On it, the user can observe temperature, humidity, solar radiance, and wind speed and direction. Information on the web-page is refreshed each five minute; however, measurements arrive at Raspberry every ten seconds. This low refreshment rate was determined because weather variables normally do not abruptly change. As an additional feature, system stores all information on the log file, this gives the possibility for future analysis and processing.ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...AIRCC Publishing Corporation
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)have sensor nodes that sense and extract information from surrounding environment, processing information locally then transmit it to sink wirelessly. Multimedia data is larger in volume than scalar data, thus transmitting multimedia data via Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) requires stick constraints on quality of services in terms of energy, throughput and end to end delay. Multipath routing is to discover multipath during route discovery from source to sink. Discover multipath and sending data via these different paths improve the bandwidth and decrease the end to end delay. This paper introduces an Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) which is reactive multipath routing protocol establishing three paths with awareness of node’s residual energy and distance. ELARP has experimented with NS2 simulator. The simulation results show that ELARP enhances QoS for multimedia data in terms of end to end delay and packet delivery ratio.Optimized Traffic Flow over Multipath in Optical Networks
Abstract: In optical networks, the delivery of a traffic flow with a certain bandwidth demand over a single network path is either not possible or not cost-effective. In these cases, it is very often possible to improve the network's bandwidth utilization by splitting the traffic flow over multiple efficient paths. While using multiple paths for the same traffic flow increases the efficiency of the network, it consumes expensive forwarding resources from the network nodes such as wavelengths/light paths of optical networks. The problem of reducing forwarding cost can be defined in two cases such as Routing with Minimum Overhead and Decomposition with Minimum Overhead. For Routing with Minimum Overhead only the traffic demand must be given and for Decomposition with Minimum Overhead both the traffic demand and network flow will be given. For both the problems forwarding cost can be minimized by measuring the number of paths and the number of nodes traversed by these paths.
Mitigating Link Failures & Implementing Security Mechanism in Multipath Flows...
The transmission of a traffic flows with a certain bandwidth demand over a single network path is either not possible or not cost-effective. In these cases, it is veritably periodic usable to improve focus the network's bandwidth appliance by breaking the traffic flow upon multiple qualified paths. Using multiple paths for the equivalent traffic flow increases the certainty of the network, it absorbs deluxe forwarding resources from the
network nodes and also it overcomes link failure provide security. In this paper, we illustrate several problems related to splitting a traffic flow over multiple paths while minimizing the absorption of forwarding resources mitigates failures and implementing security.
A modified approach for secure routing and power aware in mobile ad hoc network
This document presents a dissertation on a modified approach for secure routing and power aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks. It proposes two algorithms: 1) an algorithm to compute node flag values to identify malicious nodes, and 2) an algorithm to compute route energy levels to select higher energy routes. The dissertation evaluates the proposed approach through simulation results showing improvements in energy consumption, packet delivery, routing overhead, throughput, and end delay compared to existing approaches.
Maximizing Efficiency Of multiple–Path Source Routing in Presence of Jammer
This paper explores maximizing the efficiency of multiple-path source routing in the presence of a jammer. It implements jamming-aware traffic allocation based on previous work, relaxing the assumption of in-network inference of variable correlations. The source node allocates traffic to paths based on estimated jamming statistics. Portfolio selection theory is used to optimize throughput. Simulation results using NS2 show the network is capable of jamming-aware allocation that increases throughput compared to ignoring jamming.
Ijetcas14 488
This document discusses different encoding mechanisms that can be used to perform secure communication in sensor networks in an energy-efficient manner. It first discusses routing approaches in sensor networks such as unicast routing, multicast routing, global routing and maze routing. It then examines various error detection techniques like repetition schemes, parity schemes and error-correcting codes. The document goes on to explain different encoding techniques - convolution codes, Hamming codes, Reed Solomon encoding. Convolution codes use shift registers and modulo-2 addition to encode input bits into output bits. Hamming codes are block codes that use a generator matrix to encode data bits into codewords. Reed Solomon encoding is a block encoding scheme that forms codewords by adding parity bits to the data using
Improve MANET network performance using ESPS approach
The document presents a paper on an Efficient Stable Path Selection Approach (ESPS) for improved network performance in mobile ad hoc networks. The paper proposes a new routing protocol called MCCP that uses an ant colony optimization algorithm to select the most stable path for communication between nodes. The methodology involves assumptions about the network, assigning parameters like mobility, signal strength, and node degree, and using an ACO algorithm to optimize path selection. The approach is implemented using the NS2 simulator and results show that MCCP improves performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and throughput compared to the AOMDV routing protocol. The paper concludes that ESPS achieves more efficient and effective data transmission through stable path selection
Cm32996999
This document summarizes a research paper on multicasting in wireless ad hoc networks. It discusses using an On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and a fully localized scheme. ODMRP builds a forwarding mesh topology to avoid issues with multicasting trees in mobile networks. The localized scheme integrates layered multicast and routing-based congestion avoidance to control multicast rates and maintain fairness with unicast flows. It allows each node to monitor links and cut aggregate multicast rates when links become congested, while still delivering multiple quality layers to receivers. Analysis and simulations showed the localized scheme enables multicasting and provides fair bandwidth sharing between multicast and unicast flows.
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
Efficient protection techniques for multimedia data transfer over Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are very essential issues. In noisy Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) Quality of Service (QoS) is a challenging task due to bandwidth and limited energy, and unpredictable channel conditions. Therefore, Forward Error Correction (FEC), a class of channel coding has been widely used in WSN. Nevertheless, the bulky size of multimedia data makes it more difficult to be transported over the noisy multi-hop wireless network. Moreover, the efficiency of FEC drops as the number of hops increases. In this paper, an optimized protection technique based on network coding and rateless code has been proposed to enhance the throughput and reduce overhead during data transfer in WMSN. The performance of NCP-OPR is enhanced via Optimal Network Path Model (ONPM) where the best available paths are optimally selected using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In conjunction with the proposed protection scheme, the proposed ONPM is intended for limited power WSN by optimally distributing the power usage among the network paths so that the throughput can be improved.
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
- The document proposes an optimized protection technique using network coding and rateless codes to enhance throughput and reduce overhead during data transfer in wireless multimedia sensor networks.
- It presents an Optimal Network Path Model (ONPM) that uses Particle Swarm Optimization to select the best available paths in a way that optimally distributes power usage among network paths to improve throughput.
- The performance of the proposed ONPM is evaluated through simulations and compared to existing algorithms, showing it can enhance coding protection and effectively optimize network paths to improve data transfer in wireless multimedia sensor networks.
Gokul
This paper proposes a localized scheme to support multicasting in wireless ad hoc networks without congesting unicast flows. The proposed approach combines layered multicast and routing-based congestion control to ensure fairness of bandwidth sharing between multicast and unicast flows in a fully localized manner. Simulation results show the proposed localized scheme is effective at allowing multicasting while preventing unicast flows from being throttled due to congestion.
Distributed Routing Protocol for Different Packet Size Data Transfer over Wir...
This document discusses a proposed technique for efficient data transfer of different packet sizes over wireless sensor networks. The technique uses a combination of routing protocols, including AODV, DSDV, and DSR. It aims to improve quality of service for data transmission by using proper packet formatting and compression techniques. The objective is to develop a reliable architecture that can handle both proactive and reactive routing approaches to efficiently manage routing and transmission of data between neighboring nodes. The proposed technique will be implemented and evaluated using a network simulator.
Multipath Routing Protocol by Breadth First Search Algorithm in Wireless Mesh...
This document proposes a multipath routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that uses a parallel layer-based approach and breadth-first search algorithm to discover multiple paths between a source and destination. It organizes nodes into layers based on distance from the destination and performs iterative breadth-first searches to find partial paths connecting nodes in lower layers, storing the partial paths. This process repeats until reaching the destination to find all possible paths. The primary path is then elected using an Expected Forwarding Counter metric to select the most reliable path. The protocol was evaluated in NS-2 and showed improved throughput, delivery ratio, and reduced delay compared to other protocols.
A comparative analysis on qos multicast routing protocols in MANETs
Abstract: Simultaneous transmission of data from one sender to multiple receivers is called multicasting.
Several widely used applications require multicasting at least at the logical level. Examples include audio video
teleconferencing, real time video streaming and the maintenance of distributed databases. In many cases it is
advantageous to implement multicasting at the level of the routing algorithm (other approaches would be oneto-all
unicast or the implementation of multicasting at the application layer). In this paper we are presenting a
comparative analysis on various multicast routing protocols in adhoc networks.
Keywords: multicasting, multicast protocols,dynamic core, performance evaluation,Qos Parameters
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...
The broad significance of Wireless Sensor Networks is in most emergency and disaster rescue
domain. The routing process is the main challenges in the wireless sensor network due to lack of physical links.
The objective of routing is to find optimum path which is used to transferring packets from source node to
destination node. Routing should generate feasible routes between nodes and send traffic along the selected path
and also achieve high performance. This paper presents a nearest adjacent node scheme based on shortest path
routing algorithm. It is plays an important role in energy conservation. It finds the best location of nearest
adjacent nodes by involving the least number of nodes in transmission of data and set large number of nodes to
sleep in idle mode. Based on simulation result we shows the significant improvement in energy saving and
enhance the life of the network
Energy efficiency cross layer protocol for wireless mesh network
Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a novel emerging tec
hnology that will change the world more effectively
and efficiently. It is regarded as a highly promisi
ng technology being increasingly important in mobil
e
wireless networks of the future generation. In this
paper, we consider energy management for wireless
mesh networks from a point of view that started rec
ently to attract the attention means the conservati
on of
energy for operational and the environment reasons
which is known as the Green Networking. This paper
discusses different routing protocols to establish
a protocol which considers energy efficiency. The e
xisting
protocols are compared using the basic functions of
routing and the suggest protocol is designed to
overcome some of their shortcomings. We are focusin
g on the conception of the cross-layer routing
protocol that is implemented in TDMA (Time Division
Multiple Access) wireless mesh networks based
MAC protocol.
Similar to Jamming aware traffic allocation for multiple-path routing using portfolio selection. (20)
Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) for Wireless Multimedia Sensor...
Energy Location Aware Routing Protocol (ELARP) for Wireless Multimedia Sensor...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
RASPBERRY PI AND ARDUINO UNO WORKING TOGETHER AS A BASIC METEOROLOGICAL STATION
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ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
ENERGY LOCATION AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL (ELARP) FOR WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR...
Optimized Traffic Flow over Multipath in Optical Networks
Optimized Traffic Flow over Multipath in Optical Networks
Mitigating Link Failures & Implementing Security Mechanism in Multipath Flows...
Mitigating Link Failures & Implementing Security Mechanism in Multipath Flows...
A modified approach for secure routing and power aware in mobile ad hoc network
A modified approach for secure routing and power aware in mobile ad hoc network
Maximizing Efficiency Of multiple–Path Source Routing in Presence of Jammer
Maximizing Efficiency Of multiple–Path Source Routing in Presence of Jammer
Improve MANET network performance using ESPS approach
Improve MANET network performance using ESPS approach
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
Optimize the Network Coding Paths to Enhance the Coding Protection in Wireles...
Distributed Routing Protocol for Different Packet Size Data Transfer over Wir...
Distributed Routing Protocol for Different Packet Size Data Transfer over Wir...
Multipath Routing Protocol by Breadth First Search Algorithm in Wireless Mesh...
Multipath Routing Protocol by Breadth First Search Algorithm in Wireless Mesh...
A comparative analysis on qos multicast routing protocols in MANETs
A comparative analysis on qos multicast routing protocols in MANETs
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...
Energy efficiency cross layer protocol for wireless mesh network
Energy efficiency cross layer protocol for wireless mesh network
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Jamming aware traffic allocation for multiple-path routing using portfolio selection.
- 1. INDEX INTRODUCTION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES LITERATURE SURVEY PROBLEM STATEMENT PROJECT REQUIREMENT UML DIAGRAMS PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE PROJECT PLAN:
- 2. INTRODUCTION Multiple-path source routing protocols allow a data source node to distribute the total traffic among available paths. The problem of jamming-aware source routing in which the source node performs traffic allocation based on empirical jamming statistics at individual network nodes.
- 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We formulate this traffic allocation as a lossy network flow optimization problem using portfolio selection theory from financial statistics. We show that in multi-source networks, this centralized optimization problem can be solved using a distributed algorithm based on decomposition in network utility maximization (NUM).
- 4. LITERATURE SURVEY To distribute the total traffic among available paths the source node performs traffic allocation based on empirical jamming statistics at individual network nodes. If any path to be disturbed/jammed a routing path is requested an existing routing path is not be updated, the responding nodes along the path will disconnect the routing path.
- 5. PROBLEM STATEMENT Today, the development and widespread use of information technologies is changing the way people view FIR processes and, ultimately, the way they Report at any police station. At the forefront of these new technologies is Online FIR (First Information Report) System and at the back-end, the server is maintaining the Reports.
- 6. Proposed System We propose techniques for the network nodes to estimate and characterize the impact of jamming and for a source node to incorporate these estimates into its traffic allocation. We show that in multi-source networks, this centralized optimization problem can be solved using a distributed algorithm based on decomposition in network utility maximization.
- 7. Jamming Behaviors • disturb wireless communications • proactive / reactive • constant, random, repeat, deceiv • single bit/packet • outsider / insider • static / mobile nondeterministic and dynamic
- 8. Multiple-Path routing Anti-jamming techniques = diversity Multiple frequency bands Different MAC channels Multiple Routing paths Multi-Path Routing Each source node chooses multiple paths Each path is allocated with different traffic amount (how to avoid congestion?) Each path has different probabilities to be jammed (how to measure this?) Goal: Efficiently allocate the traffic to maximize the overall throughput. http://w3.antd.nist.gov/adhoc/Project_drouting.shtml
- 9. Hardware Requirements: Processor : Intel Processor above than 3.0 Ghz Hard Disk : 20 GB. Ram : 1 GB. Software Requirements: Operating system : Windows XP SP2 or Higher .NET Framework : 3.5 Or Higher Reporting Tool : Crystal Reports XI Or Higher Other Application : Adobe Acrobat Reader, M S Excel. System Requirements
- 10. PROJECT PLAN Project planning is discipline for stating how to complete a project within a certain time frame, usually with the define stages and with designated resources. One view of project planning divides the activity into:
- 11. Setting objectives (these should be measurable). Identifying the needs. Planning the schedule. Making supportive plans. Number of pages(GUI etc). Validations etc..
- 12. UML DIAGRAMS
- 13. UML DIAGRAMS
- 14. UML DIAGRAMS
- 15. UML DIAGRAMS
- 16. UML DIAGRAMS
- 17. UML DIAGRAMS
- 18. Advantages Each time a new routing path is requested or an existing routing path is updated, the responding nodes along the path will relay the necessary parameters to the source node as part of the reply message for the routing path. Efficiently allocate the traffic to maximize the overall throughput.
- 19. REFERENCES F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, and W. Wang, “Wireless mesh networks: Asurvey,” Comput. Netw., vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 445–487 E. M. Sozer, M. Stojanovic, and J. G. Proakis, “Underwater acoustic networks,” IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 72–83 [3] R. Anderson, Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. New York: Wiley
- 20. ANY QUERIES..??
- 23. Roadmap Use PDR to approximate the overall throughput What is PDR? How to get PDR? Use a quadratic program based on Portfolio Selection Theory to give the optimal solution Objective Function? Constraints? Use Lagrangian dual decomposition to get a distributed solution Efficiency: accuracy, convergence, scalability.
- 24. Represent the throughput - I Estimate local packet success rates (LPSR) Each node updates (LPSR), Update period T << Ts update relay period Estimated value by Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) Variance by the variance of PDR
- 25. Represent the throughput - II End-to-End Packet Success Rate Mean Variance/covariance Given that there are Ls paths at source node s, what does these two above mean?
- 26. Represent the throughput – III Given that the traffic allocation vector at node s is Expected throughput: Variance:
- 27. Formulate Optimal Solution – I Portfolio Selection Analogy of concepts http://proteger.com.my/articles/investment/modernportfolio.html
- 28. Formulate Optimal Solution – I Portfolio Selection (cont’) risk-aversion factor ks ks = 0 means the throughput is maximized regardless of any risks Ks>0 (0.005 in the simulation)
- 29. Formulate Optimal Solution – II Congestion Avoidance Delivery rate from s to node i is The aggregate traffic going through link (i,j) is
- 30. Formulate Optimal Solution - III
- 31. Iterative and Distributed Solution Many allocation quadratic program on large-scale networks can be solved efficiently through decomposition techniques Daniel P. Palomar and Mung Chiang, A Tutorial on Decomposition Methods for Network Utility Maximization. Lagrangian dual decomposition
- 34. Decomposition Flow lagrangian • the dual function could be solved using a gradient method
- 35. Apply to this formulation Local update at step 3 requires mutual information exchanges at all the sources……
- 36. Future Enhancement An ERP can be developed with this algorithm as illustration of impact of jamming dynamics and mobility on network throughput and to demonstrate the efficacy of our traffic allocation algorithm.