ACO algorithm is used to implement the thesis work.

1. Presentation
on
ESPS: Efficient Stable Path Selection Approach
for Improved Network Performance
Submitted By:
Surbhi Sharma
0177CS15MT10
MTech. IVth Sem
Guided By:
Prof. Harsh Mathur
CSE Department
Under Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
IES College of Technology, Bhopal

2. CONTENTS
» Objective
» Introduction
» Literature Survey
» Proposed Methodology
» Simulator Description
» Simulation Results
» Conclusion
» Future Scopes
» References
» Publications

3. OBJECTIVE (cont….)
» The key aim of the proposed work is provide for the mobile ad hoc
network and improve the performance of network during if there are
appropriate user connectivity exist respective to other nodes. Therefore the
following objectives are suggested to accomplish.
» Study of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network and Different Routing Protocol: In
this phase the mobile ad-hoc network and their applications in different
research areas are discussed. In addition of that the different supporting
routing protocols are also studied in this phase.
» Investigation of Different Multipath routing Technique and their
Deployment scenario: In this phase the different kinds of routing based
path finding methods are studied additionally a detailed study on the
efficient route selection algorithm for link availability is also summarized.

4. OBJECTIVE
» Implementation of Proposed ESPS Approach: In this stage, key issues
based on the best route finding of multipath routing for mobile node
communication are addressed and their solution is prepared. Finally the
prepared solution is implemented with the help of NS2 simulation
environment.
» Performance Analysis of the Proposed Work: In this segment the
performance estimation of the proposed route selection available in
network is provided in addition to that with the similar network
performance parameters proportional study is also provided.

5. INTRODUCTION (cont….)
»The wireless networks rapidly increased in recent years which provide mobile
users ubiquitous computing capability and information that access regardless
of the users location. All nodes in the network are mobile and can be
connected dynamically in arbitrary manner. The responsibilities for organizing
and controlling the network are distributed among the terminals themselves.
»The entire network is mobile, and the individual terminals are allowed to move
freely. In wireless communication systems, there will be a need for rapid
deployment of independent mobile users. Wireless communication has many
pros over the wired networks. People must be able to communicate if even
they are mobile. With the advancement in communication technology devices
have become smaller yet more powerful and cheaper.
»Thus, users can exchange information with their devices while traveling
through the large area. To maintain such communications over a large area,
there is a need for some fixed infrastructure like access points, transceivers.

6. INTRODUCTION (cont....)
»MANET
» A Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes which
communicate wirelessly over radio frequencies with no centralized
infrastructure. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) has gained lot of
popularity over wired networks due to their unique characteristics. The
word ad hoc has Latin roots and means on the fly. MANET is a particular
network for a particular application.
» MANET requires no fixed infrastructure for its working. Network devices
(nodes) are mobile and communicate over a wireless medium. Also, there
is no central controlling authority that manages the network.

7. INTRODUCTION (cont....)
» Without using any fixed structural support the information is exchanging in
the network of mobile devices. Such networks are termed as ad –hoc
network. Wireless ad hoc network is a collection of nodes. A node in ad
hoc network act like a host as well as a router. Nodes move randomly and
organize themselves arbitrarily.
» As a result the network topology changes rapidly and unpredictably.
Communication among nodes can be point-to-point or multi-hop. Point-to-
point communication is possible when they are within the radio range of
each other. However, in multi-hop communication a packet reaches the
destination through multiple number of intermediate nodes, in this case
they act as relay nodes.

8. Example of MANET Network
Source
Transmission Range
Destination
Figure 1. MANET Network

9. INTRODUCTION (cont....)
S.No. Types of Applications Possible Scenario/Services
1
Military Applications  Battlefields
 Communications in Hilly area.
2 Emergency Applications  Search missions
 Rescue and Relief Operations
 Natural Calamities
 Medical camps during disaster management
3 Academics  Virtual Classrooms
 Meetings or conferences
 Campus Settings
4 Personal  Conferences/ Meetings
 Home/ office wireless networking
5 Commercial Applications  Visitors network
 Stadiums, Malls, Trade Fairs
 Electronic Payments
 Mobile Offices
 Road guidance
 Inter vehicle networks
6 Education  Universities and campus settings
 Virtual classrooms
 Ad hoc communications during meetings or lectures
7 Entertainment  Multi-user games
 Wireless P2P networking
 Outdoor Internet access
 Robotic pets
 Theme parks
Table 1. Applications of MANET

10. INTRODUCTION (cont....)
»MANET Routing Protocols
» Mobile ad hoc network routing protocols can be divided, into proactive
routing, reactive routing, and hybrid routing. Following figure shows the
categorization of routing protocol and their sub-categorization in ad-hoc
network.
» According to the mode of operation, these protocols are classified in
three broad categories in figure 2:

11. Figure 2. Classification of Routing Protocol
Categorization of Routing
Proactive
Hybrid
Reactive
DSDV,OLSR ZRP
AODV, AOMDV,
DSR

12. LITERATURE SURVEY (cont….)
Several researchers have investigated the area of multipath routing for
improvement of network performance in mobile ad hoc networks. In this
section, some examples of their works are discussed.

13. S.No Author’s Name Title Approach Work Resemblance
1.
K. Kumaravel and
S. Geetha,
“Performance Analysis of
Obat_Aomdv with Swarm
Intelligence Technique in MANET”
PDR, Delay, Energy,
Throughput
End to end delay, PDR
2.
Sh. Samadi and
H. Beigy,
“An Adaptive Multipath Ant
Routing algorithm for Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks”
PDR, Delay,
Overhead
PDR
3. Mansour Sheikhan,
“PSO-Optimized Hopfield Neural
Network-Based Multipath Routing
for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks”
Link disjoints and
node disjoints
Average throughput
4.
Manickavelu, Devi,
and Rhymend
Uthariaraj
Vaidyanathan,
“Particle swarm optimization
(PSO)-based node and link lifetime
prediction algorithm for route
recovery in MANET”
Average ,PDR,
Delay, Energy,
Overhead
End to end delay, PDR
5.
Deepa, O. and
J. Suguna,
“An optimized QoS-based
clustering with multipath routing
protocol for wireless sensor
networks”
PDR, Average
residual energy, total
energy consumption,
throughput, delay,
normalized
overhead
PDR, Average
throughput
6.
C.
Priyadharshini and
K. Thamarai Rubini,
“Predicting route lifetime for
maximizing network lifetime in
MANET”
- PDR

14. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (cont....)
» “Methodology” implies more than simply the methods we intend to use to
collect data. It is often necessary to include a consideration of the concepts
and theories which underlie the methods. Unlike an algorithm, a
methodology is not a formula but a set of preparations.
» To find the solution of this approach, which show that route stability during
network life time Here, we enlist basic 3 segments of our methodology that
construct entire system that proving efficiency and effectiveness of this
work.
» Assumption
» Assigning Parameter
» Choice of Algorithm

15. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (cont....)
» ASSUMPTION
» For securing network, the proposed algorithm is developing using different
constraint. So that we basically we need to assume some constraints to
progress further. Therefore, we create simulation scenario for some
network nodes. We create simulation for new protocol MCCP and
AOMDV protocol. This two simulation, demonstrate the packet
transmission using NS2.
» Secondly, for processing proposed method, we use some network
parameter to process the use of ACO algorithm from this we get the best
result of route selection.

16. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (cont....)
» PARAMETER SELECTION
» In this section we describe assigned parameter to proposed approach by we
have apply ACO algorithm. Following are the parameter:
» Mobility
» Signal Strength Power
» Degree of Node

17. » PROPOSED ALGORITHM
The entire process of the efficient path selection approach which proposed by designing
new routing protocol MCCP can be summarized as the algorithm the table 3.1 shows the
process of the proposed algorithm:
Table 3.1: Efficient Stable Path Selection Algorithm
Input: Number of Nodes
Output: Optimized Path
Process:
Step:1. Initialize the Network, with N nodes where, N=1,2,3,…..,n , in ideal condition.
Step:2: Initialize Route Discovery by Source Node Ns
Step:3: Ns sends RREQ Packets to Destination Nd
Step:4: Wait Until all Route Replies not received
1. Prepare routing table T
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (cont....)

18. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY (cont....)
2. for (i=1;i<T.length;i++)
a. Pathi = T.nextHop
3. End for
4. POPi = Pathi
Step:5. for each node N in POPl do
a. Find signal strength Ss, degree of node D , Mobility M
b. Fit = node.computeFitness(Ss,D,M)
c. Aggregate Fit to path as
FitPathVal
Step:6. End for
Step:7. O = ACO.Optimize(POPi, FitPathVal)
Return O

19. SIMULATOR DESCRIPTION
» OVERVIEW OF NS2
» NS2 is a simulator generally used for networking research. NS-2 provides
notable support for simulation of routing, TCP, and multicast protocols on
wired and wireless networks. A simulator model of a real-world system is
essentially a popularization of the real-world system self. This section
describes some of the restrictions of the simulation model embodied in the
current release of NS-2.

20. SIMULATION RESULTS (cont....)
» The implementation of proposed work has done on proposed algorithm and
simulation has done on NS2.
» The result analysis provides the understanding about the evaluated
performance factors and their estimation.
» Additionally the comparative study of the proposed for most stable path
selection and traditional AOMDV is also provided on the basis of the
similar performance factors.

21. This scenario shows that 22 nodes are connected by server and
tried to make coverage with each other.
Figure 3.AOMDV & MCCP protocols implementation using NS2

22. In figure 4 all 22 nodes are connected with server using AOMDV & MCCP
protocols in both scenarios.
Figure 4.AOMDV & MCCP protocols coverage area using NS2

23. In figure 5 Server 1 connected to Server 2 using AOMDV & MCCP protocols.
Figure 5. Nodes connects with server

24. Figure 6 shows packets transmission by 22 network nodes from Server 1 to
Server 2 using AOMDV & MCCP protocols .
Figure 6. Packets transmission using AOMDV & MCCP protocols using NS2.

25. Figure 7. End to End Delays
1. END TO END DELAY
S.No. Parameters Values
1. MCCP 0.002266
2. AOMDV 0.006538
Table 3. MCCP and AOMDV E2E comparison

26. Figure 8. Packet Delivery Ratio
2. PACKET DELIVERY RATIO
S.No. Parameters Values
1. MCCP 99.410
2. AOMDV 97.9100
Table 4. MCCP and AOMDV PDR comparison

27. Figure 9. Average Throughput
3. AVERAGE THROUGHPUT
S.N
o.
Parameters Start Time Stop Time
Received
packets Average Tput
1. MCCP 10 99 12683 610.147
2. AOMDV 10 99 11322 564.102
Table 5. MCCP and AOMDV average throughput comparison

28. CONCLUSION (cont....)
» The theme of the research work is centered in ad-hoc nature for efficient
route selection which is an important aspect of MANETs. We successfully
proposed ESPS, i.e. Efficient Stable Path Selection algorithm by designed
new protocol named as MCCP to improved network performance.
» This research work allowed the network to establish stable routes necessary
to correct and efficiently deliver network data to the destination in a more
reliable manner. To discover optimal route which is ensure high stability for
a long time that maintain the all communication session during each
simulation of network. Proposed approach is based on the Ant Colony
Optimization (ACO) heuristic search algorithm.

29. CONCLUSION
» Therefore, for a long time, it means that to get most optimal path, we
implemented 22 network nodes to explore the map and find optimal
solutions. The proposed ESPS based best route selection for high stability
has achieved better data aggregation in an efficient and effective manner in
terms of the parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End to End
Delay and throughput and packet drop ratio.
» The implementation of the proposed approach is provided with the help of
NS-2 network simulator. Additionally for implementing the proposed
concept using Ad-hoc on demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV)
modification routing protocol.

30. FUTURE WORK
» The results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
» In near future the work is enhanced with adding more parameters to
distinguish more or different kinds of network protocol rather than existing
once.
» The Proposed work is simulated under NS2 environment whereas we can
also configure network and implemented using cryptographic technique.
» Another extension of this work can simulated using another MANET based
routing protocol e.g. DSR, AODV, etc.

31. REFERENCES (cont....)
» Prabha, R., and N. Ramaraj, "An improved multipath MANET routing using link
estimation and swarm intelligence", EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications
and Networking 2015, Number 1 (2015): 173.
» MouradElhadef, AzzedineBoukerche, and HishamElkadiki, “Diagnosing mobile ad-
hoc networks: two distributed comparison-based self-diagnosis protocols”, In
Proceedings of the 4thACM international workshop on Mobility management and
wireless access, pages 18–27, ACM, 2006.
» M. Frodigh, P. Johansson, and P. Larsson.―Wireless ad hoc networking: the art of
networking without a network, Ericsson Review, Number 4, 2000, pp. 248-263.
» Mäki, Silja, "Security Fundamentals in Ad Hoc Networking", Proceedings of the
Helsinki University of Technology, Seminar on Internetworking-Ad Hoc Networks.
2000.
» Amitabh Mishra and Ketan M. Nadkarni, Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, in
Book the Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (Chapter 30), CRC Press LLC,
2003

32. REFERENCES
» S. Corson,“Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET): Routing protocol performance
issues and evaluation considerations”, available online at:
» Samba Sesay, Zongkai Yang, and Jianhua He,“A survey on mobile ad hoc wireless
network”, Information Technology Journal, 3(2), pp. 168–175, 2004.
» HumayunBakht et al. Survey of routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc network.
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Research,
1(6), 2011.
» Chlamtac, Imrich, Marco Conti, and Jennifer J-N. Liu, "Mobile ad hoc networking:
imperatives and challenges," Ad hoc networks 1, Number 1 (2003): pp. 13-64.
» Naeem Raza and Muhammad Umar Aftab, “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Applications
and Its Challenges”, Scientific Research Publishing, Communications and Network,
2016, 8, pp. 131-136

33. PUBLICATIONS
S.No. Title Author’s
Name
Journal Name
1 Survey Paper: A Survey
on Best Path Selection
Approaches in Mobile
Ad-Hoc Network
Surbhi Sharma,
Prof. Harsh
Mathur
International Journal of
Scientific Research in
Computer Science,
Engineering and
Information Technology
(IJSRCSEIT )
2 Result Paper: ESPS:
Efficient Stable Path
Selection Approach for
Improved Network
Performance
Surbhi Sharma,
Prof. Harsh
Mathur
International Journal for
Research in Applied
Science & Engineering
Technology (IJRASET)

34. ….Thank You