Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It is known as the "Pink City" due to the dominant color of its buildings. When it was established, Jaipur was designed according to principles of urban planning laid out in ancient Hindu texts. The city was planned on a grid system divided into nine blocks, with wide straight avenues intersecting at right angles. Major roads and squares follow a strict hierarchy. Amenities are concentrated along the main roads within walkable distances. The placement of roads, squares, markets and temples helped create socially interactive public spaces. The mohalla neighborhood module supported a safe living environment. Overall

1. JAIPUR
SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, PUNE
NAME - ANKIT SHARMA
ROLL NO. -04 DIV. -A
CASE STUDY -

2. INTRODUCTION
• Jaipur (rajasthan) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of
rajasthan. It was founded on 18th November 1727 by maharaja sawai jai
singh II.
• Jaipur formerly jeypore, is the capital and the largest city of the Indian
state of the rajasthan. As of 2011, the city had a population of 3.1 million,
making it the tenth most populous city in the country.
• Jaipur is also known as the pink city, due to the dominant colour scheme
of its buildings.
• It is also known as the pink of India, and C.V. Raman called it is the island
of Glory.
• It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by
Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.
• On 6 July 2019, UNESCO World Heritage Committee inscribed Jaipur the
"Pink City of India" among its World Heritage Sites.
• The city is also home to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Amer Fort and
Jantar Mantar.

3. LOCATION OF THE CITY
• Location: 26.92°N 75.82°E
• Altitude: 431 m (1417 ft.) Above MSL.
• Area: 484.64 km2
• Population : 3,046,189
• Density: 6,300/km2
• Jaipur city is Rajasthan’s capital and largest city.
• Jaipur is situated in the eastern border of Thar Desert.
• It is 258 kms from Delhi and 232 kms from Agra, it forms a Golden Triangle to attract
tourists.
• Languages :
• Official: Hindi
• Regional: Rajasthani
• Climate: Jaipur has hot dry summer and cold winter with mean maximum
temperature of 45 C and the mean minimum temperature of 5 C. The average annual
rainfall is 595.3 mm.
INDIA
RAJASTHAN
JAIPUR

4. DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE CITY
• According to the provisional report of 2011 census, Jaipur
city had a population of 3,073,350.
• The overall literacy rate for the city is 84.34%. 90.61% males
and 77.41% females were literate.
• The sex ratio was 898 females per 1,000 males & the child
sex ratio was recorded 854.
• However, the population of the city is expected to grow up to
around 39.1 lakhs (3.91 million).
• According to the 2011 census, Hindus form the majority
religious group accounting for 77.9% of the city's population,
followed by Muslims (18.6%), Jains (2.4%) and others (1.2%).
• The official language of Jaipur is Hindi and the additional
official language is English.
• The native and main dialect of the city is Dhundari.
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2,000,000
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POPULATION
POPULATION

5. ADMINISTRATIVE PROFILE
• Jaipur Municipal Corporation is responsible for maintaining the
city's civic infrastructure and carrying out associated
administrative duties.
• The Municipal Corporation is headed by a mayor.
• There are 91 wards and each ward is represented by an elected
member.
• Jaipur Development Authority (JDA) is the nodal government
agency responsible for the planning and development of Jaipur.
• Jaipur consists of two parliamentary constituencies Jaipur and
Jaipur Rural.
JAIPUR MAUNICIPAL CORPORATION
JAIPUR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

6. EDUCATION
• MAJOR INSTITUTIONS INCLUDE:
• NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT
• UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN
• INDIAN INSTITUTE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
• MALVIYA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JAIPUR
• JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
• MANIPAL UNIVERSITY
• IIS UNIVERSITY
PLAN

7. HOUSING
 TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN CHANDPOLE JAIPUR
 FEATURES
• Built in the early 1900s as the city house for the kalwar family, the house
bears distinct signs of that era.
• The kalwar house is very cleverly divided into two main zones:
• The public area (ground floor).
• The private or family activity areas (upper floors).
• This particular kind of zoning was basically done for two major reasons:
• Keeping professional and private lives separate.
• Keeping the women folk safe and secure and away from the public eye.
• This was done according to the cultural mindset of the people at those
times.

8. HOUSING
• While the rest of the houses don’t have
platforms in front of them, neither do they
have a entry with so much grandeur.
• Even though the house type is courtyard type
but the ground floor is not connected in the
courtyard.
• That is, the courtyard is on the first floor. Thus
there was interaction between the first and
the second floor through the courtyard while
the ground floor was completely cut off due to
the earlier reasons.
• The house is decorated with numerous
beautiful jalis, carvings, big halls with
fireplaces, etc.
PLAN

9. havelis
• Haveli, a multistoried building with rooms facing an inner courtyard or a
system of courtyards (sometimes as many as seven).
• They are generally built of red sandstone or brick with lime mortar.
• Courtyard planning also helped to keep the interior private, but the need to
separate men and women required more complicated arrangements.
• Where possible, women were kept to their own inner part of the house, the
zenana.
• This might be a rear courtyard, or an upper floor. High walls, with pierced
screens (jalis), for air and limited views, helped maintain privacy, along with
the careful use of bamboo blinds (chiks) and curtains (pardas).
• Havelis were designed so as to temper the worst excess of the hot climate,
with a range of spaces, from external courts (chowks) and terraces to
verandas to inner rooms, for use at different times of day and in different
seasons.
OUTERVIEW VIEW
INTERIOR VIEW

10. REASONS FOR MAHARAJA SAWAI JAI SINGH TO
CHANGE HIS CAPITAL FROM AMBER TO JAIPUR
(1727)
MILITARY REASONS GEOGRAPHICAL REASONS
• A site at the South of Amber ensured
greater distance from Delhi.
The rocky terrain of Amber restricted
expansion.
The out skirting hill ranges (Nahargarh
hills) shaped as a horseshoe would allow
the new city to expand only in the South.
Jaipur had the potentialities of
developing into a city with adequate
drinking water due to the presence of a
perennial stream nearby and good
drainage system.
• It was an open plain bounded on the
northwest and east by hills.
Its rugged hills also ensured a constant
supply of building material.

11. REASONS FOR MAHARAJA SAWAI JAI SINGH TO
CHANGE HIS CAPITAL FROM AMBER TO JAIPUR (1727)
• The need of a new capital for 18th century Dhoondhar as the earlier one
of Amber built on a hill was getting congested.
• Sawai Raja Jai Singh’s vision of the new capital as a strong political
statement at par with Mughal cities and as a thriving trade and
commerce hub for the region.
• SITE : A valley located south of Amber and the plains beyond, a terrain
that was the bed of a dried lake, dense forest cover to the north and the
east of the site.
• PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS : Hills on the north that housed the fort of
Jaigarh and the Amber palace beyond, and the hills on the east, which
contained the sacred spot of Galtaji.
• WATER SUPPLY : The Darbhavati river in the north was dammed to create
the Jai Sagar and Man Sagar (that later housed the Jal Mahal) lakes. Later
the Jhotwara River in the north west was diverted through the Amani
Shah Nallah and a number of canals were channelized through
Brahmapuri and Jai Niwas to supply water to the city.

12. PLANNING OF THE CITY
• Jaipur has a linear type of layout, wherein there is one main street and
houses are arranged on either side.
• If population increases or more houses are required, streets parallel to the
first street and more cross streets are added.
• Many urbanisms to be one of the best planned cities in India.
• Jaipur was painted pink by Maharaja Man Singh when Prince of Wales,
Later Edward VII, visited Jaipur in 1876.
• The royal heritage of Jaipur lives in its architecture and culture
• Unlike Dausa and Amber, the two previous capital cities of the Dhoondhar
region established on hilltop, whose planning was guided by topographical
structure of the areas, Jaipur city was revolutionary both in terms of its
grid-iron pattern planning and its location at the base of the hills.
• There was also a significant economic shift from an agricultural base in
Dausa and Amber to trading in the capital of Jaipur.
• The layout of the city of Jaipur wonderfully links the concept of a Shastric
city with the practicalities of the chosen site.
PLAN

13. PLANNING OF THE CITY
• What followed then was to regularize the Amber- Sanganer road
as a north-south route at right angles to it.
• The point of intersection would be one of the city’s main cross-
roads (chaupar).
• A road cutting the plain from N to S linking Amber, the capital to
Sanganer, the principal trading town. This road had to be
preserved and controlled and therefore had to fall within the
city’s boundaries.
• A second road ran E to W between the Mughal cities of Agra and
Ajmer and placing the new city on this already established
communication line would help secure its economic success.
However since this was an imperial road that could not be
encroached on, thus the city had to be contained to the north of
this line.
• Also, a natural ridge runs across the plain, N of the road and
parallel to it, in a roughly EW alignment (with a slight deviation
of15 deg. from the cardinal axes).
PLAN
VIEW

14. PHYSICAL PLANNING AND DESIGN
• Residential neighborhood planning concept was Mohallas
which act as module for urban growth. Safe, secure, living
environment is created where individuals have their own
horizon to flourish and grow.
FOLLOWING MAJOR FACTORS ARE ALSO
CONSIDERED
1. CONTOUR AND TOPOGRAPHY
2. STORM WATER DRAINAGE
3. CLIMATE
4. HYDOLOGYAND SOIL
5. CONTEXT

15. CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
• It is a model of town planning the first planned city in India.
• It is based on Hindu systems of town planning and followed the
principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient Indian
treatise on architecture.
• According to this shastra the site should be divided into grids or
mandalas ranging from 2 x 2 to 10 x 10.
• Planned according to the Prastara type of layout, which gives
prominence to the cardinal directions.
• Thus plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3 x 3 with gridlines being the city’s
main streets.
• The central axis of the town was laid from East to West between
the gates of the Sun (Suraj pol) and the moon (Chandpol ).
• This was crossed by two roads at right angles dividing the town
into nine almost square, almost equally sized blocks, which were
further sub divided by lanes and alleys all at right angles.
CHANDPOL

16. CONCEPTUAL PLANNING
• By building the western boundary of the city right up to the hill’s southern
apex, it provided a continuous line of defence.
• four almost equal rectangles.
• The rectangle opposite the palace has been broken up into two equal and
smaller rectangles by the Chaura Rasta.
• Thus altogether there are now five rectangles on the south of the main
road called Chowkris.

17. LAND USE
MAP

18. LAND USE
MAP

19. LAND
Utilization
MAP

20. ROAD NETWORK
• Jaipur’s road network follows a definite
hierarchy.
• The major East - West and North - South road,
form the sector boundaries and are called
Rajmarg as they lead to the city gates.
• These measure 33m. wide.
• Next there is a network of 16.5m wide which
runs North - South in each sector linking the
internal areas of the sectors to the major
activity spine.
• An orthogonal grid of 8.25m x 4.00m roads in
the Prastara-chessboard pattern further divide
sectors into Mohallas.
• Further in present system of hierarchy of roads
problems related to traffic are minimum.

21. ROAD NETWORK
• First order street defines the
sector size, second order street
defines the neighborhood or
block. Gridiron system is used for
road network for procession paths,
which is relevant today for
vehicular traffic.
• Further in present system of
hierarchy of roads problems
related to traffic are minimum.
• Internal road network have
hierarchy in terms of access and
privacy, hence at the same time
safe neighborhood is created.
• All the streets have certain
character that creates every street
identifiable.

22. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
ROADS
• Jaipur is located on National Highway No.48 connecting Delhi and Mumbai. National
Highway 52 links Jaipur with Kota and National Highway 21 links Jaipur with Agra.
RSRTC operates bus service to major cities in Rajasthan, New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh,
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Gujarat.
METRO
• Jaipur Metro commenced commercial operation on 3 June 2015.
• Phase-1A is operational between Mansarovar and Chandpole consisting of nine
stations namely Mansarovar, New Aatish Market, Vivek Vihar, Shyam Nagar, Ram
Nagar, Civil Line, Railway Station, Sindhi Camp and Chandpole.
RAILWAYS
• Jaipur is the headquarters of North Western Railway Zone of Indian Railways.
AIRPORT
• Jaipur International Airport is in Sanganer, 12.2 km (8 miles) from the centre. The
airport handled 363,899 international and 2,540,451 domestic passengers in 2015–
2016.

23. PUBLIC SPACES
 CHAUPAR
• A square that occurs at the intersection of east west roads with
three north south roads. 100m x 100m.
• Used for public gathering on festive occasions.
• The distance between two chaupars is about 700m which is
ideal for pedestrian movement.
• It has controlled façade treatment enveloping it.
BAZAAR
• Originally only four bazaars were planned for the city.
• These were later named as Johri bazaar, Sireh Deori Bazaar,
Kishan Pole Bazaar & Gangori Bazaar.

24. STREETSCAPES AND CHOWKS
• The main markets, havelis and temples on the main streets in Jaipur
were constructed by the state in the 18th century, thus ensuring that a
uniform street facade is maintained. The widths of roads were
predetermined.
• Junctions of the main axial streets formed the two square civic open
spaces called chaupars (Badi chaupar and Chhoti chaupar).
• The width of the square chaupars was three times that of the main
street.
• Historically, the chaupars were outlets for intense social use with water
structures connected by underground aqueducts, supplying numerous
sources of drinking water at street level. Presently, the centre of each
chaupar has square enclosures with ornamental fountains.
• The streets and chowks (central open squares in a town) of the internal
chowkries (sectors) with numerous clusters or mohallas were not
predetermined; hence show a mix of grid iron and organic pattern, with
the basic unit of built form being the rectangular haveli.
VIEW OF CHOTI CHAUPAR
VIEW OF MAIN BAZAAR STREET

25. MOHALLAS AND TEMPLES
GALTAJI TEMPLE
BIRLA TEMPLE AKSHARDHAM TEMPLE
LAXMI NARAYAN TEMPLE

26. AMENITIES
• Amenities are provided with respect to king and upper
class instead of common man.
• Amenities are provided on main road, within 5 minute
walking distance.
• Placement of amenities was done with respect to
function, use and traffic.
• Further just a position has created distinct nodes and
activity landmarks, which ultimately has created defined
path.
• Thus socially interactive spaces are created by design,
built form definition, open space pattern and road
pattern.
INTERACTION
SPACE

27. PATTERN, PLACEMENT AND JUXTAPOSITION OF
ROADS, AMENITIES AND OR OPEN SPACE
• “Pattern” is formed when all the sectors come together. Further
there is coherence between different sectors having enough
variety.
• There are binding elements like road pattern, road hierarchy,
built form and open space system.
• These strong elements create a whole.
• Open spaces are distributed, located, allocated as per.
• Hierarchy
• User group
• Serving area
• Sense of enclosure
STRUCTURES ALWAYS BUILT-UP IN
PROPORTION TO THE ROAD WIDTHS

28. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
WATER SUPPLY
• The city is covered with municipal water
supply.
• City has adequate water supply with an
availability 126.5 lpcd covering more than
86.5% population.
• The main source of water is ground water,
which is fast depleting at the rate of
3m/annum.
• Northern part : 31 no. of service reservoirs.
• Southern part : 64 no. of service reservoirs.
WATER SUPPLY PLAN

29. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SEWERAGE
• The existing sewerage system covers about
65% of total area of Jaipur. In the areas
uncovered by sewerage system septic
tanks.
• Municipal area divided into 8 zones.
• The city generates 200 MLD sewage.
• Septic tanks cater to 25% of population in
Jaipur.
• Roughly 1,20,600 septic tanks are in Jaipur.
• Two sewage treatment plants constructed
by Jaipur municipal corporation.
• Bhrampuri (north) -27 MLD capacity
• Dehlawas (south) -62.5 MLD capacity
SEWERAGE PLAN

30. Physical infrastructure
DRAINAGE
• The drainage network of Jaipur
includes 9 nallah/river.
• Municipal area divided into 19
drainage zones.
• All the nalla drain into amanishah
nalla. It discharges into dhund river
which joins bans river.
DRAINAGE PLAN

31. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Type of waste generated can be classifies :
• Biomedical waste
• Industrial waste
• Construction & demolition
• Generates 1040 metric tones per day
• Collected in traditional tricycles, they deposited
into open sites, round cement concrete bins.
• Transportation of waste done through dumper
placer, tractor ,trucks, hand carts.
• Processing :
• RDF plant installed of capacity 15000tonns/month,
where input is 12000 tons/month.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

32. TOURISM
1. AMBER FORT
2. KANAK VRINDAVAN
3. JAIGARH FORT
4. JAL MAHAL
5. NAHARGARH FORT
6. CITY PALACE
7. JANTAR MANTAR
8. HAWA MAHAL
9. GALTA JI
11. MOTI DUNGRI
12. GHAT KI GHUNI
13. CASTLE KALWAD
14. CASTLE KANOTA
15. WATIKA FORT
16. CHANDI POND
17. CHOMU FORT
18. RAMGARH LAKE
19. BHANPUR STEP WELL

33. FAMOUS ARCHITECTURE OF JAIPUR
HAWA MAHAL
• The main architect of this palace built of red and pink sandstone,
is Lal Chand Ustad and the palace is believed to have been
constructed in the form of the crown of Krishna, the Hindu god.
• Considered as an embodiment of Rajputana architecture, the
main highlight of Hawa Mahal is its pyramid shape and its 953
windows or 'Jharokhas' which are decorated with intricate
designs.
• The main intention behind the construction of the Mahal was to
facilitate the royal women and provide them a view of everyday
life through the windows, as they never appeared in public.
• Hawa Mahal, designed as a beehive castle with small windows,
has a height of 50 feet from its base.
• This structure, erected on a thin shield or podium approximately
fifty feet high, has walls less than a foot thick.
• Constructed of red and pink sandstones by Lal Chand Ustad.
• Hawa Mahal is famous for its windows or 'Jharokhas' which enable
free circulation of air within the structure.

34. AMER FORT
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
• The structure has four different parts, each with a separate
entrance. The main entry to the fort is through the 'Suraj Pol' or Sun
Gate which opens up into the main courtyard.
• This east-facing gate is also the main entrance to the palace and its
position with respect to the rising sun is the source of its name.
• The 'Jaleb Chowk' is one of the four courtyards of the Amer Palace.
• The 'Sila Devi' Temple is right at the entrance to the main palace
grounds.
• The second courtyard is famous for its 'Diwan-i- Aam' (Public
Audience Hall), the 'Sheesh Mahal' and the 'Sukh Mahal’.
• A very famous attraction here is the 'Magic Flower', a fresco carved
out of marble.

35. ‘DIWAN-E-AAM’ (PUBLIC AUDIENCE HALL)
• It has forty pillars and is a best example of
intricate craftsmanship.
• The wide assembly hall measures 201′ by
67′ and has flat roof with two gateways of
arched red sandstone to the north and
south.
• The hall is divided in three parts and has
nine bold arches.
• This is built in red sandstone and is
plastered with white shell plaster which
looks like white marble.
• There is also a raised rectangular stage
from where the emperor used to address
the audience.