presentation on Jaipur city

1. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
CASESTUDY - JAIPUR

2. LOCATION
• Jaipur lies at a distance of
about 200 miles from
Delhi, 150 miles from Agra
and 84 miles from Ajmer.
• Capital city of Rajasthan is
located amidst the Aravali
hill ranges at an altitude of
about 430 m above sea
level.

3. HISTORY
• The eastern Rajasthan, lying to the east and
south east of the Aravalli divide includes
the modern administrative districts of –
Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Kota,
Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, Bhilwara, Ajmer,
Jaipur, Tonk, Dausa, Dholpur, Karauli,
Bharatpur and Alwar.
• The current district of Jaipur lies in Eastern
Rajasthan, in the Banas River basin and
forms a part of Eastern Plain of
Rajasthan. The region is drained by a
number of seasonal rivers of which
Banganga, Dhundh and Bandi are
prominent.

4. • From the 10th century onwards, the district referred to
as Dhoondhar, formed one of the four distinguishable
politico-cultural regions of Eastern Rajasthan, in
addition to Mewat, Hadauti and Mewar.
• Dhoondhar region was roughly comprised of current
districts of Jaipur, Dausa and Tonk, with Jaipur and
Amber further constituting Dhoondhar subzone within
the larger tract of Dhoondhar region.
• In Aryan epics, Dhoondhar region (called Matsya Desh/
Mina Wati) was the shortest trade route between north
India and rich port cities of Gujarat and Malabar.
• The region was held by Badgujars, Rajputs and Minas
till the 11th century.
• From the 11th century onwards, however, the
Dhoondhar region was increasingly under the power of
Kachchwaha dynasty of Rajputs.

5. PLANING OF THE CITY
• The layout of the city of
Jaipur wonderfully links the
concept of a Shastric city with the
practicalitiesof the chosen site.
• First, the straight line of the ridge
suggested itself as the route for one
of the main east-west thorough
fares and building a road along its
crest makes best possible use of the
topography for the purpose of
drainage.
• What followed then was to
regularize the Amber-Sanganer
road as a north-south route at right
angles to it.
• The point of intersection would be
one of the city’s main cross-roads
(chaupar)

6. AXES
• Although the location of the axes was determined,
their extents were yet to be defined. The southern
boundary of the city had to lie within the line of
the Agra-Ajmer road.
• So by extending the NS road as far as possible
southwards gives the first fixed dimension, the
length of a side of a square and so establishes the
size of the unit or module of the city.
• A hunting lodge known as Jai Niwas. It was the
king’s wish that this establishment come within
the city.
• A road cutting the plain from N to S linking
Amber,the capital to Sanganer, the principal
trading town. This road had to be preserved and
controlled and therefore had to fall within the
city’s boundaries
• The intersection of the axes to define the Badi
Chaupar (City Square).

7. • Division in to eight portions, ends
of the roads marked by Gates in the
City Wall

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• It is a model of town planning- the first
planned city in India. It is based on Hindu
systems of town planning and followed the
principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra,
an ancient Indian treatise on architecture .
• according to this shastra the site should be
divided into grids or mandalas Rangung
from 2x 2 to 10 x 10.
• Planned according to the Prastara type of
layout, which gives prominence to the
cardinal directions.
• Thus plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3×3 with
gridlines being the city’s main streets.
•
CONCEPTUAL PRASTARA PLAN

9. • The central axis of the town was
laid from East to West between
the gates of the Sun(Suraj pol) and
the moon(Chandpol)
• This was crossed by two roads at
right angles dividing the town into
nine almost square, almost
equally sized blocks, which were
further sub divided by lanes and
alleys all at right angles.

10. URBANFORM AND
ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY
• Jaipur’s road network follows a definite
hierarchy. The major east-west and north-south
road ,form the sector boundaries and are called
Rajmarg as they lead to the city gates. These
measure 33m. wide.
• Next there is a network of 16.5m wide which
runs north-south in each sector linking the
internal areas of the sectors to the major activity
spine.
• An orthogonal grid of 8.25mx4.00m roads in
the prastara-chessboard pattern further divide
sectors into Mohallas.

11. • Section through Ram Ganj Bazaar
• BAZAARS – Originally only four bazaars were planned for the city. These were later named
as Johri bazaar, Sireh Deori Bazaar, Kishan pole Bazaar & Gangori Bazaar
• On the main streets strict control was exercised on the street façade, along which were
located shops and arcades- one storey high, but beyond the frontage the buildings could
be of any height or any shape, some built with flat roofs & others with traditional chattris.
SECTION THROUGH RAM GANJ BAZAR

12. PUBLIC SPACES
PUBLICSPACES
• Public spaces can
be divided into
• Chaupars
• Bazaars
• Mohallas
• Streets
• Temples
• CHAUPAR – It’s a square that occurs at the
intersection of east west roads with three
north south roads.
• Each chaupar is around 100m x 100m.
• Were used for public gathering on festive
occasions.
• The distance between two chaupars is about
700m which is ideal for pedestrian
movement.
• It has controlled façade treatment enveloping
it.

13. STREETSCAPESANDCHOWKS
• View (above) of a main bazaar street – the
width of the main roads was kept 39 1/4 gaz –
108 feet, secondary roads are half this size – 54
feet, the tertiary roads are 27 feet and the inner
mohalla streets are 13 feet wide.
• The main markets, havelis and temples on
the main streets in Jaipur were constructed
by the state in the 18th century, thus
ensuring that a uniform street facade is
maintained. The widths of roads were
predetermined.
• According to a popular belief, the city was
painted pink to celebrate the visit of the
Prince of Wales in 1876, during the reign of
Maharaja Sawai Ram Singh II, lending the city
the name of ‘Pink City’.

14. • Historically, the chaupars
were outlets for intense
social use with water
structures connected by
underground aqueducts,
supplying numerous
sources of drinking water at
street level. Presently, the
centre of each chaupar has
square enclosures with
ornamental fountains.
• The streets and chowks
(central open squares in a
town) of the internal
chowkries (sectors) with
numerous clusters or
mohallas were not
predetermined; hence
show a mix of grid iron and
organic pattern, with the
basic unit of built form
being the rectangular
haveli.

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• BAZAARS
• riginal markets in the city include Kishanpole
bazaar, Gangauri bazaar, Johari bazaar, Sireh
Deorhi bazaar, along the main north-south and
east-west axes that intersect at Chhoti and Badi
Chaupars.
• Typical architectural features of the bazaar
streets are – use of chhajjas (sunshades)
resulting in strong horizontal lines, projecting
vertical blocks on brackets, a modular system of
arches filled with delicate latticed screens to cut
direct sun and glare of reflected sun in the
street.
• Bazaar streets have temples above shops with
wide staircase starting from pavement to the
temple level. Space above shops at first floor
level originally functioned as galleries for
watching royal processions, religious festivals
and public celebrations