ITM220 J. Galusha Kronke psi1 stppt03 revised with voice

Chapter 3
Hardware, Software, and Networks
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Prentice Hall
3-1

Review Ch 2
Q1. What is a business process?
• a series of activities(tasks) to accomplish
something
Q2. What is an information system?
• Hardware, software, data, procedures, people.
Q3. How do business processes and information
systems relate?
• IS are there to make business processes more
efficient/effective
3-2

Review Ch 2
Q4. How do structured and dynamic processes
vary?
• Structured; fixed, stable
• Dynamic; time sensitive, changing
Q5. What is information?
• That which can be use for making decisions
3-3

Review Ch 2
Q6. What are necessary data characteristics?
• Accurate; truthful
• Timely; is there when you need it
• Relevant
– To context; your role
– To subject; what you need
• Just sufficient; too much is overwhelming
• Worth its cost; some data is just TOO
expensive to get.
3-4

Learning Objectives
Q1. What do business professionals need to
know about computer hardware?
know about software?
Q3. What type of computer networks exist?
3-5

Learning Objectives
know about the Internet?
Q5. What happens on a typical web server?
Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual
private networks (VPNs)?
3-6

Computer Categories
Based on business size, use
• Supercomputers; scientific, DOD
• Mainframe computers; Business. large and
expensive, powerful, can handle hundreds and
thousands of connected users at the same
time.
• Minicomputers; Business/gov’t,complex
computations in science an engineering
• Server;Business/gov’t, “mother” computer to
client computers. Websites, databases, email,
other specific functions.Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-7

Computer Categories
Based on business size, use
• Client; PC or laptop connected to a
server/network
• Microcomputers/Workstations;
scientific/engineering, one user, multiple
operating systems
• PC; Individuals Single user, application s/w
• Laptop; Individuals,Portable internet
connected pc
• Handheld; Individuals,cell phones, tablets, etc
3-8

What do business professionals need
to know about computer hardware?
• ALL computers do this:
– Input
– Output
– Process
– Storage
– KNOW THESE
FIGURE 3-1 Categories of Computer Hardware
3-9

What do business professionals need to know about
computer hardware?
• Data is stored in RAM, hard drives, flash
drives, cd, dvd, media cards, the cloud
• HOW much can these hold? Capacity
• Smallest unit is a Bit(Binary digits) 0 or 1
• 8 bits=Byte
• Byte= 1
keystroke
3-10

• How does a computer work?
FIGURE 3-4
Computer Components
3-11

The Inside of a Computer
3-12RAM

Purchasing a PC/Laptop
• CPU - Most important: the “brain”
• Can be single core/dual/quad core
• Quad core theoretically 4x faster than single core
• Measured in SPEED GHZ (cycles/sec)
• Not easily upgradeable
• Ex; Intel, AMD, NVIDIA
• RAM – random access memory
• Temporary holding area for active programs/operating sys,
etc
• You want the MAXIMUM ram your computer can hold
• Typically upgradeable – EXTRA CREDIT
• Acts to speed up your processing
• Measured in Gb
• Volatile
3-13

• Hard Drive – Semi-permanent storage
• Holds the OS, application programs, utilities, data
(pics/videos, etc)
• Measured in Gb or Tb
• Can be upgraded; not easily for laptop
• Towers; hard drive can easily be added
• CD/DVD
• Read only or writeable?
• Operating System – comes with machine
• Depends on hardware (PC or Mac)
• Can be replaced. ALWAYS back up data first!
3-14

• Accessories
• Integrated WIFI
• Graphics
• Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• USB ports
• Firewire port
• Media card reader
• Webcam
• Microphone
3-15

• Bundles Software
• Antivirus
• Microsoft Office
• Video Editing
• Photo Editing
• Utilities
• Games
3-16

• Why does a manager care how a computer
works?
– Match type of computer with business need
– What does the person need to do? Performance?
Speed? Portability?
– Lease/Purchase?
– Memory;RAM/hard drive, etc.
• Volatile- RAM needs electricty
• Non-volatile
3-17

computer hardware?
• What is the difference between a client and a
server?
• Server
• a special computer that has a specific purpose
• Runs server operating systems
• Other computers access it for programs/info (client)
• Direct cable connection, wireless, internet based
• Often referred to as “the cloud”
3-18

computer hardware?
• What is the difference between a client and a
server?
– Server farm
– Client
– Any computer
that talks to
a server
3-19

• Categories of computer hardware
• Computer data
• How computer works and why a manager should
care; troubleshooting, basic understanding
• Differences between a client and a server
3-20

to know about software?
• Software categories
– Operating system; based on the specific h/w
– EX; PCs run Windows/Macs run Mac OS
– Controls the H/W, S/W, peripherals (printers)
– Applications programs- like MS Office
3-21

• What are the major operating systems?
– Non-mobile client operating systems
• Windows/Mac os/Unix/Linux
– Mobile client operating systems
• IOS/Android/Blackberry
– Server operating systems
• Windows server/unix/Linux
3-22

• What are the major operating systems?
FIGURE 3-8 Major Operating Systems
3-23

• Own versus License
– Contract costs? Cost to purchase new H/W
• Cloud computing; S/W & services that run in
the internet
– Not a physical place; servers
– What does it do?
• Runs software(facebook) NOT on your computer
• Stores data; scalable- pay for what you use
• Moores law
3-24

• The Cloud
– Benefits
• Scalable
• “Borrow” software you couldn’t afford
• Accessible anytime/anywhere with an internet
connection
• Sharing/collaborating
• Reduce H/W S/W support needs
3-25

• The Cloud
– Risks
• Depends on internet connectivity/speed
• Tied to providers/contracts
• Security/Availability
3-26

• Virtualization
– Emulating another computer h/w,OS, s/w, network
– Ex Parallels s/w allows me to run Windows on a Mac
– Can be done in the cloud
– Cheaper
3-27

• What Types of Applications Exist, and How Do
Organizations Obtain Them?
– Horizontal market application software; MS Office
– Vertical market application software; by industry
– Client-server application software
– Thin client v. thick client
• Thin=no real computing capacity; get it on the server
– Cheaper but depends on connectivity
• Thick=computing capacity with access to the server
3-28

• Why is S/W acquired
– Old s/w slow, out of date, inefficient, inaccurate
– Need to store additional data
– Regulation changes (IRS, etc.)
– Need to stay competitive
– Need for better way to support competitive
strategy
– Change in procedures
– Purchase new company
– Add a new service/productCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-29

• How do organizations acquire application
software?
– In-house developers; business knowledge
– Hire consultants; expensive, not vested interest
– Purchase off the shelf; usually not an option
– Custom developed; if specific business needs
– Purchase ENTIRE solution; SAP
3-30

• How Software is created
– s/w written by programmers in a language (source
code)
– Source code translated into binary to become .exe
(object code)
– Purchased s/w is JUST the .exe portion
– Changes needed? Too bad, so sad
3-31

• Open Source; Getting the source and being
able to modify it to fit your needs
• Is open source a viable alternative?
– Linux is a free, open source version of Unix
– Source code
– Machine code
– Closed source
– Open source
3-32

• Operating Systems- s/w that controls the h/w
and other s/w. The “mother” software
• Application Programs – used for specific need;
MS Word. Purchased or built.
• Open Source- free
3-33

What Type of Computer Networks
Exist?
• Computer Network
– Different computers that are able to “talk” to each
other; Spartan
• Local Area Network (LAN)
– Small area; you own the communication cables
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
– Need to rent 3rd party communication lines
3-34

Exist?
• “the Internet”
– WWW is NOT the internet. It is only ONE part of
the internet
– A network of networks which allow computers to
communicate
– No one owns it
– Individual companies/entities own the hardware,
network s/w, routers, switches, etc.
– Governing body makes the rules
3-35

Exist?
• What are the components of a LAN?
– Small office/Home office (SOHO LAN)
– Wired connectivity; Ethernet cable connected
– Wireless connections; through a wireless network;
access point that gets you on the internet
3-36

Exist?
• What are the components of a LAN?
– Protocol – a set of rules, devices, etc. that enable
completely different computers to communicate
– LAN protocols
• Institute for Electronic and Electrical Engineers
(IEEE)
• IEEE 802.3 (wired Ethernet)
• IEEE 802.11 (wireless)
• Bluetooth
3-37

Exist?
• What are the alternatives for connecting to a
WAN?
– Companies/entities that have their own
routers/switches/communication lines ARE the
internet (Like UT)
– The rest of us hire Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• We piggyback on their infrastructure to get to the
internet
• Each computer assigned an IP address
– Digital Data
– Analog Data- dial-upCopyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
3-38

Exist?
• What are the alternatives for connecting to a
WAN?
– Modems
• DSL
• Cable
• Wireless
FIGURE 3-15 Signal Modulation for Accessing the Internet
3-39

Exist?
• Computer Network
• Local Area Network (LAN)
• Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Internets
• “the Internet”
3-40

to know about the Internet?
• Internet’s network of networks
• Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and
WANs
• TCP/IP architecture
• Application layer protocols
• TCP and IP protocols
• IP addressing- unique number used as a
delivery address when communicating on the
web
3-41

FIGURE 3-17 TCP/IP Architecture
3-42

– Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP)
– Secured Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTPS)
– Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• We will use an FTP program to upload our webpages to
the live web
3-43

– Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
– Internet Protocol (IP)
3-44

What do business professionals need to know about the
Internet?
• IP addressing
– Every internet connected computer has a unique IP
address.
– It is difficult to remember numbers so a domain name
server translates a typed address (www.ut.edu) to its
actual IP address
– Use of Private IP Addresses
• Eg. 165.193.123.253
– Public IP Addresses and Domain Names
– Domain name helps us understand the content;
.com.bus.edu, etc.
– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• Eg. http://www.godaddy.com
3-45

• Internet’s network of networks
• Consists of tens of thousands of LANs and
WANs
• IP addressing
3-46

What happens on a typical web
server?
• Web storefront
• Three-Tier architecture (user, server,
database)
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML); the
language of the web
• eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
3-47

server?
• Web storefront
– server on the web from which you can buy
products
– Eg: www.REI.com
FIGURE 3-19 Sample Retail Web
Page Source: Used with permission
of REI and Black Diamond.
3-48

server?
• Three-Tiered architecture
– User tier – what you type on YOUR computer
– Server tier contains:
• Web page
• Web farm (many web servers)
– Database tier (where the data actually lives)
3-49

server?
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
– HTML tags <>
– Hyperlinks (href)
FIGURE 3-22
Example HTML
3-50

server?
• Adobe Flash
• Microsoft Silverlight
• HTML5
3-51

server?
• Web storefront
• Three-Tier architecture
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)
3-52

How do organizations benefit from
virtual private networks (VPNs)?
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)
– Virtual – not “real”
– Tunnel – like a private pipeline on the internet
– Security – very secure; firewalls
3-53

Ethics Guide
• Churn and Burn
– Mark’s conspiracy theory
– Does it have merit?
– Discussion Questions
3-54

Conclusion
know about computer hardware?
know about software?
Q3. What type of computer networks exist?
3-55

Conclusion
know about the Internet?
Q5. What happens on a typical web server?
Q6. How do organizations benefit from virtual
private networks (VPNs)?
3-56

3-57

ITM220 J. Galusha Kronke psi1 stppt03 revised with voice

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